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Home My WebLink About070124 City Council Business Meeting PacketPORT TOWNSEND CITY COUNCIL AGENDA CITY HALL COUNCIL CHAMBERS, 540 WATER STREET Business Meeting 6:00 p.m. July 1, 2024 • Attend in person or virtually via computer or tablet at Hells:.//zoon ..us/i/98187633367 enter the Webinar ID 98187633367 • Phone only (muted - listen -only mode) United States: Local Dial In — 1(253)215- 8782„981876333674 • Submit public comment to be included in the meeting record to: 1jtt s:// ubliccomment.lillout.com/cit of t • If you are experiencing technical difficulties, please attempt all methods listed above before reporting any issues to: cler .su ort �� oft' t.us L Call to Order II. Roll Call III. Changes to the Agenda IV. Proclamation(s) or Special Presentation(s) A. North Olympic YMCA Annual Report Presentation V. City Manager's Report VI. Comments from the Public (re consent agenda items and items not on the agenda) (Each person has 3 min. to comment- City Clerk will signal at 2 min. 30 sec.) A. Public comment B. Staff or Council response, as needed VII. Consent Agenda Action: Move to adopt the consent agenda and/or request to remove any individual item from the consent agenda. A. Approval of Bills, Claims and Warrants B. Approval of Minutes: May 20, 2024, June 3, 2024 C. Lodging Tax Advisory Committee Establishing Resolutions update - Membership D. County Wildfire Prevention Plan Signature Approval E. Approving the Application for a Public Works Trust Fund Loan/Grant F. TIB Grant Approval VIIL Unfinished Business (None) IX. New Business A. Mountain View Campus Vacancies Proposed Action: Review and provide guidance i. Staff presentation and Council questions ii. Public Comment iii. Council deliberation and action B. Golf Park Naming Proposed Action: Move to approve the name change from the Port Townsend Golf Course to the Port Townsend GolfPark i. Staff presentation and Council questions ii. Public Comment iii. Council deliberation and action C. Resolution 24-026 Establishing New Fees for Fire Code -Related Services and Amending the Fee Schedule and Resolution 24-027 Relating to an Interlocal Agreement Between the City of Port Townsend and East Jefferson Fire Rescue Recognizing Agreed Upon Fire Code Official and Fire Marshal Services Proposed Action: Move to approve Resolution 24-026 Establishing New Fees for Fire Code -Related Services and Amending the Fee Schedule and Resolution 24-027 Relating to an Interlocal Agreement Between the City ofPort Townsend and East Jefferson Fire Rescue Recognizing Agreed Upon Fire Code Official and Fire Marshal Services i. Staff presentation and Council questions ii. Public Comment iii. Council deliberation and action D. Finance Update Proposed Action: Discussion Only. No Action Requested. i. Staff presentation and Council questions ii. Public Comment iii. Council deliberation and action X. Presiding Officer's Report XI. Suggestions for Future Agendas XII. Comments from Council XIII. Adjourn Agenda Bill 24-104 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 10f Port '�,a h" ® Regular Business Meeting Townsen ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Submitted By: Carrie Hite, Director of Parks Strategy Date Submitted: June 24, 2024 Departments: Administrative Contact Phone: 360-379-2979 SUBJECT: Receive annual report from the Executive Director, Wendy Bart, North Olympic YMCA. CATEGORY: BUDGET IMPACT: 0 ❑ Consent ❑ Resolution Expenditure Amount: ❑ Staff Report ❑ Ordinance Included in Budget? Yes ❑x No ❑ ❑ Contract Approval ❑x Other: Presentation ❑ Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: Choose an item, . SUMMARY STATEMENT: The City entered into a lease agreement, entitled Mountain View Pool and Use Agreement ending in December of 2023 with the Olympic Peninsula YMCA to lease space at Mountain View Commons and to operate the Mountain View Pool. The City Council decided to renew their agreement effective January 2024 to December 2025. Part of their requirement of the lease is to provide an annual report to the City Council. Wendy Bart, Executive Director of the Olympic Peninsula YMCA will join us for the presentation. BACKGROUND The City enjoys a collaborative relationship with the YMCA at Mountain View Commons. CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: Receive report. ALTERNATIVES: ❑x Take No Action ❑x Refer to Committee ❑x Refer to Staff ® Postpone Action ❑ Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance ❑ Other- Attachments- 1- 2023 Usage report — YMCA 2 - Presentation the OLYMPIC PENINSULA YMCA MOUNTAIN VIEW POOL — 2023 USAGE REPORT FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT> FOR HEALTHY LIVING FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Unduplicated Count: Users # of Visits Month Punch Card Members TOTAL Punch Card Members Drop - In TOTAL Jan 175 95 270 993 682 321 1996 Feb 182 105 287 951 640 198 1789 Mar 197 93 290 1162 725 218 2105 Apr 200 101 301 991 603 300 1894 May 166 105 271 782 611 231 1624 June 151 109 260 781 518 210 1509 July 139 123 262 701 585 233 1519 Aug 153 116 269 774 553 133 1460 Sept 174 101 275 701 391 237 1329 Oct 192 102 294 736 469 116 1321 Nov 190 109 299 801 602 143 1546 Dec 1 198 119 317 1 820 648 1 99 1567 Undupl�icated Count of MV Pod User's 350 300 250 200 1.50 1.00 50 0 .lari Feb IMar Apr May Lurie Dully Aug Seek OCL NOV I:Dec. MV Pod Usage by Month 2500 WWl 1500 1000 500 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June dy Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Comparison to Prior Year UndUphcatecd Count of MV Pod User's 112022 112023 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Feb Mar Apr May June Juy Au g so 0 ct Nov Dec MV Pod Usage by Month 112022 112023 2500 IRENE 1500 1000 500 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June dy Au g No Oct Nov Dec MOUNTAIN VIEW POOL Net Operating Income 01 /01 /2023 -12/31 /2023 REVENUE Mountain View Pool City of Port Townsend Contract 276,000.00 Contributions Family Pool Party Sponsorship - Jefferson Healthcare 400.00 Family Pool Party Sponsorship - Les Schwab 400.00 Membership Dues 80,759.90 Swimming Lessons 10,274.00 Day Use 13,792.00 Punch Cards 48,437.00 Merchandise Sales 402.00 Member Support -12,860.70 TOTAL REVENUE 417,604.20 EXPENSE Wages & Benefits Aquatics 176,494.91 Facilities / Custodial 10,241.26 Member Services 76,128.07 Benefits & Payroll Taxes 23,463.14 Supplies Pool Chemicals 3,298.43 Aquatics 3,865.06 Janitorial Office Other 2,511.13 Maintenance & Repair 4,896.97 Equipment Purchase Travel & Mileage 776.18 Other 2,867.85 Admin Wages & Benefits - Branch Executive (Equivalent) 26,585.57 YMCA Association Admin Allocation 48,063.59 Decrease in Overhead Allocation (NTE 10% of total pool operating expense, which is defined by YMCA + City expenses). 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Approval of Bills, Claims and Warrants: (NONE) B. Approval of Minutes: May 20, 2024 and June 3, 2024 C. Lodging Tax Advisory Committee Establishing Resolution Update - Membership D. County Wildfire Prevention Plan Signature Approval E. Approving the Application for a Public Works Trust Fund Loan/Grant F. TIB Grant Approval Action: Move to adopt the consent agenda or request to remove any individual item from the consent agenda. (Short statements or easily resolved questions are appropriate without removing item from the consent agenda). DRAFT CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND MINUTES OF THE CITY COUNCIL BUSINESS MEETING OF MAY 20, 2024 CALL TO ORDER The Port Townsend City Council met in a Regular Session on the 20th of May 2024 in Council Chambers at 540 Water Street, Port Townsend, WA. Mayor Faber called the meeting to order at 6:03pm. ROLL CALL Councilmembers present at roll call were David Faber, Amy Howard, Monica MickHager, Aislinn Palmer, Owen Rowe, and Ben Thomas with Libby Wennstrom excused. Staff members present were City Manager John Mauro , Public Works Director Steve King , Marketing and Communications Director Shelly Leavens , Planning and Community Development Director Emma Bolin, and City ClerkAlyssa Rodrigues. EXECUTIVE SESSION: PURSUANT TO RCW 42.30.110 (1)(G) PERFORMANCE OF A PUBLIC EMPLOYEE. (APPROXIMATELY 15 MINUTES) Council went into Executive Session at 6:04pm for approximately 15 minutes to discuss Performance of a Public Employee pursuant to RCW 42.30. 11 0(1)(g)). Council came out of Executive Session at 6:19pm. No action was taken. CHANGES TO THE AGENDA Mayor Faber stated consent item E. Safe Routes to Schools and Bike Ped Grant Applications will be placed under New Business as Item "C". SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS Public Works Proclamation Mayor Faber presented the Public Works Proclamation to Public Works Director Steve King. CITY MANAGER'S REPORT City Manager John Mauro provided the City Manager's Report which included Occupational Burnout training, Rhody festival, "How your City Works" program, Quarterly May 20, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 1 of 5 newsletter, and Lawrence St project. DRAFT COMMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC Public comment City Staff Response Public comment was made. CONSENTAGENDA Approval of Bills, Claims and Warrants Approval of Minutes: April 8, 2024 and April 15, 2024 Appointments/Reappointments: Lodging Tax Advisory Committee Delegation of all voting responsibilities on behalf of the City of Port Townsend at the Association of Washington Cities (AWC) Annual Conference in Vancouver, WA, on June 18-21, to Deputy Mayor Amy Howard Authorizing an Update to the Non -Bargaining Employee Position Classification Salary Schedule to add Seasonal Employees for Public Works Projects Motion. Owen Rowe moved to approve the consent agenda. Monica MickHager seconded. Vote. motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. UNFINISHED BUSINESS (NONE) NEW BUSINESS Resolution 24-019 Adopting a Process and Timeline for Filling Vacated City Council Seat, Position #2 John Mauro and City Clerk Alyssa Rodrigues presented Resolution 24-019 Adopting and Process and Timeline for Filling Vacated City Council Seat, Position #2 which included State law, Council Rules and Procedures, community expectation, determination of process details, Agenda Bill details, timeline options, pros and cons, and staff recommendation. In response to Council's clarifying questions staff explained types of questions for application and interview and Executive Session. Public Comment: There was no public comment. May 20, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 2 of 5 DRAFT Discussion ensued around workplan workshop timing, filing week timeline, workshop at next Council meeting, preference for Option B, what is being pushed off from business meetings, July 22 retreat work, interim Committee and External Appointments, modifying Option B, adding special meeting week of July 22 for interviews, deciding on application on June 3, application live 06/05-07/05, potential candidates attending July 22 workshop, reviewing application materials for June 3 meeting, adopting application on June 3, moving interview process up, planning to be done August 12, not having to wait until August 12, Option B as amended, Executive Session to decide candidates on July 15, July 23 for interviews 3-6pm, and Deliberation and Decision on August 5. Motion. Monica MickHager moved to approve Resolution 24-019 Adopting a Process and Timeline for Filling Vacated City Council Seat, Position #2 as following Option B with the amendments. Ben Thomas seconded. Vote. motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. Resolution 24-018 To Begin to Issue Final Decisions on Residential Building Permit Applications Within 90 Calendar Days and Determine a Fee Structure Allowing the City to Provide Consolidated Permit Review Within 90 Calendar Days Effective July 1, 2024 John Mauro introduced Resolution 24-018. Planning and Community Development Director Emma Bolin presented Resolution 24- 018 To Begin to Issue Final Decisions on Residential Building Permit Applications Within 90 Calendar Days and Determine a Fee Structure Allowing the City to Provide Consolidated Permit Review Within 90 Calendar Days Effective July 1, 2024 which included details of grant, Senate Bill 5290 details, competitive amount, getting building permits out as efficient as possible, passing resolution, fee ordinance, consolidated building permit review, residential building permit review, being already compliant with deadlines, relieving staff with on call consultant, upcoming retirement in department, restructuring fees to incentivize middle housing, importance of getting permits out as soon as possible, future proofing, and making procedures better. In response to Council's clarifying questions staff explained maximum award amount, any issues with being within 90-day window, and any staff hesitation to go for grant. Public Comment: Public comment was made. In response to public comment staff explained public doing a good job covering neighborhood meeting, draft white paper, propagating errors of the past, development of housing for income qualified households, and layers of complexity. Discussion ensued around having staff write grant application, keeping money in line with middle housing, housing crisis, lining up well with Comprehensive Plan process, May 20, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 3 of 5 bigger more ambitious goal for turning around permits, technology grant, tied t81NT days, land use and building permit time allocation, stock plan program, auditing land use permit requirements, administrative procedures, and engineering standards. Motion. Aislinn Palmer moved to approve Resolution 24-018 To Begin to Issue Final Decisions on Residential Building Permit Applications Within 90 Calendar Days and Determine a Fee Structure Allowing the City to Provide Consolidated Permit Review Within 90 Calendar Days Effective July 1, 2024 Ben Thomas seconded. Vote. motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. Safe Routes to Schools and Bike Ped Grant Applications John Mauro introduced Safe Routes to Schools and Bike Ped Grant Applications. Public Works Director Steve King presented on Safe Routes to Schools and Bike Ped Grant Applications which included Discovery Rd Safe Routes to school 19th and San Juan, considering developing Safe Routes Master Plan around high school, and granting timeline. In response to Council's clarifying questions staff explained adding planning and construction grant. Public Comment: Public comment was made. Discussion ensued around the proposed action, Discovery Rd, safe route on 20th before housing is built, two different grant programs, Council preferences, working with high school, and Safe Routes being school driven. Motion. Aislinn Palmer moved to approve Safe Routes to Schools and Bike Pedestrian Grant Applications Monica MickHager seconded. Vote. motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. PRESIDING OFFICER'S REPORT Mayor Faber provided the Presiding Officer's Report which included Comprehensive Plan Kick Off event, staff appreciation event, Rhody Parade, Senior Project Symposium, Kiwanis Teen Leaders Award, and Council member Palmers last meeting. SUGGESTIONS FOR NEXT OR FUTURE AGENDA, REGULAR MEETING AND/OR STUDY SESSION Deputy Mayor Howard announced June 15 Discovery Road Grand Opening. Mayor Faber suggested assigning Council Job Description to Culture and Society Committee. May 20, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 4 of 5 DRAFT Motion. Monica MickHager moved send to Culture and Society the task of generating the position description for Council members. Owen Rowe seconded. Vote. motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. COMMENTS FROM COUNCIL Council members stated how they will miss Council member Palmer. ADJOURN There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 7:54pm. Attest: Alyssa Rodrigues City Clerk May 20, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 5 of 5 DRAFT CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND MINUTES OF THE CITY COUNCIL BUSINESS MEETING OF JUNE 3, 2024 CALL TO ORDER The Port Townsend City Council met in a Regular Session on the 3rd day of June 2024 in Council Chambers at 540 Water Street, Port Townsend, WA. Mayor Faber called the meeting to order at 6:00pm. ROLL CALL Councilmembers present at roll call were David Faber, Amy Howard, Monica MickHager, Owen Rowe, Ben Thomas, and Libby Wennstrom. Staff members present were Parks and Recreation Strategy Director Carrie Hite , Facilities and Parks Manager Michael Todd , City Manager John Mauro, and City Clerk Alyssa Rodrigues. CHANGES TO THE AGENDA There were no changes to the agenda. SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS