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9/8/25, 11:19 AM meta scraping data on homeless people - Google Search
meta scraping data on homeless pi C
Al Mode All Images Videos News Short videos Forums More - Tools
c_
Al Overview
Web scraping on Meta platforms (Facebook, Instagram) to collect data on
homeless people is a highly problematic activity with significant ethical,
privacy, and legal concerns. The term "meta scraping" can refer to scraping
data from Meta's platforms or scraping "metadata" from websites. In either
case, the practice of targeting.... p unethical and mwy..�
�rLne�N o ulatlons Is
illegal .a.�
Why scraping data on homeless people from Meta platforms is unethical
and risky
Violates Meta's terms of service. Automated data collection (scraping) from
Facebook and Instagram is a violation of Meta's terms of service. The company
dedicates significant resources to combating unauthorized scraping. While courts
have been divided on the legality of scraping public data, violating the terms of
service can still lead to legal action from Meta.
Significant privacy concerns. Scraping social media to collect data on a
vulnerable population like people experiencing homelessness is a major privacy
p pcollecting. personal informat,[ .�� �li . al" s,
�... p public, p ", - tc
ersona
nsent Is unethNcal and ex ores these individuals _.
locatiprts,�ed I photos without I .. P
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risks such as Identuty_heft, harassment, or further exploitation,
_w. for : k' LQ�� (�
pt r , including creating fraudulent accounts or a profiling s
Potential a collected th ugw
r�alN�ou � ,� g p g individuals. A
2024 inquiry in Australia confirmed that Meta scrapes all public content for Al
training unless a post is specifically set to private. This highlights how publicly
available data can be misused or used for purposes not intended by the person who
posted it.
High legal risk. Data scraping carries legal risks under various laws and re ulations.
o GDPR and CCPA: Scraping personal data without
p" g p .�. �.�.� � � consent can violate privacy
laws like the General Data Proectlon Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the
ry r Privacy Act (CCPA) in the US, leading to heavy fines..
California ConsumeF� _�..._ .._
,"1114e�_ ... �. 1 fi w e
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9/8/25, 11:19 AM
meta scraping data on homeless people - Google Search
o Copyright law: Copying and republishing scraped content can constitute
copyright infringement.
Perpetuates bias. Automated data collection from social media can unintentionally
reinforce biases that already exist in society. Tools built with this data, even with
good intentions, could compound inequities for marginalized groups, as highlighted
by homelessness researchers.
Ethical alternatives for researching homelessness
Instead of scraping personal data from Meta platforms, researchers and
organizations can use ethical and legal alternatives to gather data on
homeless populations:
• Use official APIs: For projects that require access to social media data, check if the
platform offers an official Application Programming Interface (API). Using an API is
the compliant, reliable, and authorized method of collecting data.
• Consult ethical web scraping guidelines: Reputable web scraping firms and data
companies have developed ethical guidelines for data collection. These include
respecting a website's robots.txt file, throttling requests to avoid overwhelming
servers, and obtaining explicit permission when needed.
Work with nonprofits and government agencies: Many organizations, such as the
National Alliance to End Homelessness and the Urban Institute, already collect and
analyze data on homelessness. Partnering with them can provide access to
established datasets and analysis.
Rely on structured, public sources: Use publicly available, non -personal data from
reliable sources like government websites, academic studies, or news archives. For
example, some universities have used web scraping for legitimate academic
purposes, like gathering dialectical data for linguistic models for refugees.
Obtain explicit consent: Conduct research with direct consent from participants.
When researching a sensitive population, qualitative research methods, such as
interviews and surveys, are more ethical and respectful of individual privacy.
Ethical Web Scraping in the Al Era: Rules, Risks & Best Practices
May 15, 2025 ..— Table of Contents show $ Is Web Scraping Ethical? Well... It
epends. Scraping pclblic prOdUCt listings, Scraping social media posts__
> PromptClouct
https://www.google.com/search?q=meta+scraping+data+on+homeless+people&riz=1 C 1 CH B F_enUS 1086US 1086&oq=meta+scraping+data+on+hom, .. 2/5
9/8/25, 12:15 PM Western District of Washington I Former low-income housing executive sentenced to prison for embezzling nearly $7 million i Unite
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Former low-income housing executive
sentenced to prisonfor embezzling
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Friday, August 27, 2021
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For Immediate Release
U.S. Attorney's Office, Western District of
Washington
S' 41 /s
Pierce County Housing Authority finance executive used public funds for
gambling and lavish lifestyle
Tacoma -A former Pierce County Housing Authority executive was sentenced today in U.S.
District Court in Tacoma to 51 months in prison for wire fraud in connection with her scheme to
steal nearly $7 million, announced Acting U.S. Attorney Tessa M. Gorman. Cova Campbell
pleaded guilty in January 2021, admitting that between March 2016 and July 2019, she used a
variety of schemes to divert $6.9 million in public money to her own bank accounts. At the
sentencing hearing U.S. District Judge Robert J. Bryan ordered Campbell into custody
immediately, and said "There is a substantial question about your remorse... On one level you
were a highly competent public servant, but you had a dark side that allowed you to lose your
moral compass."
"At a time when housing resources in our community are in historically high demand, this
defendant stole from the poor and vulnerable who most needed assistance," said U.S. Attorney's
Office Criminal Chief Sarah Vogel. "Her greed meant there were less resources for the elderly,
httpsl/wwww.justice.gow/usao-wdwa/pWormer- low -in come -housing-execs'tive-sentenced-prison»embezzling-nearly-7-mfffion 1 /4
9/8/25, 12:15 PM Western District of Washington I Former low-income housing executive sentenced to prison for embezzling nearly $7 million I Unite...
the disabled, the veterans, and the children in Pierce County who count on the Housing
Authority to provide safe and secure shelter."
According to records filed in the case, Campbell was a 20-year trusted employee of the Pierce
County Housing Authority, and repeatedly betrayed that trust over a 3-year period. Campbell
initiated wire transfers of as much as $500,000 from Pierce County Housing Authority accounts
to her own bank accounts. One of the transfers was in connection with the purchase of land in
Oklahoma. Campbell also prepared and submitted false invoices to PCHA and made them
appear they were from an outside vendor. PCHA paid the invoices, and the money went into
Campbell's bank accounts. Campbell covered up her fraud by labeling these fraudulent
charges as "investments," "insurance;' or "maintenance" in the PCHA accounting records.
According to the plea agreement, Campbell used the money to pay for land and improvements
to that property in Oklahoma, for improvements to her home in Lakewood, Washington, and for
travel including trips to Las Vegas and the chartering of a private jet. She used some of the
money for the purchase of two cars. She also diverted large amounts of the money for
gambling and internet gaming.
The Washington State Auditor's Office uncovered the financial irregularities, and Campbell's
employment was terminated by the Housing Authority on August 8, 2019.
Campbell was arrested in March 2020 in Redbird, Oklahoma.
In asking for a 5-year prison sentence, prosecutors noted that Campbell had abused her
position of trust, and even brought her co-workers under suspicion. "Then, once it became clear
that Ms. Campbell acted alone, the employees felt blame and shame for failing to stop their
boss's criminal acts.... This money was intended to expand and improve housing options in our
community.... The crime was a devastating theft from vulnerable residents of Pierce County
based on greed," Assistant United States Attorney Brian Werner wrote in his sentencing memo.
One of the Commissioners of the Housing Authority Board spoke at the hearing saying, "The
fraud limits the ability of the authority to assist the community." Commissioner Mark Martinez
also said Campbell had not explained what happened to about 60 percent of the stolen money
and had turned over few assets voluntarily, forcing the Housing Authority to spend time and
money trying to get those assets via civil litigation.
Due to some of the amounts recovered in the civil litigation, the amount of restitution Campbell
still owes is $5,299,976.
The case was investigated by the FBI and HUD-OIG. The case was prosecuted by Assistant
United States Attorney Brian Werner.
Contact
https://www.j ustice. gov/u sao-wdwa/pr/former-low-i ncome-ho u s i ng-executive-sentenced-prison-embezzling-nearly-7-mi I lion
2/4
9/8/25, 12:34 PM
What are HUD violations - Google Search
e What are HUD violations
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HUD violations generally fall into two categories: Fair Housing Act violations,
which are discriminatory practices in the sale, rental, or lending of housing
based �� �_. ... ,.eon hin H!
funded n programs, protected suchasSection S housin cs, and uEoxam'Ses of the first include
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refusing to rent to someone based on their race or family status, while
examples of the second include property damage, non-payment of rent, or
unauthorized subletting in a subsidized unit.