Fort Worden Public Development Authority Strategic Planning Presentation City Manager John Mauro introduced the Fort Worden Public Development Authority Strategic Planning Presentation. Fort Worden PDA Executive Director Celeste Tell presented the Fort Worden Lifelong Learning Center Operations, Management and Governance Strategic Analysis presentation which included Why We Are Here Today, What is the Purpose of This Plan, The Questions We Are Here To Answer, Objectives of This Study, Foundation of Stakeholder Engagement, Headlines of Stakeholder Engagement, Key Issues and Constraints, Framing the Economic Value of Fort Worden, Key Recommendations, Key Recommendation #1, Key Recommendation #2, Key Recommendation #3, Key Recommendation#4, Key Recommendation#5, Key Recommendation #6, Key Recommendation #7, and Briefing timeline/ next steps. Discussion ensued around appreciation for the report, looking forward to report, amount of work done, timeline for implementation, Aramark, improvements with Fort Worden Hospitality and PDA, contract requirements, importance of local involvement, collaboration with State Parks, clarity of problems, economic impact study, and challenging work. June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 1 of 7 DRAFT CITY MANAGER'S REPORT City Manager John Mauro provided the City Manager's Report which included water main break at Mountain View Campus, Deputy Public Works Director, Coffee with the City Manager, Coffee with a Cop, Discovery Road Celebration, Comprehensive Plan, Farmers Market, R2AK, SEVENTY48, AWC CARES funding, Financial Sustainability, ICMAAward, and pool reopening timeline. COMMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC Public comment There was no public comment. City Staff Response In response to written public comment staff explained leash laws CONSENT AGENDA Approval of Bills, Claims and Warrants Approval of Minutes: April 29, 2024, May 6, 2024 Appointments/Reappointments and Term Expiration: Arts Commission Resolution 24-020 Declaring an Emergency, Waiving Public Bidding Requirements, and Ratifying the City Manager's Approval of all Applicable Documents to Allow for the Immediate Repair of Water Damage to Mountain View Campus Resolution 24-021 Joint Resolution of the Board of County Commissioners and Port Townsend City Council Setting an Updated Climate Emissions Goal and New Sequestration Goal, Repealing and Replacing County Resolution No. 44-07 and City Resolution No. 07-022 Minor Revision of the City's Personnel Policies Manual Section 3.3 (3) to Remove the October 15 Limitation for Seasonal Work Council member Thomas made a comment about Item C explaining term expiration being in title but not being included in agenda bill and stated he will ask for a tasking resolution to be given to Culture and Society related to term expiration. Council member Rowe made a comment about Item E explaining the large amount of work done. June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 2 of 7 DRAFT Motion: Owen Rowe moved to approve the consent agenda. Amy Howard seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. UNFINISHED BUSINESS Resolution 24-024 Agreeing on an Application Form, Questions, an Interview Approach, and Criteria for Filling Vacated City Council Seat, Position #2 John Mauro presented Resolution 24-024 Agreeing on an Application Form, Questions, an Interview Approach, and Criteria for Filling Vacated City Council Seat, Position #2 which included Option B Amended, Updated Attachments, Attachment A, and finalize application. In response to Council's clarifying questions discussion ensued around order of discussion. Public Comment: There was no public comment. Discussion ensued around resume size, resume being optional, "please feel free to attach a resume", suggestion questions, length of space to answer questions, amount of interview questions, needing to make sure Council answers questions asked of them, time limitations, adding a question asking if there is anything additional they would like to say, 5 pages for answers, removing "what questions do you have for us", adding "is there anything else you want us to know", "Do you reside in the Port Townsend City Limits for the last year", change #3 to state, "what experience and skills do you have that you believe would be in assistance for the role as a City Council person", #4 removing "what's most important to you" and shorten to ,"how do you most effectively work with others", adding interview questions to application questions, types of leadership, changing #3 to state, "what experience and skills would you bring to the role of a City Council member", and keeping second question in #3. Discussion continued around responsibilities of a Council member, replacing the second "your' in the first sentence with "City Council members responsibilities", #8 removing the word "describe", open ended interviews, bringing interview questions, roundtable interview process, too many questions on application, finish every interview with, "Do you have any questions for us", suggested ranking criteria, where are applications published, what is shared with the public, date of birth, change to ,"are you over the age of 18", must be registered voter, decision making process, ranked choice, application as amended, citizen of the State of Washington, and how to find application. Motion: Owen Rowe moved to approve Resolution 24-024 Agreeing on an Application Form, Questions, an Interview Approach, and Criteria for Filling Vacated City Council Seat, Position #2 with changes as discussed. Monica MickHager seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. NEW BUSINESS June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 3 of 7 DRAFT PROS Plan Amendment Parks and Recreation Strategy Director Carrie Hite and Facilities and Parks Manager Michael Todd presented the PROS Plan Amendment which included several categories of changes, timeliness to make changes before Comprehensive Plan, Golf Park plan, 12th and 13th and Hancock potential park, controversy with neighbor, design of park, no parking or toilet, no grill or reservations, posting signs and park rules, picnic shelter, mitigating noise from park, 60 ft fence, code variance for fence, shrubbery being added without code variance, authorizing changes to the PROS plan, updating before accepted into Comprehensive Plan, making City more competitive with RCO grants, and updating spelling errors. In response to Council's clarifying questions staff explained design criteria for park, Golf Park vs Golf Course wording, and 12th vs. 13th St wording. Public Comment: Public comment was made. In response to public comment staff explained meeting with commenter and the decision being a Council decision. Discussion ensued around neighborhood/active park, "classes" vs. "course", scriveners' errors, updating names of parks, appreciation for update, document comments regarding updates, and Golf Park name and DBA. Motion: Monica MickHager moved to authorize the City Manager to approve redlined changes to the PROS Plan to be submitted to RCO as part of the update. Owen Rowe seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. Resolution 24-022 for the New West Side Park 24-1695 Carrie Hite and Michael Todd presented Resolution 24-022 for the New West Side Park 24-1695 which included standard State of Washington RCO office resolution, authorizing the submission of RCO grants, already submitted but can be pulled back, and grants due May 1. In response to Council's clarifying questions staff explained what decisions Council needs to make, fence estimate, rolls into grant, and cost of variance. Public Comment: Public comment was made. June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 4 of 7 Discussion ensued around fence/shrubbery, preference of shrubbery, possibly &hb nothing, proposed fence line on site plan, vegetation where fence would go, proposed path material, who decides what species is going in, who maintains the species, existing path, neighborhood park, street parking, high quality of life, Cherry St park, shrubbery better at absorbing sound, wooded park, handicap accessibility, utilities, and water on site. Mayor Faber disclosed that he owns a property a couple of blocks away from the park underway with a permit application but stated it will not affect his vote. Motion: Monica MickHager moved to approve Resolution 24-022 for the New West Side Park 24-1695 and authorize City Manager to submit and carry out all actions related to the RCO grant for the 12th and Hancock Park as per staff recommendations. Ben Thomas seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 5-0 by voice vote. Mayor Faber abstained from the vote. Resolution 24-023 for the Golf Park Playground 24-1610 Carrie Hite and Michael Todd presented Resolution 24-023 for the Golf Park Playground 24-1610 which included RCO Grant Resolution from the State, walk through in December, submitted an RFP, committee, shortlist to 3, Great Western, inclusive playground, good add to Port Townsend park system, including natural elements, 4500 sq ft, and staff recommendation. Public Comment: There was no public comment. Discussion ensued around natural elements in park, various levels of accessibility, picnic shelter, nature play vs. accessibility, earth work, Salish Coast Elementary feedback, age inclusivity, swings, shade, playground equipment that does not get hot in sun, and importance of putting by Clubhouse. Motion: Owen Rowe moved to approve Resolution 24-023 for the Golf Park Playground 24-1610 and authorize the City Manager to submit and carry out all actions related to the RCO grant for the Golf Park Playground. Ben Thomas seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. Exhibit C Agenda Format, Exhibit F(1) Legislative Public Hearing Procedures - Script, and Tasking Resolution John Mauro introduced Exhibit C Agenda Format, Exhibit F(1) Legislative Public Hearing Procedures- Script, and Tasking Resolution. Council member Rowe presented the Exhibit C Agenda Format, Exhibit F(1) June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 5 of 7 Legislative Public Hearing Procedures -Script, and Tasking Resolution which DRAFT included attachment explanation, Culture and Society tasking, reviewing thoroughly, and tasking Workshop Agenda. Public Comment: There was no public comment. Discussion ensued around appreciation for clean up on Public Hearing script, General Public Comment during Workshop or Special Meetings, recommended action, continuation of Public Hearing, hybrid meeting structure language, changing to, "all persons wishing to be heard are encouraged to either sign in at the table in front or raise your hand using the meeting software", and no additional material language. Motion: Owen Rowe moved to approve Exhibit C- `Agenda Format" and Exhibit F(1) "Legislative Public Hearing Procedures- Script" as amended and task Culture and Society with creating a Workshop Agenda sample to include in the Council Rules Exhibits. Libby Wennstrom seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. PRESIDING OFFICER'S REPORT Mayor Faber provided the Presiding Officer's Report which included the Kiwanis Teen LeaderAward, Port Townsend Golf Park newsletter, 4th Grade City Hall Field Trip, Pride in the Park, article about Appointment Process, Brass Screw event proclamation, and Discovery Road Grand Opening Celebration. SUGGESTIONS FOR NEXT OR FUTURE AGENDA, REGULAR MEETING AND/OR STUDY SESSION There were no suggestions. COMMENTS FROM COUNCIL Deputy Mayor Howard stated it is Brass Screw Consortium, Councilmembers Rowe, Howard, and MickHager have been accepted for cohort for the Washington Collaborative Elected Leaders Institute, will present at AWC conference with Commerce on deeply affordable housing, June 27 How Streets Are Built presentation at Library, and interview about Equity, Access, and Rights Advisory Board. Council member Thomas stated the term expiration process needs to be cleaned up. Motion: Ben Thomas moved task Culture and Society Committe to review and update Article 4, specifically items 6 and 9 of the revised Council Rules of Procedures. Owen Rowe seconded. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. EXECUTIVE SESSION: PURSUANT TO RCW 42.30.110 (1)(G) PERFORMANCE OF A PUBLIC EMPLOYEE. (APPROXIMATELY 20 MINUTES) June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 6 of 7 DRAFT Council went into Executive Session at 8:37pm for approximately 20 minutes to discuss Performance of a Public Employee pursuant to RCW 42.30.110(1)(g)). Mayor Faber stated action will be taken. Council came out of Executive Session at 8:57pm. Mayor Faber announced they will be extending Executive Session for 10 more minutes. Council came out of Executive Session at 9:07pm. Mayor Faber announced they will be extending Executive Session for 5 more minutes. Council came out of Executive Session at 9:12pm. Mayor Faber announced they will be extending Executive Session for 5 more minutes. Council came out of Executive Session at 9:17pm. Mayor Faber explained the City Manager Evaluation and salary increase. Motion: Monica MickHager moved increase City Manager John Mauro's salary by 9% to start immediately. Owen Rowe seconded. Discussion ensued around transparency to the public and missed increase last year. Vote: motion carried unanimously, 6-0 by voice vote. ADJOURN There being no further business the meeting adjourned at 9:20pm. Attest: Alyssa Rodrigues City Clerk June 3, 2024 City Council Business Meeting Page 7 of 7 City0fPort T Townson Agenda Bill AB 24-105 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: Consent VILC ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Submitted By: Alyssa Rodrigues, City Clerk Date Submitted: June 26, 2024 Department: Administration Contact Phone: 360-379-5045 SUBJECT: Resolution 24-026 Providing Composition, Terms of Office, Procedural Rules, and Repealing all Previously Adopted Resolutions Regarding the Lodging Tax Advisory Committee CATEGORY: BUDGET IMPACT: No impact 0 Consent ❑ Resolution Expenditure Amount: $ ❑ Staff Report ❑ Ordinance Included in Budget? Yes 0 No❑ ❑ Contract Approval ❑ Other: Discussion Item ❑ Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: Choose an item, . The Lodging Tax Advisory Committee Establishing Resolution was first created in 2001. Since then, there have been multiple updates. These updates are listed below: • The City Council adopted Resolution 01-014 on March 19, 2001 providing for the composition, terms of office and procedural rules for the Lodging Tax Advisory Committee (LTAC). • The City Council adopted Resolution 04-009 on February 17, 2004, amending Resolution 01-014 to provide for staggered terms. • The City Council adopted Resolution 06-012 on May 1, 2006 amending Resolution 04-009 revising the composition of non -voting members • The City Council adopted Resolution 08-032 on August 18, 2008 further amending Resolution 04-009 to remove the membership residency requirement but in doing so left out the amended text from Resolution 06-012. Due to the missing amended text from Resolution 06-012 the Lodging Tax Advisory Committee and staff would like City Council to approve Resolution put before you today combining all previous amendments in a new resolution and repealing all previously adopted resolutions to provide clarity ATTACHMENTS: Resolution 24-026 CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: If adopted as part of the consent agenda, no further action is needed; this effectively represents unanimous approval of Resolution 24-026 Providing Composition, Terms of Office, Procedural Rules, and Repealing all Previously Adopted Resolutions Regarding the Lodging Tax Advisory Committee ALTERNATIVES: ❑x Take No Action ❑ Refer to Committee ❑ Refer to Staff ❑ Postpone Action ❑x Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance ❑ Other: Resolution 24-026 RESOLUTION 24-026 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON, PROVIDING COMPOSITION, TERMS OF OFFICE, PROCEDURAL RULES, AND REPEALING ALL PREVIOUSLY ADOPTED RESOLUTIONS REGARDING THE LODGING TAX ADVISORY COMMITTEE WHEREAS, the City Council adopted Resolution 01-014 on March 19, 2001 providing for the composition, terms of office and procedural rules for the Lodging Tax Advisory Committee (LTAC); and WHEREAS, the City Council adopted Resolution 04-009 on February 17, 2004, amending Resolution 01-014 to provide for staggered terms; and WHEREAS, the City Council adopted Resolution 06-012 on May 1, 2006 amending Resolution 04-009 revising the composition of non -voting members; and WHEREAS, the City Council adopted Resolution 08-032 on August 18, 2008 further amending Resolution 04-009 to remove the membership residency requirement but in doing so left out the amended text from Resolution 06-012; and WHEREAS, the City Council determines it appropriate to combine all previous amendments in a new resolution and repeal all previously adopted resolutions to provide clarity. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Port Townsend as follows: Resolution 01-014, Resolution 04-009, Resolution 06-012, and Resolution 08-032 are repealed in their entirety and replaced as follows: SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT, AUTHORITY AND SCOPE OF WORK The Lodging Tax Advisory Committee (LTAC) was established by Ordinance 2607, codified in PTMC Ch. 2.74, with authority and function as provided in PTMC 2.74.060, as amended. The Committee shall be subject to the general provisions in Article 4 of City Council Rules of Procedure pertaining to General Rules Applicable to Citizen Advisory Boards, and this Resolution, including any amendments thereto. SECTION 2. TERM OF BOARD — SUNSET PROVISION. This committee shall continue in existence, subject to further city council resolution. No sunset provision is established. SECTION 3. MEMBERSHIP The lodging tax advisory committee shall consist of 11 voting members, plus up to 3 nonvoting members, for a total of 11 voting members and up to 14 members total (including up to 3 nonvoting members). Resolution 24-026 SECTION 4. MEMBER REQUIREMENTS. All members of the committee must have a demonstrated interest in and knowledge of the economic development needs of the City of Port Townsend and the role of tourism in shaping the city's future. The mayor shall nominate members for the committee for appointment by the city council. In making the nomination, the mayor shall consider names submitted by the lodging tax advisory committee and any other source, including, but not limited to: civic groups and organizations involved in tourism promotion and economic development, including those organizations listed in PTMC 2.74.020(A) herein; organizations representing businesses required to collect the lodging tax; and organizations involved in activities authorized to be funded by lodging tax revenues. Members shall be as follows: A. Voting Members. 1. One member shall be an elected official of the City of Port Townsend, who shall serve as chair. 2. Four members shall be representatives of businesses or entities required to collect the lodging tax, with consideration given to, but not limited to, the following categories of organizations and business entities: conference centers; bed and breakfast establishments; hotels; motels; and camping facilities. 3. Four members shall be persons involved in activities authorized to be funded by revenue received from the lodging tax, with consideration given to, but not limited to, the following categories of organizations: business and visitor information services; cultural and heritage organizations; recreational and environmental organizations; and educational organizations. 4. Two voting members shall be at -large members, who shall not conduct business as staff or officer of any business or entity required to collect the lodging tax or any activity or organization authorized to be funded by revenue received from the lodging tax. The appointment may be a named person of an entity or organization, and authorize the named person to designate an alternate, or may be a person named by an entity or organization, for example, "The director of Centrum, or any designee of the director who is a member of Centrum," or "Any member (including any alternate member) of Centrum designated by Centrum to be the LTAC member." B. Nonvoting Members. In addition to voting members, there may be up to 3 nonvoting members, with consideration given to members who represent broad community interests. SECTION 5. TERMS OF OFFICE. Appointments to the lodging tax advisory board shall be for a three-year term, with members appointed for tenure and position as provided in "LTAC Positions and Terms of Office." 2 Resolution 24-026 (attached and incorporated by reference), which provides that initial appointments following adoption of this Resolution shall be staggered from (generally) one to three years. ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Port Townsend at a regular meeting thereof, held this 1st day of July, 2024. David Faber Mayor Attest: Alyssa Rodrigues City Clerk Resolution 24-026 LTAC Positions and Terms of Office Position Number Position Term Endin Position No. 1 Elected Official / 1 As appointed by the Mayor Position No. 2 At Large / 2 May 1, 2026 Position No. 3 At Large / 2 May 1, 2025 Position No. 4 Recipient / 3 May 1, 2025 Position No. 5 Recipient / 3 May 1, 2027 Position No. 6 Recipient / 3 May 1, 2025 Position No. 7 Recipient / 3 May 1, 2025 Position No. 8 Collector / 4 May 1, 2025 Position No. 9 Collector / 4 May 1, 2025 Position No. 10 Collector / 4 May 1, 2026 Position No. 11 Collector / 4 May 1, 2027 * Following the Term Ending, the next Term, and each succeeding Term, is 3 Years expiring on May 1. 1 / Elected Official — One member shall be an elected official of the City of Port Townsend, who shall serve as chair. 2 / At Large — Two voting members shall be at -large members, who shall not conduct business as staff or officer of any business or entity required to collect the lodging tax or any activity or organization authorized to be funded by revenue received from the lodging tax. 3 / Recipient - Four members shall be persons involved in activities authorized to be funded by revenue received from the lodging tax, with consideration given to, but not limited to, the following categories of organizations: business and visitor information services; cultural and heritage organizations; recreational and environmental organizations; and educational organizations. 4 / Collector — Four members shall be representatives of businesses or entities required to collect the lodging tax, with consideration given to, but not limited to, the following categories of organizations and business entities: conference centers; bed and breakfast establishments; hotels; motels; and camping facilities. 4 City0f Port ' m�10 Townsen Submitted By: Emma Bolin Department: PCD Agenda Bill AB24-106 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: Consent VILD ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Date Submitted: July 1, 2024 Contact Phone: 360-390-4048 SUBJECT: Jefferson County Community Wildfire Prevention Plan Signature CATEGORY: BUDGET IMPACT: ❑x Consent ❑ Resolution Expenditure Amount: $ ❑ Staff Report ❑ Ordinance Included in Budget? Yes ❑ No ❑ ❑ Contract Approval ❑ Other: Discussion Item ❑ Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: Choose an item, . SUMMARY STATEMENT: Jefferson County, in collaboration with SWCA Environmental Consultants, initiated the public review period for the 2024 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP). The comment period ended May 15, 2024. On May 6, 2024, City and East Jefferson Fire Rescue Chief Black briefed Council on the Plan. This collaborative effort with the City, DNR, East Jefferson Fire Rescue and other Fire Districts within the county aims to enhance the safety and resilience of our community from uncharacteristic wildfires, prioritizing the protection of lives, property, and valued resources. As a partner to the process, City staff assisted on an Advisory Group for the draft Plan. The CWPP identifies relative risk for wildfire and the various strategies to prevent and mitigate risk. The county has a dedicated web site J,g,f , rs.o,no,Un"tWPP Haub Site Cwhere the plan and interactive map dashboards are viewable. There was a signing ceremony at the Board of County Commissioners meeting July 1st at 1 lam. The County has requested that partners sign the plan to indicate their participation, review, and support of the plan. Alignment across county partners is viewed favorably by Department of Natural Resources who must review and approve the plans. It also can aid grant opportunities. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Jefferson ,,,, , ,ty,,,, o i n ii ty,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Wildfire, ,i,,,,,,,,, Prevention i,,,,,,,,,,,,, Plan ,,,,, 2. Signature page to be walked on at the meeting CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: If adopted as part of the consent agenda, no further action is needed; this effectively represents approval of the Council for the Mayor to sign the Jefferson County Community Wildfire Prevention Plan. ALTERNATIVES: 0 Take No Action ❑ Refer to Committee ❑ Refer to Staff ❑ Postpone Action 0 Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance ❑ Other: 1 111IMMIRIEFIll We would like to formally thank the Advisory Group and all stakeholders, notably Jefferson County, all Fire Departments and Fire Protection Districts including Brinnon Fire Department, Clallam County Fire District No. 1 and 3, Discovery Bay Volunteer Fire & Rescue, East Jefferson Fire Rescue, Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 7, Quilcene Fire Rescue, Jefferson Land Trust, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, the Hoh Indian Tribe, Quinault Indian Nation, Olympic Interagency Fire Management Zone, Jefferson Public Utility District, the City of Port Townsend, Olympic National Forest, Port Ludlow Village Council, and the U.S. Navy, for contributing their time and expertise throughout the planning process. Your participation in formulating this document will contribute to creating resilient landscapes, implementing public education, reducing structural ignitability, and ensuring safe and effective wildfire response. This plan was prepared by the following members of the SWCA team: Emily Geery, Vicky Amato, Lexi Roberts, Ryan Saggese, Liz Hitzfelder, Erica Jansen, and Christian Testerman Funding for this project was provided by the Secure Rural Schools Act Title 111. For additional information, questions, or concerns regarding this project, please contact Project Manager Emily Geery at q e.ry .swc .:cprr We would like to thank our partners who contributed to this project. Ladris Al developed the Evacuation Analysis. Jerry McAdams, MC Fire LLC, and Justice Jones, Wildfire Justice LLC, developed the Building Code Recommendations, Appendix 1. In memory of Chris Goy, whose passion and leadership helped spark this project's beginning and will ensure its successful completion —serving as a lasting tribute to his beloved community and our surrounding forests. For all your planning and implementation needs, please visit www..swc .:_cgm.. swcor ("C") 61 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS The purpose of the risk assessment process described herein is solely to provide a community and landscape -level overview of general wildfire risks within County as of the date hereof, and to provide a potential resource for community pre -fire planning. This risk assessment process is premised on various assumptions and models which include and are based upon data, software tools, and other information provided by third parties (collectively, "Third -Party Information and Tools"). SWCA, Incorporated, doing business as SWCA Environmental Consultants ("SWCA") relied on various Third -Party Information and Tools in the preparation of this Plan and SWCA shall have no liability to any party in connection with this Plan including, without limitation, as a result of incomplete or inaccurate Third -Party Information and Tools used in the preparation hereof. SWCA hereby expressly disclaims any responsibility for the accuracy or reliability of the Third -Party Information and Tools relied upon by SWCA in preparing this Plan. SWCA shall have no liability for any damage, loss (including loss of life), injury, property damage, or other damages whatsoever arising from or in connection with the risk assessment products contained herein, including any person's use or reliance on the information contained in those risk assessment products. Any reproduction or dissemination of the risk assessment products or any portion hereof shall include the entirety of this Plan disclaimer. Impacts to communities from wildfires are becoming increasingly common. In recent years, there have been many fires in western Washington resulting in evacuations and other impacts to local communities. It's crucial for the communities of Jefferson County, especially those in eastern Jefferson County, to be prepared for the impact of a wildfire. We live in a fire -prone area where wildfire has the potential to affect our health and safety, local economy, infrastructure, and environmental ecosystems. Understanding these impacts empowers the community to develop proactive measures and strategies to mitigate the risks. A community wildfire protection plan (CWPP) has multiple benefits to the community, including providing our eligibility to unlock federal and state funding sources for preparedness and mitigation efforts that would not be accessible otherwise. With the future of a state -adopted Wildland-Urban Interface Code uncertain, a CWPP also helps fill the void with recommendations for defensible space, fuels reduction, and other mitigation measures. Jefferson County has programs in place for flood damage prevention, earthquake preparedness, and other substantial events, and the addition of this CWPP is another tool to aid in community resiliency. A CWPP is a key element in increasing public awareness and education, as well as establishing strategies for a stronger, healthier, more resilient community. This effort is a proactive approach to prevention, preparedness and response, and can also help facilitate a robust recovery after a destructive event. Jefferson County is proud to introduce a multiyear effort with stakeholders from the community, service agencies, and social partners from across the region. Jefferson County CWPP Advisory Group ExecutiveSummary ..............................................................................................................................ES-1 Chapter1 — Introduction.............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Goal of a Community Wildfire Protection Plan..............................................................................2 1.2 Plan Alignment with the National Cohesive Strategy.................................................................... 2 1.3 Advisory Group..............................................................................................................................4 1.4 Public Involvement........................................................................................................................5 1.5 Planning Area Geography.............................................................................................................6 1.5.1 Land Ownership................................................................................................................ 8 1.5.2 Roads and Transportation.................................................................................................8 1.5.3 Topography.....................................................................................................................10 1.5.4 Population.......................................................................................................................11 1.5.5 Social Vulnerability..........................................................................................................11 1.5.6 Recreation.......................................................................................................................14 1.5.7 Vegetation and Land Cover............................................................................................14 1.5.8 Forest Health Considerations..........................................................................................16 1.5.9 Wildlife.............................................................................................................................18 Chapter 2 — Fire Environment..................................................................................................................21 2.1 Wildland-Urban Interface............................................................................................................21 2.1.1 Wildland-Urban Interface Land Use................................................................................25 2.1.2 Fuels and Topography Within the Wildland-Urban Interface..........................................25 2.2 Fire Regimes...............................................................................................................................27 2.2.1 Sitka Spruce.................