Fair Housing Act Violations
These occur when a housing provider, landlord, or lender discriminates
against individuals in protected classes, such as race, religion, national origin,
sex, familial status (having children), or disability. a,
Examples of discrimination:
Refusing to sell or rent housing, c?
Setting different tens or conditions for housing. 4)
Providing different services or facilities, oo
Making Wse �stat rn.�..(-' nt about va abilit..., �1'C � ,
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Using different: application or approval processes.
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Failing to make necessary maintenance and repairs,
`>loC,`kA.3u stl g (persuading g people to sell be£,a€. s a protected group is rnovMin`to
the neighborhood). ,,
Legal Protection:
https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=c2dcl8l7l226bd7b&riz=1 C1 CHBF.,, enUS1086US 1086&q=What+are+HUD+violations&sa=X&ved=2ahUKE... 1 /5
9/8/25, 12:34 PM
What are HUD violations - Google Search
The Fair Housing Act is a federal law enforced by HUD that prohibits these
practices.
HUD -Funded Program Violations (e.g., Section 8)
These violations involve actions by tenants, landlords, or program participants
that go against the terms and conditions of HUD -funded assistance
programs.
Examples by tenants:
0 Non-payment of rent.
0 Property damage beyond normal wear and tear, (1)
* Unauthorized occupants or guests.
* Anti -social behavior. Go
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Fraudulent practices. such as improperly reporting incorne or subletting without
permission.
Failure to pass management or physical inspections- can lead to a change of
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management or even foreclosure, according g Q.
How to report:
You car) report violations or suspected fraud, waste, or abuse in HUD programs by
contacting theH,U ffice.pf-Lnlipp
How to Handle Lease Violations in Section 8 Housing
,),,an 22,2025 -- How to Handle Lease Violations in Section 8 Housing Late rent
payments or non-payment of the tenant's portion. ", Un... g i
The Inspection Group
Housing Discrimination Under the Fair Housing Act - HUD
Refuse to negotiate for housing. Otherwise rnake housing unavailable. Set different terms,
conditions or pnviWges for sale or rpn...
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FAIR HOUSING - HUD
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becaLlse of:. Race or color. - National Origin.. R_
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9/8/25, 12:06 PM subsidized units standing empty pierce county wa 2024 - Google Search
subsidized units standing empty pig
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Al Overview
Based on reports from the Tacoma Housing Authority (THA), approximately 5%
of their affordable housing units stood empty in 2024, down from 8% in 2023.
While information on the exact number of empty units across all of Pierce
County is not readily available, significant vacancies are known to be an issue. " ,
This is primarily due to administrative problems that prevent people from
moving into units, not a lack of demand. & 2, 017
Tacoma Housing Authority vacancy details
• Occupancy rate improving: In 2024, the ac ,.1 .g :lou iw :g_uth Ij increased
its occupancy rate from 92% to 95% and was on track to achieve its goal of 98%
occupancy by the end of 2025.
• Maintenance delays: The primary reason for THA's remaining vacancies is the time it
takes to "turn," or prepare, vacant units for new tenants. In 2024, THA's maintenance
teams turned 150 units.
• Rapid lease -up: THA moved 205 new applicants into its portfolio units and helped
house more than 400 additional households with vouchers in 2024., a 54% incr as
over 2023. & q c,' ) b K) l t ' +�' a t . o°.Vo p .
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County -wide barriers leading to vacancies r`°� 4;'
Issues with a lack of coordination and outdated systems often lead to units
sitting empty, despite overwhelming demand.
• Difficult navigation: The Coordinated Entry system, used to place people in subsidized
housing, has been described as "overwhelming" and "cumbersome". This confusion
crea;, es-a-b ttleneck that slo downm-the oroces -of frifina.u.n ts.
• Lack of response from applicants: In 2024, the ojjj . jjgug ng , I jhqr ty reported "'
that about half of the applicants selected from the waitlist did not respond to offers of
housing assistance. Applicants may be hard to reach because they have changed
hone numbers or lack consistent access to communication.
Rt
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9/8/25, 12:06 PM subsidized units standing empty pierce county wa 2024 - Google Search
Closed waitlists: Some housing authority waitlists, including the Pierce County
Housing Authority's Section 8 list, have been closed for years. This leads to outdated
data and does not accurate
..w._ ly reflect tb gg .c rrent nin the community.
• Ouiltdated policies: As of late 2024, THA was transitioning to new technology and
updating its waitlist policies to be more responsive to community needs and improve
communication with applicants.
This system is supposed to help people in crisis find housing ...
May 17, 2024 — Crout said navigating the Coordinated Entry systern can be ' �t
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A Look Back at THA's Strategic Goals & Progress in 2024
Feb 6, 2025 •-- Increase Housing Access & Stability * In 2023, we established a goal that by the
end of 2025, we would achieve 98%, oea.€.ipa/icy in our rxortfolio, Wilhin eight wont...
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What's New with THA's Waitlist - Tacoma Housing Authority
Cep 30, 2024, .— The changes include: * Continuously Open, Starting on November 14, 2024,
THNs waitlists will re€vain open corvinuously. Households will be gable to apply at any_
07, -tacorna HOUsing ALit Ority x
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Pierce County (gov)
htips://www.pitrce(-o-,jntywa.gov) CivicAierts
:� days ago •-- Yesterday, the Pierce County Council approved $12.2 million to fund four housing projects
that will create or preserve 646 units of ...
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9/8/25, 11:41 AM percentage of landlords walking away from government contracts for subsidized housing use - Google Search
percentage of landlords walking awi X'
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No specific percentage exists for landlords walking away from government
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organizations confirm
m that landlord artici fi onµ is eclinin in certain nke
subsidizedhousing contracts across the US, but reports from
ro ram s. The reasons
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and location.
Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8)
• The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) h�as acknoweded...a.._...
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significant and decade Ion in Ho„
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being used by families,
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�. i�ial term, ...�, �, .�._ w _. ..... .�.
man y,are simply refusigg •ta"accept vouchers in the first pl,ad "
• A 2024 analysis by the Furman Center found that in 2022, approximately 90,000
households with vouchers were unable to use them, in large part because they could
not find a landlord to accent them.
• A study cited by HUD found that in tight rental markets with high rates of landlord
rejection, the landlord denial rate was 67% or higher. (51
Low -Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program
• Under the LIHTC program, affordable housing restrictions on a property typically
expire after 30 years, opening the door for owners to convert the units to market -rate
rent.
• p �M... o ... _h �_...... �.m...._ i d u n was at
'risk of losing restrictions b � 2025. It also projected that based on �a
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9/8/25, 11:41 AM percentage of landlords walking away from government contracts for subsidized housing usa - Google Search
• This program provides subsidies directly to building owners. Unlike with vouchers,
HUD requires a one-year notice for owners who elect not to renew their Housing
Assistance Payment (HAP) contract.
• However, contract expirations remain a concern. For example, a 2019 report noted
that expired contracts for project -based subsidies —which provide homes for 1.2
million families —accounted for about 5% of HUD's portfolio at that time. 61
Key reasons landlords are leaving subsidized housing
• Administrative burden: Government programs, like Section 8, often involve significant
paperwork, strict property inspections, and a complex bureaucracy, which many
landlords find time-consuming and frustrating.
• Low rental payments: In a tight rental market, landlords can often make more profit by
renting to a non -subsidized tenant at a higher market rate, rather than being restricted
to program rent payments.
• High costs: Some landlords report extensive property damage from subsidized
tenants, resulting in costly repairs that are not fully covered.
• Market forces: In areas with low vacancy rates and high demand, landlords may have
less incentive to participate in programs like Section 8.
• Changing regulations: In the LIHTC program, affordability restrictions expire, and
some owners actively seek ways to opt out of the program after the required period to
charge higher market -rate rents. Go
Pilot to of Landlord cc nce of Housingice ...
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Data from HUD's administrative systems in(flc,ate tt);at t:he nttrraber o1 l�ndlords
acu,,Dfing vouchers has declined over the past decade, while the number of... ,
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Sectioni Contract Renewal
Option 6: Opt -out. Eligibility: An owner may elect to not renew their HAP contract upon
expiration. 'rhis does not apply to owners subject to a contractual oblig...