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.2 Douglas -Fir -Western Hemlock........................................................................................28 2.2.3 Western Redcedar.......................................................................................................... 29 2.2.4 Silver Fir -Mountain hemlock............................................................................................29 2.2.5 Subalpine Fir................................................................................................................... 30 2.3 Climate and Weather Patterns....................................................................................................32 Page i i Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2.4 Fire History..................................................................................................................................35 2.4.1 Recent Fire Occurrence.................................................................................................. 36 2.5 Fire Response.............................................................................................................................43 2.5.1 Local Response...............................................................................................................43 2.5.2 State Response...............................................................................................................48 2.5.3 Federal Response...........................................................................................................48 2.5.4 Mutual Aid.......................................................................................................................51 2.5.5 Emergency Notifications and Evacuation.......................................................................52 2.5.6 Water Availability and Supply.......................................................................................... 54 Chapter 3 — Wildland-Urban Interface Risk and Hazard........................................................................57 3.1 Purpose....................................................................................................................................... 57 3.2 Field Assessments...................................................................................................................... 58 3.3 Composite Risk -Hazard Model Inputs........................................................................................59 3.3.1 Fire Behavior Modeling Approach...................................................................................59 3.3.2 Fire Behavior Modelling Platforms.................................................................................. 61 3.3.3 Fire Behavior Model Inputs.............................................................................................61 3.3.4 Fire Behavior Model Outputs.......................................................................................... 64 3.4 Composite Risk -Hazard Model Results...................................................................................... 67 3.5 Community Values...................................................................................................................... 70 3.5.1 Natural Values.................................................................................................................71 3.5.2 Socioeconomic Values....................................................................................................73 3.5.3 Cultural Values................................................................................................................74 Chapter 4 — Mitigation Strategies............................................................................................................ 75 4.1 Goal 1: Restore and Maintain Landscapes.................................................................................75 4.1.1 Recommendations for Hazardous Fuel Modification...................................................... 76 4.2 Goal 2: Fire -Adapted Communities.............................................................................................95 4.2.1 Recommendations for Public Education and Outreach .................................................. 95 4.2.2 Recommendations for Reducing Structural Ignitability................................................... 95 4.3 Goal 3: Wildfire Response........................................................................................................ 103 4.3.1 Recommendations for Improving Fire Response Capabilities......................................103 Chapter 5 — Monitoring and Evaluation................................................................................................111 5.1 Implementation..........................................................................................................................112 5.2 Plan Evaluation.........................................................................................................................112 5.3 Timeline for Updating the Plan..................................................................................................114 Abbreviations and Acronyms................................................................................................................115 Glossary...................................................................................................................................................117 References...............................................................................................................................................127 Page I ii Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan kw Appendix A: Existing Regulations, Ordinances, and Programs Appendix B: Supporting Maps Appendix C: CWPP Field Assessments for Wildland-Urban Interface Communities Appendix D: Funding Sources and Programs Appendix E: Home Hardening and Fuel Treatment Methods Appendix F: Post -Fire Response and Restoration Appendix G: Community Survey Results Appendix H: Recommendations Appendix I: Building Code Recommendations Appendix J: Evacuation Analysis Appendix K: Evacuation Recommendations FIGURES Figure 1.1. The CWPP incorporates the three primary goals of the Cohesive Strategy with post - fire recovery to serve as holistic plan for fire prevention and resilience ............................... Figure 1.2. Jefferson County planning area....................................................................................... Figure 1.3. Jefferson County land ownership.................................................................................... Figure 1.4. Mountainous, tree -covered landscape in Jefferson County where topography may contribute to more intense wildfire behavior......................................................................... Figure 1.5. Lower -lying landscape in Jefferson County showing the contrast between topographic hazards................................................................................................................................. Figure 1.6. Disadvantaged communities in Jefferson County as designated by the Council of Environmental Quality, Esri................................................................................................... Figure 1.7. Jefferson County existing vegetation cover..................................................................... Figure 2.1. WUI in Jefferson County.................................................................................................. Figure 2.2. Example of the WUI Intermix in Port Townsend.............................................................. Figure 2.3. Example of the WUI Intermix in Marrowstone Island ....................................................... Figure 2.4. Fuels across Jefferson County........................................................................................ Figure 2.5. Mean fire return intervals across Jefferson County......................................................... Figure 2.6. Mean average temperature in Quilcene.......................................................................... Figure 2.7. Average total precipitation in Chimacum......................................................................... Figure 2.8. Average total precipitation and mean average temperature in the Olympic Peninsula... Figure 2.9. Historic fire perimeters for Jefferson County from 1900 through 2022 ............................ Figure 2.10. Fire incidents for Jefferson County from 1970 through 2023........................................ Figure 2.11. Fire occurrence density map illustrating fires per square mile ...................................... Figure 2.12. Paradise Fire of 2015 burning in Queets Valley............................................................ Figure 2.13. Decadal wildfire frequency in Jefferson County from 1900 through 2023..................... Figure 2.14. Jefferson County fire size statistics per decade from 1900 through 2023.................... Figure 2.15. Jefferson County acres burned per decade from 1900 through 2023........................... Figure 2.16. Jefferson County fire causes from 1920 through 2023................................................. Figure 2.17. Jefferson County monthly fire frequency from 1900 through 2023 ............................... Figure 2.18. Mobilization flowchart for the region.............................................................................. 3 7 9 10 11 13 15 23 24 24 26 31 33 34 34 37 38 39 40 41 41 42 42 43 44 Page I iii Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Figure 2.19. Fire response zones and fire station locations.......................................................................45 Figure 3.1. Three primary modes of wildfire spread: 1) fire spread along the surface (e.g., grasses, shrubs) (Image A), 2) fire spread through the tree canopy (e.g., ladder fuels) (Image B), and 3) spotting (embers) (Image C).............................................................................60 Figure 3.2. Demonstration of the effect of topography and wind patterns on fire behavior ........................65 Figure 3.3. Composite Risk -Hazard Model breakdown..............................................................................66 Figure 3.4. Composite Risk -Hazard Model overlay process.......................................................................67 Figure 3.5. Composite Risk -Hazard Model for Jefferson County............................................................... 69 Figure 3.6. Example of scenic viewsheds present within Jefferson County ............................................... 72 Figure 3.7. Example of a socioeconomic value: timber industry lands. Wildfire impact could result in the loss of valuable timber resources and disrupt the supply chain..........................................73 Figure 3.8. An example of a cultural value, the National Register of Historic Places —listed EnchantedValley Chalet................................................................................................................74 Figure 4.1. Existing fuel treatments across all jurisdictions........................................................................78 Figure 4.2. Areas of concern developed during the CWPP planning process within Jefferson County............................................................................................................................................ 79 Figure 5.1. Plan evaluations steps for CWPPs.........................................................................................113 Table1.1. Advisory Group............................................................................................................................4 Table 1.2. Land Ownership within Jefferson County.................................................................................... 8 Table 1.3. Federally and State -Listed Threatened and Endangered Species that May Occur in JeffersonCounty............................................................................................................................ 19 Table 3.1. Fuel Model Classification for the Jefferson County Planning Area ............................................ 62 Table 3.2. Composite Risk -Hazard Model Inputs, Sources, and Weights..................................................68 Table 4.1. Areas of Concern Recommendations........................................................................................80 Table 4.2. Recommendations for Creating Resilient Landscapes (Hazardous Fuels Modification) ........... 87 Table 4.3. Recommendations for Creating Fire -Adapted Communities (Public Education and StructuralIgnitability)...................................................................................................................... 97 Table 4.4. Recommendations for Safe, Effective, Risk -based Wildfire Response...................................105 Table 5.1. Recommended Monitoring Strategies......................................................................................111 Page I iv Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE JEFFERSON COUNTY COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION PLAN? The purpose of the 2024 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) update is to • provide a countywide scale of wildfire risk and protection needs, • bring together all responsible wildfire management and suppression entities in the planning area to address identified needs, and • provide a framework for future planning and implementation of necessary mitigation measures. This CWPP aims to assist in protecting human life and reducing property loss due to wildfire throughout the county. This 2024 Plan was compiled from reports, documents, and data, as Jefferson County's first CWPP. This CWPP has been developed in response to the federal Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (HFRA). The CWPP meets the requirements of the HFRA by addressing the following: • Having been developed collaboratively by multiple agencies at the state and local levels in consultation with federal agencies and other interested parties. • Prioritizing and identifying fuel modification treatments and recommending the types and methods of treatments to protect at -risk communities and pertinent infrastructure. • Suggesting multi -party mitigation, monitoring, and outreach. • Recommending measures and action items that residents and communities can take to reduce the ignitability of structures. • Soliciting input from the public on the draft CWPP. WHAT ARE THE KEY ISSUES ADDRESSED? Below are descriptions of the key issues addressed in this CWPP concerning fuels, fire response, and the development of fire -adapted communities. Fuels -Related Issues: • Map wildfire risk across the county and assess communities for structural ignitability and wildfire preparedness. • Recommend fuel treatments for land management agencies and homeowners to mitigate hazard and risk. Ensure that residents are not complacent regarding their wildfire risk. • Prioritize hazardous fuels reduction in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). • Raise awareness about the natural role that fire plays in ecosystems and maintaining resilient landscapes. Page i ES-1 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan • Use constant and consistent messaging for residents and visitors. • Address fuel loads on and adjacent to roadways. • Provide landscaping and defensible space guides to aid residents in making their homes and landscapes fire resilient. • Identify approaches and resources for educating tourists on the fire environment and their role in protecting resources. • Jefferson County offers excellent recreational opportunities, attracting numerous tourists, particularly during the summer months. Identify approaches and resources for educating tourists on the fire environment and their role in protecting resources, as well as establishing evacuation routes for recreationists. • Assess evacuation routes and notifications to identify opportunities for improvement and clarity in evacuation resources. • A large portion of the county is owned by timber companies emphasizing long-term production, maintaining multiple age classes, and replanting post -harvest. The CWPP should be implemented with a focus on reducing the impact of wildfire on valuable timber resources. Fire Response: • Invest in and support fire response at all levels. • Bolster fire response in rural areas, most notably on the west side of the county. People and Fire -Adapted Communities: • Conduct public education and outreach to homeowners to enable individuals to reduce the risk of fire to their properties, particularly with an emphasis on the importance of personal responsibility in rural areas as