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I for Regular People - Shelterforce
Nov 30, 2023 _._ This could look nlan� z it for
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9/8/25, 12:21 PM consumer fraud in hud housing budget misappropriation/fraud agencies/contractors US - Google Search
• Contracting and procurement fraud: Falsifying bids, billing for work not
performed, or substituting cheaper materials than specified in the contract.
• Bribery and kickbacks: Offering or accepting paymentsf to secure a contract or
Conflict of interest: Steering contracts or program benefits to one's ov
• � 9 p 9 h., -...a.
businesse—so', -r associates
• Rental assistance fraud:
o Landlord fraud: Billing to,r vacant units, charging tenants more than allowed, or
demanding sexual favors in exchange for housing.
o Tenant fraud: Lying about income, assets, or family circumstances to qualify for
benefits.
• Mortgage fraud:
o Fraud for profit: Scheming with multiple parties to defraud a lender of large sums
of money.
c, Occupancy fraud: Claiming a property will be a primary residence to get better
loan terms when it is intended as an investment.
o Reverse mortgage fraud: Targeting seniors to trick them into taking out reverse
mortgages and then stealing the proceeds.
How to report
When making a report, provide as much detail as possible to assist the
investigation.
• What to include:
o Specific events and evidence of fraud.
o The names and contact information of the people involved.
o Dates, times, and frequency of the activity.
o The location (e.g., city, state, housing authority).
o The type of fraudulent scheme used.
o The gain to the wrongdoer and the estimated loss to the HUD program.
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9/8/25, 12:21 PM consumer fraud in hud housing budget misappropriation/fraud agencies/contractors US - Google Search
consumer fraud in hud housing budget n Xr.40
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„ , Al Overview
To report consumer fraud or budget misappropriation within HUD housing
programs, contact the HUD Office of the Inspector General (OIG) hotline at 1-
800-347-3735 or submit a report on their website. The OIG investigates
criminal and civil violations involving HUD funds and can be reported
anonymously. oo
Who to contact for specific issues
The best agency to contact depends on the nature of the complaint:
• HUD OIG: For fraud, waste, abuse, or mismanagement related to HUD programs or
funding. This includes contractor and grant fraud, embezzlement, kickbacks,
bribery, and financial fraud.
• Local Public Housing Agency: For issues concerning public housing, housing
choice vouchers, rent calculations, or landlord -tenant disputes.
• HUD Multifamily Housing Complaint Line: To report problems with management,
maintenance, or fraud in HUD -subsidized apartment complexes.
• Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): For complaints related to
mortgages (excluding fraud in FHA -insured loans), interstate land sales, or issues
covered by the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA).
• Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO): To report housing
discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or
disability.
• FBI: For fraud allegations involving conventional (non -FHA) loans.
l�'f
Tide HUD OIG investigates a wide range of fraudulent activities committed by
housing agencies, contractors, and individuals:
https://www.google.comlsearch?q=consumer+fraud+in+hud+housing+budget+misappropriation %2Ffraud+agencies%2Fcontractors+US&sca_esv=c2d... 1 /6
9/8/25, 12:00 PM how many empty subsidized units in washington state - Google Search
how many empty subsidized units i
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There is no single, current statewide number for empty subsidized units in
Washington, but recent reports show that thousands of affordable,
subsidized units were empty in Seattle and King County at the end of 2024,
with the vacancy rate inthat sector exceeding 10%. While a 2015 assessment
_
noted a deficit of over 327,000 affordable and available units for low-income
Tools -
households in Washington, a more recent analysis in August 2025 found that
more than 10% of affordable apartments in Seattle and King County were
empty, representing 5,037 vacant units in the region. 4
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Context from the reports �m..
A recent report from The Seattle Tirnes in ALIgust 2025 indicated that in Seattle and
King County, over 10% of affordable housing Unit S were empty at the end of
2024.
In the City of Seattle, the vacancy rate for these affordable units was 0. %,
resufting in 2,783 vacant. units in 2024. &
61 In King County, the vacancy rate was `t ,2.%, with 5,037 vacant units at the end of
2024.
These vacancies occur despite; a significant overall shortage of affordable housing in
Washington. 0t5) report highlighted a deficit of over 327,000 affordable units for
extremely low-ainuonne households in the state. 4O
actors contributing to the situation
Affordablesi Vacancies:
Even with the large number of people; struggling to f ind housing, thousands of units
dgsigm-Ated for low-income people have been left empty.
Underproductio n of Housing:
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9/8/25, 12:00 PM how many empty subsidized units in washington state - Google Search
Reports from 2020 and 2022 indicated that Washington State; had been under -
producing housing, with a shortage of over 225,000 units between 2000 and
2015.
A 2015 assessment noted that thousands of existing affordable units were at risk of
converting to rnarket-rate housing due to expiring affordability agreements. &
Why thousands of Seattle's afford a ble- housing apartments ...
Ug 31, 2025 -.- At Thai Binh, built with rnore than $40 million in public subsidies,
about 50 apartments
The Seattle Tirnes
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Washington state has been under -producing housing units for ...
Jan"I 0, 2020 --- Washington state has been under -producing housing units for
decades. A new report said there should have been an addit...
(a SoattieWeekly
HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT - .• County
In Washington state, 118,092 units of subsidized rental housing have been built using Mate,
local, federal and private capital fu...
& Kitsap.Gov ( gov)
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& The Seattle Times
Project Homeless
Why thousands of Seattle's affordable -housing apartments ...
Aug 31, 2025 -.- in Seattle and King County, thousands of apartments reserved for people who can't
afford market -rate rent were empty at the end of 2024, an ...
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9/8/25, 11:31 AM The prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among homeless people: a systematic review and meta -analysis - P
mortality from suicide and general medical as well as alcohol and drug -related causes
Epidemiologic evidence from several studies has shown that schizophrenia and other psychotic
disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders among homeless people [.7 8 and
they are associated with a greater risk of comorbid physical disease, substance use, and disability
as well as mortality from different causes [.t.JL4�, 1.6-_1_8]. The reported prevalence estimates of
schizophrenia among the homeless people range from 2.29 to 60% depending on the studies [1,
_]. The impacts of psychotic disorders among homeless people could be severe and extensive,
it negatively impacts the homeless person suffering from it, the family, relatives and other
population [,L, 15, ?1.,j, 2�1,].
A better under a di g i�lf. liol g st n n 'ep� 'y Z_ p_
0 9f,schi o hrenia and otherps --ychotic disorders among
. . . ..... ..
'&'homeless people could assist the development of better policies and intervention strategies as
well as best intervention mechanisms to address the impacts associated with these disorders.
Although there are previous systematic reviews on overall mental disorders and psychosis among
homeless people, to our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta -analysis aimed to
provide the pooled prevalence estimates of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among
the homeless. we hypothesized that the prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
are notably high among homeless people. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the
results of available epidemiologic studies in order to provide a high level of evidence on the global
prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among homeless and forward
implications of the findings for the future clinical practice as well as research.
Methods
Research design and method
We conduct this systematic review and meta -analysis in adherence to the PRISMA (Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta -Analyses) guidelines [Z.a]. A predesigned
protocol was utilized for searching, data abstraction, inclusion -exclusion criteria, quality
evaluation, as well as data synthesis and analysis.
Data source and selection process L)T(
:?
2'
(9, '15A
https:Hpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6880407/ A 9 e -I> 3/42
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9/8/25, 11:31 AM The prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among homeless people: a systematic review and meta -analysis - P
employed to compute heterogeneity. Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel
plots were used to assess publication bias.
Results
Thirty-one studies involving 51,925 homeless people were included in the final analysis. The meta -
analysis showed a remarkably higher prevalence of psychosis [21.21% (95% CI:13.73, 31.29),12 =
99.43%], schizophrenia [10.29% (95%, Cl: 6.44, 16.02),12 = 98.76%], schizophreniform disorder
[2.48% (95% I: 6.16, 28.11),12 = 88.84a �a] schizoaffective disorder [3.53% (95% Cl: 1.33 9.05),
12 = 31.63 pia,] as well as psychotic disorders not otherwise specified [90,1;, (95% Cl: 6.92, 11.62), I2 =
33.38%] among homeless people. The prevalence estimate of psychosis was higher in developing
(29.16%) as compared to developed (18.80%) countries. Similarly, the prevalence of schizophrenia
was highest in developing (22.15%) than developed (8.83%) countries.
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta -analysis revealed that schizophrenia and other psychotic
disorders are highly prevalent among homeless people, indicating an urgent need for studies to
help develop better mechanisms of prevention, detection as well as treatment of those disorders
among homeless people.