additional time is required for fire response to remote communities. • Manage fire to protect values and accomplish resource management goals, including protection and enhancement of wildlife habitat, water supply and quality, and mitigation against forest insect and disease outbreaks. • Plan for future fire risk with attention to climate change and its effects on vegetation and the wildland fire environment. • Address community concerns and vulnerable locations. • Collaboratively plan fuels treatment projects and address mitigation actions across jurisdictions and with multiple agencies. • Implement special consideration and planning for socially vulnerable populations. HOW IS THE PLAN ORGANIZED? The CWPP provides a risk assessment, action items, project recommendations, and background information about Jefferson County's wildland fire environment as well as land management plans and agencies. Most of the background information is housed in several appendices. Chapter 1 provides a general overview of the CWPP; information on the Advisory Group, planning area, land ownership, and public involvement; and background information on planning area components such as transportation routes, population, and vegetation and ecology. Page I ES-2 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Chapter includes an overview of the fire environment in the county and response resources. WUI conditions are discussed along with broader county fire regimes, climate patterns, and past fire events in the county. Chapter describes the field assessment, Composite Risk -Hazard Model data inputs, and valued community resources. Chapter provides mitigation strategies in accordance with the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy goals of restoring and maintaining landscapes, fostering fire -adapted communities, and safe and effective wildfire response. Each Cohesive Strategy goal includes recommendations for the county to improve on these goals. Chapter 5 presents monitoring strategies to assist in tracking project progress and in evaluating work accomplished. Appendix A discusses ordinances, legislation, and land management strategies that dictate fire mitigation and response approaches. This section is broken out into local, state, federal, and tribal directives and includes information on previous planning efforts. Appendix B presents additional supporting maps related to fuels and the Composite Risk -Hazard Assessment. Appendix C includes community -specific information from the field assessments including community maps, the rating given to each community, and key observations. Appendix D lists funding sources and programs at the federal, state, and private level. A short description of each program and a link to the program's website is also included. Appendix E provides home hardening and fuels treatment methods for homeowners and land managers. Descriptions of multiple fuel treatment methods, landscaping, and planning considerations are included. • Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety ( ) Wildfire Prepared Home: Ihftps..//wildfirre ire .ir d:oirq/ • National Fire Protection Association( ) Preparing HomesforWildfire: Ihftps..//www...0 f ..gircg/Ed.q .ticau - u d- s it lh/ ild lr / it !J g.-1homes-fair-wild. ire • Fire -Resistant Plants for Home Landscaping: Ihtt s /LgLI! g!gzt a sigu : lr .q ll.st te.:ed.u/s.ites/c t lg.q/ I s/ irpje�.t/pdf/ u�w590: df • Bainbridge Island Fire -Resistant Landscaping Gaide: https./LAEbidrdfsir -1:i. , s.is.tau;I.t%a.20.1. a.ndsc iu�.c�:udf Appendix F discusses post -fire response and rehabilitation methods and resources. This chapter includes homeowner recovery discussions such as insurance and community safety and support resources as well as larger -scale recovery including timber salvage and erosion prevention measures. Appendix G presents results from the community survey that was available during the planning process. The survey included questions on at -risk areas, community perception, and methods of improving preparedness. Appendix H includes recommendation matrices aligned with the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy. Appendix I lists recommendations for building code and WUI code changes that could reduce structural ignitability and urban conflagration. Page I ES-3 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Appendix J provides recommendations for improving evacuation including additional resource and notification needs and evacuation route mapping and definition. WHAT IS THE GOAL OF A CWPP? The goal of a CWPP is to enable local communities to improve their capacity to reduce the risk of wildfire while working with government agencies to identify high -fire -risk areas and prioritize areas for mitigation, fire suppression, and emergency preparedness, and to enhance public awareness by helping residents better understand the natural and human -caused risks of wildfires that threaten lives, safety, and the local economy. The minimum requirements for a CWPP, as stated in the HFRA, are: Collaboration: A CWPP must be collaboratively developed by local and state government representatives, in consultation with federal agencies or other interested parties. Prioritized Fuel Reduction: A CWPP must identify and prioritize areas for hazardous fuel modification and recommend the types and methods of treatment that will protect one or more at -risk communities and their essential infrastructure. Treatments of Structural Ignitability: A CWPP must recommend measures that homeowners and communities can take to reduce the ignitability of structures throughout the area addressed by the plan. HOW WAS THE JEFFERSON COUNTY CWPP DEVELOPED? The CWPP update was developed collaboratively by a broad group of land and emergency managers and other key stakeholders in Jefferson County. The planning process was initiated in 2023 and was finalized and signed in 2024. To initiate the planning process, a diverse Advisory Group was developed consisting of representatives from Jefferson County, municipalities, tribal nations, Jefferson Conservation District, Olympic National Park, and Olympic National Forest. The development of the Plan relied heavily on modeling and mapping wildfire hazards and, through comprehensive field assessments, identifying landscape and physical characteristics that impact the threat of wildfire to communities. This analysis aided the Advisory Group in prioritizing treatment recommendations to reduce wildfire risk. Community engagement also played a large role in plan development as county residents and community members were encouraged to provide feedback through a public survey. Additional information on the role of the key stakeholders and the public is included in Chapter 1. WHO PARTICIPATED IN DEVELOPING THE PLAN? The Jefferson County administrators invited engagement from local and regional government agencies, as well as county residents, in the development of the Jefferson County CWPP. This group, along with some additional community and organization representatives, served as the Advisory Group for this CWPP update and drove the decision -making process. Several Advisory Group members have experience working together in fire management for the county and have contributed their expertise to this CWPP. The project was kicked off on May 18, 2023; the Advisory Group met for the first time on June 21, 2023, convened again on September 22, 2023, met for the third time on January 23, 2024, and met for the final time April 23, 2024. Page I ES-4 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan WHERE IS THE PLANNING AREA? The planning area includes the entirety of Jefferson County, Washington, as delineated by its geographic and political boundaries. The project boundary encompasses all communities that are included in the county. 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MA �F ' x�r 446, oG.R' - virnvays�� r a r r r r �r �NN, 7 A U a a Q IC L IC w N c6 d Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan SWCA HOW WAS THE PUBLIC ENGAGED? Every effort was made to include a broad cross section of residents living in the county in the outreach process. All county residents were welcomed and encouraged to participate in the community events. Moreover, all county residents were provided multiple opportunities to provide input, such as the community survey and public comment period for the draft Plan review. • SWCA conducted a community survey that received over 800 responses. o A summary of the community responses is available in Appendix G. • Diverse outreach efforts included: o Social media o Radio interviews o Email distributions o In -person activities • Engaged the community at the Quilcene Fair and Parade (approximately 300 attendees) and the Chimacum Farmers' Market (approximately 100 attendees). • Stakeholder interviews were conducted with the following, with quotes included in the CWPP: o Jefferson Land Trust o Rayonier o Jefferson County Sheriff's Office o Olympic Interagency Fire Management Zone • Public education and outreach is a shared priority among relevant agencies; recommendations for future engagement are provided in Chapter 4. WHAT IS THE CURRENT WILDFIRE SITUATION? The topography and vegetation of the county is diverse, consisting of rolling hills, coastlands, mountainous terrain, and river valleys that are heavily vegetated. A large portion of the county is within a coastal rainforest. The portion of the county east of Mount Olympus falls within a rain shadow and is significantly drier than the rest of the county and receives a fraction of the precipitation western portions receive. Fire return intervals in the county vary, with the mean return fire interval ranging from 100 to 300 years. The eastern portion of the county experiences a return interval of close to 50 years. Fires have become more frequent across the county over the last 100 years as fuel loads grow, climate change impacts average temperatures and precipitation, and urban development pushes further into forested areas. Diseases and insect infestations have impacted forest health and have increased fuel loads by killing trees or reducing their resilience to low -intensity fires. These include pine and fir beetles, blister rust, and root rot. Drought and declining groundwater levels also play a significant role in forest health as prolonged drought kills or weakens trees by reducing water availability. Increasing human demands on groundwater, especially during severe droughts, may contribute to declining groundwater levels in certain areas, impacting water access and the health of vegetation. Reduced precipitation, lowered snowpack, and higher rates of evapotranspiration all influence drought conditions, which impact forest resilience to wildfire. A major concern is fuel loading due to concentrated die -off and understory litter. As the regional Page i ES-7 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan climate becomes more variable, a region that typically experiences consistent water availability will experience higher rates of tree mortality, which results in a standing, dead and dense, dry understory. Additionally, as the population of the county grows, so does development in forested areas which can lead to increased human ignitions in already weakened forest stands. The eastern portion of the county is the most heavily developed, which coincides with forests with more frequent expected wildfire events. Additional activity and fuels in these forested areas creates high -risk conditions for WUI wildfire events. Since 1970, the highest number of fire occurrences has been in the eastern part of the county, including near Port Townsend, Chimacum, Quilcene, and Brinnon. Most fires throughout the county have been caused by human ignitions such as fireworks, cigarettes, outdoor burning, and equipment or vehicle ignitions. The loss per fire incident has been highest with debris fires such as slash burning. Naturally occurring fires also play a significant role in fire occurrences in the county, primarily lightning ignitions. This is especially true in the western portion of the county. In spite of the many known causes of ignition, many fires within the county still have undetermined ignition sources. Natural ignitions are also fairly common, especially in the Olympic National Park and Forest. In 2023, the Delabarre Fire began with a series of lightning strikes and burned a total of 4,795 acres. Generally, the county averages 5 to 10 acres ofwildland fire annually. WHAT RECENT FIRES OCCURRED HERE? In the last 10 years, multiple large fires have occurred in the county, including the 2015 Paradise Fire (2,798 acres), the 2016 Hayes Fire (2,389 acres), and the 2023 Delabarre Fire (4,795 acres). The most recent fires have occurred mostly within Olympic National Park. The fire season in the county generally spans from the end of June through the end of September. In recent years, the season has extended further into October as dry, warm conditions linger. Reoccurring dry conditions and wildland encroachment have resulted in a regular brush fire season that has required rapid response from local fire departments to limit impacts. This is a departure from the expected fire occurrences according to historical data and fire regimes. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE COMPOSITE RISK - HAZARD ASSESSMENT? The Composite Risk -Hazard Model for the CWPP is twofold, including a desktop spatial model of risk and hazard based on fire behavior and fuels modeling (Chapter 3). The purpose of this model is to provide information about wildfire hazard and risk to highly valued resources and assets (HVRAs) for Jefferson County. The Composite Risk -Hazard Model considers: • Likelihood of fire burning • Intensity of a fire • Exposure of assets and resources based on their locations • Susceptibility of those assets and resources to wildfire Page I ES-8 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Based on the Composite Risk -Hazard Model, some of the highest risk areas identified in the planning area are communities located along the eastern portion of the county, with extreme risk areas particularly concentrated along the Puget lowlands on the eastern coast in the communities of Port Townsend, Irondale, Port Hadlock, Chimacum, and Quilcene due to the associated exposure of assets. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE FIELD ASSESSMENTS? Field assessments describing risk and hazard rankings for communities located in the WUI, throughout the county, are provided in this Plan and described in detail in Appendix C. A team from SWCA Environmental Consultants conducted field assessments throughout the county in September 2023, using the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1144 standard for assessing structure ignitability in the WUI. Using this standard provided a consistent process for assessing wildland fire hazards around existing structures to determine the potential for structure ignition from wildland fire ignitions. The assessments provide a total score of risk and hazard based on various parameters observed during the surveys, and a corresponding rating of low, moderate, or high are available in Appendix C. These field assessments are used in conjunction with the Composite Risk -Hazard Model described above to inform the development of wildfire mitigation recommendations. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE COMPOSITE RISK -HAZARD MODEL AND A FIELD ASSESSMENT? The key differences between the Composite Risk -Hazard Model discussed in Chapter 3 and the on -site field assessments presented in Appendix C lie in their approaches and focus areas. Composite Risk -Hazard Models analyze potential wildfire behavior by considering the interplay of fuels, topography, and weather using established fire behavior models like FARSITE, FSim, FlamMap, BehavePlus, and FireFamily Plus, along with ArcGIS Desktop Spatial Analyst tools. These models rely heavily on data obtained from national sources like LANDFIRE to evaluate fire behavior and determine treatment strategies and priorities in the WUI, and are focused on a countywide scale, which may present generalization issues when examining discrete locations in urban areas. These are the best available data sources for modeling fire behavior, but use coarse scale inputs (30-meter resolution) and therefore may not identify nuances on the ground. It is important to note that, unlike the Composite Risk -Hazard Model, the purpose of the WA-WUI map is to show where people and property are located relative to wildland vegetation; the WA-WUI map should not be confused with a wildfire risk map. The WA-WUI map was designed as a tool to help municipalities design or update WUI codes or building codes but not assess wildfire risk or hazard. Field Assessments (described in Appendix C), conducted using the NFPA Structure Ignition Form 1144, concentrate on structure hazards observed across communities. These assessments, conducted by trained personnel with support from local authorities, involve direct observation of community conditions, including access, vegetation, defensible space, topography, building characteristics, fire protection availability, and utility placement, resulting in ratings of low, moderate, high, or extreme risk. It is important to note that the risk/hazard map in Chapter 3 does not integrate findings from the field assessments since Page I ES-9 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan each methodology is focused on different parameters (wildland fuels versus structure types) and completed at a different scale (countywide versus community). Due to the differing focus and resolutions associated with these two methodologies, there may be deviations between the resulting risk rating outputs. Though important to note, this is expected when analyzing wildfire risk and hazard across scales. It is important to note that the Composite Risk -Hazard Model in Chapter 3 does not integrate findings from the field assessments since each methodology is focused on very different parameters (wildland fuels versus structure types) and completed at a different scale (countywide versus community). WHAT ARE THE STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS WILDFIRE CONCERNS? Goal 1 of the Cohesive Strategy and the Western Regional Action Plan is Restore and Maintain Landscapes: Landscapes across all jurisdictions are resilient to fire and other disturbances in accordance with management objectives. Recommendations for hazardous fuels treatments include: Allocate resources for fuels management on county, state, and U.S. Forest Service (USFS) roads and rights -of -way. • Utilize the risk and hazard analysis to identify specific areas in need of vegetation and brush removal. Address fuels treatment in moderate, high, and extreme risk areas, and promote equity in fire mitigation efforts. Goal 2 of the Cohesive Strategy/Western Regional Action Plan is: Fire -Adapted Communities: Human populations and infrastructure can withstand wildfire without loss of life and property. Recommendations for public outreach and education include: • Implement a comprehensive and standardized countywide public education program. • Create demonstration sites for healthy forests and defensible space. • Coordinate city and county codes. • Ensure residents understand their role and responsibility in wildfire risk reduction. Goal 3 of the Cohesive Strategy/Western Regional Action Plan is Wildfire Response: All jurisdictions participate in making and implementing safe, effective, efficient risk -based wildfire management decisions. Some of the high -priority recommendations for wildfire response that the Advisory Group developed include: • Prioritize a strategy to secure funding for wildland firefighting equipment, especially water tenders. Conduct a comprehensive review and redesign standards for new subdivisions with a focus on wildfire safety. • Increase access for fire response. Page I ES-10 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan WHAT DOES POST -FIRE RESPONSE AND RECOVERY INVOLVE? There are many aspects to post -fire response recovery, including but not limited to: • Returning home and checking for hazards • Coordinating and mobilizing a group of teams in the community to respond to emergencies • Rebuilding communities and assessing economic needs —securing the financial resources necessary for communities to rebuild homes, business, and infrastructure • Restoring the damaged landscape —restoration of watersheds, soil stabilization, and tree planting • Prioritizing the needs of vulnerable and disadvantaged communities during response and disaster recovery efforts • Evaluating and updating disaster recovery plans every 5 years to respond to changing needs and characteristics of the community • Coordinating with planning, housing, health, and human services, and other local, regional, or state agencies to develop contingency plans for meeting the short-term, temporary housing needs of those displaced during a catastrophic wildfire event HOW WILL THE PLAN BE IMPLEMENTED? The CWPP does not require implementation of any of the recommendations, but the message throughout this document is that the greatest fire mitigation could be achieved through the joint actions of individual homeowners, tribes, and local, state, and federal governments. This CWPP creates a navigable foundation for the County to plan, develop, and execute strategies to mitigate and manage wildfire. This CWPP encourages agencies, organizations, and the public to see wildfire -related projects to completion. It is recommended that the Advisory Group or newly formed Fire Safe Council, (developed as a recommendation during this planning process) serve as a guiding entity for the agencies within the County and remain an integral part of the planning process for future development and implementation of the Plan. This Plan is a living document and should be regularly reviewed and updated as conditions change. The recommendations for fuels reduction projects are general in nature; site -specific planning that addresses location, access, land ownership, topography, soils, and fuels would need to be employed upon implementation. Also, it is important to note that the recommendations are specific to WUI areas and are expected to reduce the loss of life and property. In addition, implementation of fuels reduction projects need to be tailored to the specific project and will be unique to the location depending on available resources and regulations. In an effort to streamline project implementation, this CWPP has identified the pertinent land management/ownership agencies associated with each recommendation. On -the -ground implementation of the recommendations in the CWPP planning area will require development of an action plan and assessment strategy for completing each project. Additionally, a partnership with Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WA DNR) at the operational level will be required to complete many of the suggested projects. Many high -priority projects suggested in this Plan will affect State lands directly within WA DNR jurisdiction or areas where they have suppression responsibilities. Page I ES-11 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan WHEN DOES THE CWPP NEED TO BE UPDATED? The CWPP should be treated as a live document, and projects should be updated annually or immediately following a significant fire event. A comprehensive Plan update should occur every 5 years. The Plan should continue to be revised to reflect changes, modifications, or new information as it becomes available. This may include new data to reflect risk, hazard, and delineation of WUI areas. These datasets evolve as new technology, scientific methods, and risk management approaches are developed across the region. Integrating these elements into mitigation planning are essential to the success of mitigating wildfire risk throughout the county and will be critical in guiding and maintaining the ideas and priorities of the Plan and the communities in the future. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to the Advisory Group and all stakeholders who participated in the planning process, gave their time, and shared their expertise. These contributions lead to creating resilient landscapes, implementing public education, reducing structural ignitability, and ensuring safe and effective wildfire response. Funding for this project was provided by the Secure Rural Schools Act Title lll. Page I ES-12 The United States is facing urgent forest and watershed health concerns. In the last decade years, the 2020 fire season had the most acreage impacted in a single year at 10.1 million acres nationally, and 2018 was the second highest with 8.8 million acres (Congressional Research Service 2023). In addition, Washington state is experiencing an increase in drought conditions, and in 2024 the Washington State Department of Ecology (2024) declared a drought emergency for the state. These statistics demonstrate that wildfires and concerns for watershed health are becoming larger and increasingly impactful. As wildfire severity increases, communities need a plan to help prepare for, reduce the risk of, and adapt to wildfire events. Community wildfire protection plans (CWPPs) help accomplish these goals. A CWPP provides recommendations that are intended to reduce, but not eliminate, the extreme severity or risk of wildfire. This CWPP document will be referred to as the Plan. The development of the Plan is rooted in meaningful collaboration among many stakeholders, including local, state, federal, and tribal officials. The Plan ultimately identifies existing wildfire hazard and risk throughout Jefferson County and provides recommended actions to mitigate those hazards and risk utilizing relevant science and literature from the western region of the United States. The Plan reviews, verifies, and/or identifies potential new priority areas where mitigation measures are needed to protect the life, property, and critical infrastructure in the county from wildfire. This Plan does not attempt to mandate the type and priority for treatment projects that will be carried out by the land management agencies and private landowners. The Plan will only identify potential treatments and a suggested priority for these projects. Page i 1 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan .1 GOAL OF A COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION PLAN The goal of a CWPP is to enable local communities to improve their capacity to reduce the risk of wildfire while working with government agencies to identify high -fire -risk areas and prioritize areas for mitigation, fire suppression, and emergency preparedness, and to enhance public awareness by helping residents better understand the natural and human -caused risks of wildfires that threaten lives, safety, and the local economy. The minimum requirements for a CWPP, as stated in the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (HFRA), are: Collaboration: A CWPP must be collaboratively developed by local and state government representatives, in consultation with federal agencies or other interested parties. • Prioritized Fuel Reduction: A CWPP must identify and prioritize areas for hazardous fuel modification treatments and recommend the types and methods of treatment that will protect one or more at -risk communities and their essential infrastructure. • Treatments of Structural Ignitability: A CWPP must recommend measures that homeowners and communities can take to reduce the ignitability of structures throughout the area addressed by the plan. The Advisory Group established the following overarching goals for the Plan: • Improve wildfire resilience and adaptation of the county. • Develop actions to mitigate risks to human health and safety. • Develop a CWPP with broad public and stakeholder input and support. • Develop a CWPP that will serve as a source and guide for accessing grant opportunities and funding. • Implement a process to quantify improvements in community resiliency over time and track planned and completed projects and community outreach success. Additional information on the planning process is available in Appendix A. 1.2 PLAN ALIGNMENT WITH THE NATIONAL COHESIVE STRATEGY The 2024 CWPP is aligned with the Cohesive Strategy and its Phase III Western Regional Action Plan by adhering to the nationwide goal "to safely and effectively extinguish fire, when needed; use fire where allowable; manage our natural resources; and collectively, learn to live with wildland fire." The primary, national goals identified as necessary to achieving the vision are: • Resilient Landscapes — Landscapes, regardless of jurisdictional boundaries are resilient to fire, insect, disease, invasive species and climate change disturbances, in accordance with management objectives. Page 12 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan • Fire -Adapted Communities — Human populations and infrastructure are as prepared as possible to receive, respond to, and recover from wildland fire. • Safe, Effective, Risk -based Wildfire Response — All jurisdictions participate in making and implementing safe, effective, efficient risk -based wildfire management decisions. For more information on the Cohesive Strategy, please visit: Ih s //www.for sts .......................... q l lnd.s:gray/s r qy/..................................................... ll Alignment with these Cohesive Strategy goals is described in more detail in Chapter 4, Mitigation Strategies. In addition to aligning with the Cohesive Strategy, the CWPP also incorporates information on post -fire recovery, the significant hazards of a post -fire environment, and the risk that post -fire effects pose to communities (Figure 1.1) Figure 1.1. The CWPP incorporates the three primary goals of the Cohesive Strategy with post -fire recovery to serve as holistic plan for fire prevention and resilience. Page i 3 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan SWCA 1.3 ADVISORY GROUP The Jefferson County administrators invited engagement from local and regional government agencies in the development of the Jefferson County CWPP. Stakeholder involvement is critical in producing a meaningful document that includes all collaborators' diverse perspectives. The project was kicked off on May 18, 2023; the Advisory Group met for the first time on June 21, 2023, convened again on September 22, 2023, met for the third time on January 23, 2024, and met for the final time April 23, 2024. Members of the Advisory Group are listed below. Table 1.1. Advisory Group Heidi Eisenhour Jefferson County Mark McCauley Jefferson County Chris Goy Jefferson County Wendy Davis Jefferson County Bret Black East Jefferson Fire and Rescue Greg Brotherton Jefferson County Phil Cecere Jefferson County Willie Bence Jefferson County Joe Holtrop Jefferson County Conservation District Erik Kingfisher Jefferson Land Trust Malloree Weinheimer Consultant to Jefferson County Randy Edwards Port Ludlow Village Council Matt Logue City of Port Townsend Steve King City of Port Townsend Emma Bolin City of Port Townsend Eric Flanigan Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympic Region Susan Beall Olympic National Forest Alfred Watson Olympic National Forest Bob Smith Hoh Indian Tribe Travis Peek Quinault Indian Nation Jerald Weaver Olympic National Park, Wildland Fire Program George Calbert Naval Magazine Indian Island Tim Manly Brinnon Fire Department / East Jefferson County Fire Chiefs Association Robert Wittenberg East Jefferson Fire and Rescue Pete Brummel East Jefferson Fire and Rescue Brian Tracer East Jefferson Fire and Rescue Michael Becker Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympic Region Page 14 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Krystle Schnepf Olympic National Forest Timothy Callister U.S. Navy - NAV MAG Indian Island Josh Peters Jefferson County Ty Crowe Olympic Interagency Fire Management Zone Jennifer Coe Washington State Department of Natural Resources Don Svetich Quilcene Fire Rescue Kevin Streett Jefferson Public Utility District Dan Toepper Jefferson Public Utility District Jeff Bortner Olympic Interagency Fire Management Zone Victoria Amato SWCA Environmental Consultants Emily Geery SWCA Environmental Consultants 1.4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT A key element in the CWPP process is the meaningful discussions it generates among community members regarding their priorities for local fire protection and forest management (Society of American Foresters 2004). SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) released a community survey to the public and received over 800 responses. SWCA hosted booths at the Quilcene Fair and Parade on September 16, 2023, and the Chimacum Farmers' Market on September 17, 2023, to advertise the community survey and gather community input. Both local events drew a large crowd, approximately 300 people at the Quilcene Fair and Parade and approximately 100 people at the Chimacum Farmers' Market, providing the opportunity to engage a range of diverse stakeholders within the community. A summary of the community responses and input is provided in Appendix G. Additionally, SWCA conducted stakeholder interviews with following organizations: • Jefferson Land Trust • Rayonier • Jefferson County Sheriff's Office • Olympic Interagency Fire Management Zone SWCA has included quotes from the stakeholder interviews throughout the CWPP. The draft Plan and project recommendations were made available for public review from May 1, 2024, through May 15, 2024. Every effort was made to include a broad cross section of the county in the outreach process, and different communication channels, including social media postings, radio interviews, email distributions, and in -person activities, were used to engage as many members of the public as possible. All county residents were welcomed and encouraged to participate in the community events. Moreover, all county residents were provided multiple opportunities to provide input, such as the community survey and Plan document and project recommendations review. Recommendations for future community engagement and outreach are provided in Chapter 4. Page 15 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Education and outreach programs targeting the public are a shared priority among various agencies and organizations working on wildfire -related issues. 