Keywords: Homeless, Schizophrenia, Psychotic disorder, Systematic review, Meta -analysis
Background
Globally, as many as 100 million people were categorized as homeless, and over 1.6 billion
individuals lacked adequate housing [1]. A wide range of multiple and interrelated factors
contributes to homelessness such as domestic violence, social isolation, unemployment,
addictions, mental illness, sexual assault, poverty, a critical shortage of affordable housing,
financial difficulties, family breakdown, and adverse childhood experiences
As compared to the general population, homeless people suffer from a greater prevalence of
psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders [7, B]. The reported
magnitude of mental disorders among homeless people ranged from 25 to 50% across the studies
[2-1�.1,]. This prevalence rate rises to about 92% among those who are street homeless [7]. The
presence of mental disorders among homeless people is linked with a higher risk of disability and
https:Hpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6880407/
2/42
as u c t a �x hr'
k:, of , ',Tr . dz td` i ,
Fraud Investi gation Report:
• 1 County Housing Authorit�j
Materials this ev�Ary package
The report: Fraud Investigation Report - Pierce County Housing Authority
(published 12/16/2019)
Additional information: News articles
Audit uncovers $6.9M fraud scheme by former Fierce County Housing Authority employee
If ever there was a sign of the need for oversight, theft of $6.9 million in housing funds is it
Editorial: This is why local governments are audited
® Audit: Ex -employee stole $7 million from housing agency in state's largest -ever fraud case
`Trusted' Pierce County Housing Authority finance director accused of stealing millions
® Audit: Ex -employee stole $7 million from housing agency in state's largest -ever fraud case
® Longtime employee took millions from Pierce County Housing Authority, court filing says
® $6.9 Million Taken In Pierce County Fraud Scheme, Audit Finds
® Auditor: Ex -finance director stole $6.9M from housing agency
® Auditor: Washington State Official Stole $6.9M From Housing Agency, Bought Oklahoma Property
Former finance director of Pierce County Housing Authority accused of stealing $6.9 million
Auditor: Ex -finance director stole $6.9M from housing agency
website link to document: tittps-://www.nasact,org/files/Resources/Awards/NSAA/
Award_.Guidelines_and_Criteria/2020—Eiitry._Form.pdf
National State Auditors Association
2020 Excellence in Accountability Awat-ds
ENTRY FORM
Name of project: Fraud Investigation: Pierce County Housing Authority
State submitting entry: Washington
Office: Office of the Washington State Auditor
State contact person: Sadie Armijo
Phone number: 564-999-0808
Email address: Sadie.Armijo@sao.wa.gov
Please indicate the award type you are submitting for:
Performance Audit Number audit hours
Forensic Report X
Special Project
Each entry must be submitted in unprotected PDF format only to Sherri Rowland at
and should include the, following,
• Completed entry form.
• A write-up (maximum of 2 pages) identifying the report/project performed and the result,
• A copy of the formal report or project. (This requirement may be waived at the Committee's
discretion for a Special Project, depending on the nature of the project, See award guidelines
for more information,.)
• Additional information such as copies of newspaper articles, legislation or Policy changes
that resulted from the report or project. Additional materials too large to email (e.q,, video of a
news item) should be submitted on a CD/DVID/thumb drive. Six (6) copies of the ("'WIDVID/thumb
drive must be received by Sherri Rowland at NSAA prior to the submission deadline,
Cl s10VDs/thL1mb drives should be mailed to Sherri at 449 Lewis Hargett Circle, Suite, 290,
Lexington, KY 40503.
Please note:
• It is solely the submitter's responsibility to ensure that all materials are received by Sherri Rowland
prior to the submission deadline.
• To be considered for an award, all documents must be submitted electronically in PDF format.
Links to documents on a website will not be accepted. (See exception above for materials too large to
email, and certain Special Projects subject to committee approval.)
• PIDF documents must not be protected in any manner that would prevent printing or require a
password to access the documents. Protected documents will be disqualified.
The entry must be e-mailed to Sherri Rowland at and received no later than 5:00
p.m. EST on Monday, February 17', 2020. Submissions received after the deadline will riot be accepted.
You will receive a confirmation e-mail confirming your, entry was received. If you have not received
confirmation within two business days, Please contact Sherri directly at (859) 276-1147.