1.5 PLANNING AREA GEOGRAPHY The following sections provide context for the remainder of the Plan by describing the baseline conditions throughout the county. The planning area includes the entirety of Jefferson County as delineated by its geographic and political boundaries (Figure 1.2). Jefferson County is located within the Olympic Peninsula of northwestern Washington state, reaching from the western shore of the Pacific Ocean to the eastern shore of the Puget Sound. It encompasses an area of 2,185 square miles. In total, 379 square miles are covered by water (Jefferson County Parks and Recreation 2022). Port Townsend is the only incorporated municipality in Jefferson County. Jefferson County is bordered by Clallam, Gray's Harbor, Mason, Kitsap, and Island Counties. Page 16 S oar-) 7, 77-1 T ), 4A,*1,_"v,A.A , ..... ..... . . Yr�✓ . . . ....... P! A P U , IL AL Cc ; n CL 'E --c MAI Now- =0/ A 'n 3 0 7 ARM R.A."SWA, too., 41 j Is 0. 14 0-1 ONO WN AP 2d, low. J00, 0 Jf 11 All Q PW k�, ku%/" f, MY. 7 kh, A-W q Can 04-01 W I qu✓ Wal 1" sup pj,�n one WK? Tul IVA Qq Q VIA W-01 WN Q t1r, OUT?` a W of, �Ip MI WMA LL M Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Jefferson County possesses a relatively diverse range of federal, state, local, private, and other land ownership. National parks account for the largest share at 46.4%, followed by private land at 18.9%, and state-owned land at 17.2%. A large portion of the county is privately owned and managed by timber companies. Most privately held timber land is managed for long-term production with multiple age classes retained and replanting occurring following harvest. National forests cover 14.8% of the total land, with smaller percentages allocated to categories such as Native American reservations, Jefferson Land Trust, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), National Fish Hatchery, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and undetermined ownership, each representing a relatively small portion of the total land area (less than 1 %) (Table 1.2; Figure 1.3). Table 1.2. Land Ownership within Jefferson County National Park 538,168.5 46.4% Private 219,320.2 18.9% State 199,299.5 17.2% National Forest 171,195.7 14.8% The Nature Conservancy 16,175.0 1.4% American Indian Reservation 7,806.2 0.7% Jefferson Land Trust 4,505.4 0.4% U.S. Forest Service 941.8 0.1% Jefferson Land Trust Protected Land 854.3 0.1 % National Park Service 373.6 <0.0% BLM 74.6 <0.0% BIA 74.5 <0.0% National Fish Hatchery 45.0 <0.0% USFWS <0.0% <0.0% *Undetermined land ownership refers to areas falling on water or other features where ownership may lack a clear designation Few transportation routes transect and connect the entire county. The Olympic Mountains separate the west end of the county from the east, making direct travel impossible (Jefferson County Department of Emergency Management [Jefferson County DEM] 2016). The primary route across the county's expanse is U.S. Highway 101, which stretches for around 100 miles up through Clallam County to the north of Jefferson County (Jefferson County DEM 2016). State highways include State Routes 19, 20, 104, and 116, all of which are in the eastern portion of the county (see Figure 1.3). In addition to the surfaced highways, smaller rural and residential roads traverse the county, with variable road conditions. Some steep grades and gravel road surfaces may impede travel in the event of a wildfire evacuation or emergency response. Page 18 ompsm 2 '5 0 0- C�; 0 0 0 1 0 0 t " > warm War 1-e M; IV! A Q N%,, th ra limp I.E o0i 0 0 c fit C 6` e, ,A /dA, /004�,", )777-,li too" K 2 A 7 IOWA .... ........ 7W, jo W M IN R "I fowl nv!v R "-W Nl rr, QW4 not a-wo f kr 111. ".101P ow/gy,011 �,p 4f, '"I LL 0) Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan The county includes three distinct geographical areas. The west end includes a 30-mile coastline across along the Pacific Ocean, the central region includes the Olympic Mountains (including Olympic National Park and Mount Olympus, the county's highest point at 7,965 feet above sea level), and the eastern portion includes the Puget lowlands (Figures 1.4 and 1.5) (Jefferson County DEM 2016; Jefferson County Parks and Recreation 2022). The Puget lowlands include shoreline and rich valleys that lead into the foothills of the central Olympic Mountains region (Jefferson County DEM 2016). The central Olympic Mountains divide the eastern and western portions of the county and contain mountains up to nearly 8,000 feet. The west end includes beaches and rocky coastline surrounded by a mountainous barrier. The valleys of large rivers within this region traverse from the central mountains to the western beaches (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Jefferson County is drained by nine major rivers and four major creeks that flow west into the Pacific Ocean, north into the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and east into Admiralty Inlet and Hood Canal (Jefferson County Parks and Recreation 2022). Figure 1.4. Mountainous, tree -covered landscape in Jefferson County where topography may contribute to more intense wildfire behavior. Page 110 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Figure 1.5. Lower -lying landscape in Jefferson County showing the contrast between topographic hazards. IRA all My According to the 2022 U.S. Census, the population estimate of Jefferson County was 33,589 persons, an increase of 1.9% over the 2020 census numbers of 32,977 (U.S. Census Bureau 2022a). Over the last few decades, Jefferson County has been one of the fastest growing counties in the state, seeing a population increase of 27.2% between 1990 and 2000 (Jefferson County DEM 2016). In 2022, there were 19,569 households in the county. In 2020, the population density was 18.3 people per square mile (U.S. Census Bureau 2022b). One-third of the total population of the county (approximately 10,388 individuals as of 2020) live in Port Townsend, a 2.3% increase from 2020 (U.S. Census Bureau 2022b). The median resident age is 59.5 years, compared with the statewide median of 38.5 years, and there is a steady increase of older adults within the county (Jefferson County Parks and Recreation 2022). During the summer months, which coincide with the county's tourist season, the population within western Jefferson County increases from approximately 900 to 10,000 people (Jefferson County DEM 2016). The population of Port Townsend also nearly doubles, and tourism is an increasingly prevalent part of Jefferson County's communities (Jefferson County DEM 2016). In addition, many "unplanned" communities are now becoming permanent year-round housing, such as mobile homes converted to permanent residences (Jefferson County DEM 2016). i The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) defines social vulnerability as the susceptibility of social groups to the negative impacts of natural hazards (e.g., wildfire), which include disproportionate death, injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood (FEMA 2023). A sole hazard occurrence can bring about Page 111 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan considerably different impacts for distinct individuals, even if the magnitude of the hazard was the same for the entire community. Specific groups of individuals may be more susceptible to natural hazards because of socioeconomic status, physical state, or other factors. For instance, elderly individuals may have more difficulty in quickly evacuating during wildfire emergencies, which may make them more susceptible to entrapment. In other cases, low-income individuals may be less able to harden and improve their homes to reduce structural ignitability and, therefore, can face a higher probability of their homes being damaged or destroyed should a wildfire event occur. Much of the county, especially the west end, is described as socially vulnerable according to the Center for Disease Control's Social Vulnerability Index, which is based on 16 social factors, such as poverty, unemployment, education, and more. This index is used to identify levels of financial assistance that should be allocated to communities in need through rural development financing (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 2023). Census data also show that some communities in Jefferson County have high proportions of people aged 65 or older (U.S. Census Bureau 2022b). A map of disadvantaged communities as designated by the Council of Environmental Quality can be found in Figure 1.6. Federal Designation of the Justice40 Initiative, signed through Executive Order 14008, aims to ensure that 40 percent of the benefits from specific federal investments are directed toward disadvantaged communities facing marginalization, underservice, and pollution burdens. The initiative encompasses various categories of investment, including climate change, clean energy, clean transit, affordable housing, workforce development, pollution reduction, and clean water infrastructure. Federal agencies are undergoing significant transformations to reallocate resources to these communities, addressing decades of underinvestment and environmental hazards. The White House has issued guidance to agencies on identifying covered programs, engaging in stakeholder consultation, and reporting data to fulfill the initiative's goals. The "partially disadvantaged" area has been identified as such because they are home to federally recognized tribes. The area that has been identified as "disadvantaged", while also home to federally recognized tribes, meets the criteria based on climate change, housing, and legacy pollution. For more information on federal designations through the Justice40 program, please visit: htt s://www.esiri.com/airc is-blo / iroducts/airc is-livin -atlas/local- oveiru�meu�t/ ustice40/ p................................................................................................g..........................g....K....................................................g..............................g......................................................g....................................................J........................................... With continued economic and social trends exacerbating the level of housing insecurity, urban areas throughout the United States have recently experienced significant increases in unhoused populations. As a result, fire departments are responding to a growing number of incidents involving fires that impact unhoused people and their shelters or encampments. To survive in often harsh environments without adequate protection from the elements, many people living in unsheltered communities utilize fire as a tool for general survival. This includes burning open flames to allow themselves to keep warm and cook food. Fire -safe practices are not always strictly adhered to in these settings, contributing to increased fire risk. Additionally, unhoused individuals are often situated in areas of existing high fire risk, such as densely vegetated riverbanks or vacant and unmaintained buildings. Jurisdictions across the United States face difficulties addressing the houselessness crisis due to legislative and political barriers, causing the issue to stagnate and fire risk to persist among these vulnerable populations. In search for a solution, nonprofit and research organizations have begun examining the behaviors that contribute to fire risk and establishing programs through which unhoused people are provided fire safety gear and proper training to educate them in fire safety and response. These groups are advocating for increased awareness to both those experiencing houselessness and the wider public, with a push for intervention and assistance to those at risk. Page 112 v c I ©10 zg o- fLt n ,t C U5 Ui m E _ c ^SOU • fl %% u." r W6ukarD°' °.°ti k'' wsr r�q„ a*d !�(°,,,,,q ✓ rii A °„ G JL //i c,i"p,;' ill, /,..a �, rf�rrr%/�//i / r//all ,rrr,,,' /i%%I,/ii% /, "�'�i,'� as r,� � �/��ri°��r�""✓,:; /// /r r �y'?U� �! � �(,,:, � / �/r /i/ii r r Pik Ct, 4 % Grf �/�Y&Y� , / /�/ / fI%� i6/. ;✓l9 ;S; � i% � r // araWar .��/l/dfrf ,,,-'. r/r � ///iri Ii, i r� '� i ii� �� y /// / � '�pr// fi r'// ✓/r�i;,,,;;°,. $�°' ��% � u/i �'�,(//%/ �'� �� a� ' /i%/////✓ / 9�i'%l� //j .. ,/ ;1" y �r�ty, / „r/ �r r/%%/ , i,�c�N -- 6 � ,r : //; r� S/, N . S ��ud p /o p/ry �y�/ / /i/�� ', :� ar. ,, �:i//„/ire �� <, ,%,err✓/ r /�/� /u��/ p� m �� i///�y' �.,u'�! �%�ii ��° f r, r�i �� ,� /% D �fl � r i //r / //, %/ � r / ,i n/�j) �/a� r f r %''�l / l;� 4MiF' i %✓�/l/�� // //� �l " „r a... �% " /,,%i:, % � ,...;�f „r,. '•r/ii r 1.1r✓.!(I /a/i i// iii�ri� / r Y / %!i s /form , r prrrhh✓rlreirr/ra, i7 47 !4 uw / �yy":, /�///i%'n;n�// � i/ //i�/ ri rl ,/� � , :. rwirtci✓�jhar,� /i��yt tii-//'///� +�«�y�.�'"/ p � '�n rrr �� a /r r / / /lbl /p�, �� ,��I`C�� p/i ��'"�,%�'r�/w "'a �"' ��„,!,✓>c,; >F wn, ,„O / �%� ��i%��/, +��lil/hl��%/��(�'/�I,r�,/ r � �% flnr� i i ✓ r e f // //or, i%✓/�/r//i �%/��fr�/�i »r 4a'' � /1/ rrri�rj ///��%��%ioj s �:. ,/ � //// /%,... ".%��.''1/ r/�/. lm��/ fir'. r� r � /��j./,. _tSi�/, ��D✓/./ °zl �' +// /�i �'// l j/J/%/� � //,i/�✓°�'�ff� ��i �� r� �f�/� p w arr '-�i,srifr�" jr / ��✓/' mrr�1J /"r✓r'UKf �r�m�rds ws� ark r � L a1 c IL a Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan SWCA Jefferson County has a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities at the many county, state, and national parks within the county. Jefferson County Parks and Recreation manages 26 parks and campgrounds providing opportunities for camping, hiking, swimming, and other recreation across the diverse landscape of the county (Jefferson County Parks and Recreation 2022). There are 10 state parks in Jefferson County, all of which are situated on the east end of the county within the Puget lowlands and provide opportunities for hiking, biking, horse -riding, swimming boating, fishing, clamming, crabbing, and more (Discover Washington State 2023). The county also includes the heavily frequented Olympic National Park, which is characterized by its exceptional natural diversity, covering 922,651 acres of three distinct ecosystems —glacier -capped mountains, extensive Pacific coastline, and ancient temperate rainforests —that offers visitors a chance to enjoy activities like hiking, whale watching, camping, and stargazing (Discover Washington State 2023). The northwestern part of the county includes the Olympic National Forest, a 6,500-square-mile area that features complex terrain with winding ridges, steep mountains, canyons, and dense forests that visitors can spend their time exploring (National Park Service [NPS] 2008). Areas of Jefferson County with high recreational opportunity, when paired with the influx of tourists to the county during summer months (Jefferson County DEM), may be at a greater risk for human -caused wildfire ignitions. County, state, and national park organizations may want to consider an increase in wildfire pre -planning to establish evacuation routes for recreationists. These organizations may also consider additional education and outreach programs to teach visitors about wildfire safety and prevention within recreational areas as visitation increases. "We get a large influx in tourists and transients during the summer months and that's increased in the last couple years. I've seen people camping in places I've never seen before, and they aren't always aware of what the risk can be in the dense forested areas. If a fire starts in the understory, the spread can be rapid." — Deputy Hoagland END Jefferson County encompasses mountains, rolling hills, lowlands, freshwater and saltwater regions, and coastlands. This mosaic of land classifications leads to variations in elevation, slope aspect, substrate, and microclimates, all influencing the region's land cover. Among the most commonly occurring land cover types and/or vegetation types are mountains with tree cover and their snowy peaks above tree line, which comprise around 75% of the county's landmass (Figure 1.7) (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Page 114 M LL Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Pine beetle, blister rust, root disease, and other diseases and insects can cause small- and large-scale tree loss in forests across the county. As trees die or become weakened by disease and insect infestation, fuel loads within the forests increase. This creates more opportunity for fires to ignite and spread. Dead and dying trees catch fire more easily and fallen dead trees can act as ladder fuels that carry fire into the canopy where it can spread and intensify. Douglas -fir beetles have shown an upward trend in recent years, reaching a peak in 2019, followed by a decline in 2021. However, it is worth noting that the 2021 survey may have underestimated the beetle population due to a reduced survey area (Washington State Department of Natural Resources [WA DNR] 2021). As annual temperatures rise due to climate change, as winters become warmer and wetter, and as trees are weakened by other factors such as extended drought, there is the potential for Douglas -fir beetle populations to continue to increase and become more impactful. It is expected that the Douglas -fir beetle's range will shift to higher elevations with rising temperatures making historically unavailable areas accessible for insects (University of Washington Climate Impact Group 2009). Another impactful insect species is the balsam woolly adelgid, an introduced species that feeds on tree sap and can cause tree stress and mortality. The species primarily feeds on subalpine fir, Pacific silver fir, and grand fir (WA DNR 2021). Several diseases can also impact forest health, including root disease and blister rust. Root disease impacts all present species in the county and is most likely to impact trees already stressed by heat, drought, and insects (U.S. Forest Service [USFS] 2023a). White pine blister rust poses a significant threat to white pine species. The nonnative fungus infects live needles before moving into the branches and trunk. From there, it creates cankers that will kill branches and eventually the whole tree. Mortality rates for infected trees can be as high as 90% (WA DNR 2021). In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of wildfire events in Washington as well as an increase in the extent and severity of events. The five largest recorded wildfires in the state have occurred in the last 10 years (Washington Geospatial Open Data Portal 2024). 2015 was the warmest recorded year in the state and correlated with the second largest wildfire year in state history (University of Washington Climate Impact Group 2023a, 2023b). Multiple projections indicate that annual area burned by wildfire is anticipated to increase 150% to 1,000% by the end of the century (Jefferson County DEM 2016; Snover et al. 2013). In addition to more intense fire seasons, climate change is anticipated to result in extended fire seasons. Historically, fire season has correlated with the summer months and generally lasts from late June through late September (University of Washington Climate Impact Group 2009). In recent years, fires have occurred further into October, which lengthens the time residents must be concerned about fire events and extends the fire season and burden for response personnel. A 2024 research article titled "Simulated Future Shifts in Wildfire Regimes in Moist Forests of Pacific Northwest" modeled potential shifts in burn probability, fire rotation, and the size and number of fires, especially large fires, under climate change conditions expected with little concerted effort toward reducing carbon emissions (Dye 2024). Their models found that under "business as usual" conditions, the Olympic Peninsula will experience higher burn probability and shorter fire rotations. Additionally, they found that the Olympic region will likely experience an increase in fires greater than 40,000 hectares and an increase in the number of fires per year. A large factor contributing to the increase in size and number of Page 116 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan fires is an anticipated shift in fire seasonality where fire season begins earlier in the spring and may extend further into fall (Dye 2024). Annual average temperatures have continued to rise in the region and are anticipated to increase further in the coming decades. The Jefferson County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) notes that between 1895 and 2011, the average annual temperature in the county increased 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit and is projected to increase between 4.3 and 5.8 degrees Fahrenheit by the 2050s (Jefferson County DEM 2016). This information is available in the 2016 Jefferson County HMP, which is discussed in further detail in Appendix A. The county is currently working to update the HMP, but this update has not yet been released. All future CWPP updates should align with content in the HMP update. The anticipated temperature rise will result in extended periods of drought, lowered average snowpack, and shifts in precipitation. In 2021, the June heatwave resulted in approximately 84,000 acres of forest desiccation damage in western Washington with a high concentration of recorded damage on the Olympic Peninsula (WA DNR 2021). As the climate changes, drought will become a more frequent and intense issue for the county. In terms of forest health, more frequent and intense droughts along with warmer average temperatures impact tree health and forest resilience in several ways. Drought periods reduce the amount of water available for trees to utilize and the amount of moisture present in the soil. This can result in weakened tree communities that are susceptible to insect and disease infestation. Most areas of the Olympic Mountains are wetter than the rest of the state and therefore less prone to wildfire. However, with higher average temperatures and more drought -prone summers, the region is becoming more susceptible to fire (Jefferson County DEM 2016). A large component of this is a drier understory than what has historically been present. Long-term drought can also result in large-scale tree mortality that alters forest structure and creates hazardous standing dead tree conditions. As average temperatures rise and droughts persist, species ranges can shift, and regions historically occupied by a certain species may no longer be suitable for the species (University of Washington Climate Impact Group 2009). The Washington State Climate Change Impacts Assessment projects that by 2060, 32% of the state that is currently occupied or appropriate for Douglas -fir will be outside of the species' suitability envelope (University of Washington Climate Impact Group 2009). For Jefferson County, this is anticipated to mostly impact the southern Olympic Mountains. A result of range shift can mean intrusion of invasive species and alterations to the overall vegetation community of an area. For instance, a forested area may be replaced by grassland as water becomes less available, fires become more frequent and intense, and more fire -susceptible species colonize the area. Most at risk of range shift and loss or vegetation community changes are alpine and subalpine areas that are generally very moist and have very long fire return intervals. Some species, such as subalpine fir and mountain hemlock, are expected to shift to higher elevations as decreased snowpack lengthens the growing season in these areas. Under most climate modeling scenarios used for the USFS analysis, temperate forests are expected to expand (Halofsky et al. 2011). The viability of certain species is reduced under climate change conditions as the availability of resources or consistency of habitat changes. The western redcedar, a culturally and economically significant conifer in the Pacific Northwest, has experienced a decline due to drought and reduced snowpack. Climate change has further exacerbated these impacts as drought conditions become more prevalent in the species habitat (Northwest Climate Adaptations Science Center 2020). Redcedar stands in Jefferson County have been shown to be stressed in their current ranges (Mathys et al. 2014). With higher temperatures, the evapotranspiration rates of tree species increase, resulting in water being used more quickly. Climate change is also anticipated to disrupt precipitation regimes, shifting timing of precipitation events, and increasing the occurrence of heavy rain (Snover et al. 2013). Sporadic Page 117 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan precipitation creates inconsistent water availability for forest species and can cause erosion issues in post -fire areas where soil is not yet stabilized. "We are in a state of leaving a climate regime that we've had here for about 6,000 years. Everything's changing and we can't manage our forests to keep them exactly how they are now. Can we all look ahead together and recognize the way things are changing and manage our forests for these changes in a way that helps maintain the ecological, social, and economic benefits they provide for future generations?" — Jefferson Land Trust `` Mortalitl As discussed above, climate change is anticipated to have a variety of impacts to local weather patterns, average precipitation, snowpack, and drought extent. These combined factors can result in large-scale impacts to forest health including broad tree mortality (National Science Foundation 2022). While tree mortality is a natural process in forest ecosystems, when large regions experience a significant number of tree deaths within a short time period, it can negatively impact forest health and disrupt ecosystem functions. Large-scale tree mortality greatly increases the amount of fuel available for wildfire events and increases the likelihood of catastrophic events. /" Invasive Species Nonnative and invasive species can cause degradation and a number of ecological issues, including outcompeting native species, reducing biodiversity and ecological health, and increasing fire vulnerability. Invasive species thrive in disturbed areas and are often transported by vehicles, foot traffic, and escape from gardens. Scotch broom, Canada thistle, Himalayan blackberry, English ivy, English holly, herb Robert, and Japanese knotweed are some of the most impactful species in the county (NPS 2015). Scotch broom in particular increases the potential and intensity of fire. It occurs frequently along roadways and can spread quickly (Jefferson County 2024). Jefferson County and the Noxious Weed Control Board have a number of resources and guides to help community members identify and manage invasive species: Ih.ttps //j f irspu gp.Lintyp�!Ljjclhe lth:oirg/j.gA6/ px.ious-Weed-R souirces. • .• `! • ! !• `l 1` ` Several state and federally listed threatened and endangered species can be found in Jefferson County, including birds, insects, fish, and plant species (Table 1.3). Treatments on federal land are subject to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and associated analysis of impacts to these species. Wildfire mitigation treatments in areas that may impact threatened and endangered species require application of certain mitigation measures to prevent degradation to habitat. Please note that the table below is not exhaustive and only includes a selection of species that occur within the area. For a more comprehensive list, please visit the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife threatened and endangered species page here: Ih.ttps..//wdfino:w....ctcav/spgies-lh.bi.tts/t-frisk/lis.ted.. Page 118 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Table 1.3. Federally and State -Listed Threatened and Endangered Species that May Occur in Jefferson County Birds Antigone canadensis Sandhill crane Endangered - Birds Coccyzus americanus Yellow -billed cuckoo Threatened Threatened Birds Brachyramphus marmoratus Marbled murrelet Threatened Threatened Birds Fratercula cirrhata Tufted puffin Endangered - Birds Strix occidentalis caurina Northern spotted owl Threatened Threatened Birds Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus Short -tailed albatross Candidate Endangered Fish Salvelinus confluentus Bull trout Threatened - Fish Salvelinus malma Dolly varden Proposed Similarity of Appearance (Threatened) Insects Danaus plexippus Monarch butterfly - Candidate Insects Euphydryas editha taylori Taylor's (=Whulge) checkerspot Endangered Endangered Mammals Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Endangered Endangered Mammals Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Endangered Endangered Mammals Enhydra lutris kenyoni Sea otter Threatened - Mammals Eubalaena japonica North Pacific right whale Endangered Endangered Mammals Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Endangered Endangered Mammals Orcinus orca Orca Whale Endangered Endangered Mammals Physetermacrocephalus Sperm Whale Endangered Endangered Mollusks Haliotis kamtschatkana Pinto abalone Endangered - Reptiles Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback sea turtle Endangered Endangered Reptiles Caretta careta Loggerhead sea turtle Endangered Endangered Reptiles Chelonia mydas Green sea turtle Threatened Threatened Reptiles Actinemys marmorata Northwestern pond turtle Endangered - Plants Pinus albicaulis Whitebark pine - Endangered Page 119 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan This page intentionally left blank. Page 120 2.1 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE As of summer 2023, wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas in the state of Washington are determined using the Washington Wildland-Urban Interface (WA-WUI) map for implementing and enforcing building codes across all counties and cities. Chapter 51-55 Washington Administrative Code (WAC) outlines the adoption and amendment of the 2021 edition of the Wildland-Urban Interface Code. The code mandates compliance in construction within the interface or intermix areas and specifies the process for updating or designating new WUI, with only the local jurisdiction's code official having the authority to modify the WA-WUI map (WA DNR 2023a). In this Plan, the WUI (Figure 2.1) is defined in accordance to Chapter 51-55 WAC as: The geographical area where structures and human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels. Section 302.3.6 of WAC 51-55 outlines the process for WUI area designation. It involves determining structure density, vegetation density, and proximity categories for a given area, and based on these criteria, the site is designated as either intermix or interface, depending on the specified conditions. Compliance with the code, including the Wildland-Urban Interface Code, is then determined accordingly. Page i 21 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan The WA-WUI map (Figure 2.1) was created by the WA DNR. The purpose of the WA-WUI map is to show where people and property are located relative to wildland vegetation. The WA-WUI map is sometimes inadvertently confused with a wildfire risk map. It is important to note the distinction here. This map was designed as a tool to help municipalities design or update WUI codes or building codes but does not assess wildfire risk or hazard. Page 122 F5, 0 0 N E Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Figure 2.2. Example of the WUI Intermix in Port Townsend. Figure 2.3. Example of the WUI Intermix in Marrowstone Island. Page 124 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Chapter 15.05 of the Jefferson County Code cites the adoption of the 2009 edition of the International Fire Code to direct new construction within the county. The State of Washington adopted the International WUI Code with the 2021 code cycle, influencing development projects in Jefferson County after July 2023 (Washington State Building Code Council 2023). The code aims to enhance safety and wildfire resilience for homes. A four -step process is outlined, involving determining the hazard severity of the parcel, assessing existing defensible space, identifying ignition -resistant construction requirements, and confirming compliance with site plan regulations. The goal is to protect citizens and their homes from wildfires through these new code requirements. Cities and counties are continuously challenged to accommodate both current and future residents in need of safe and affordable housing. As outlined by the International WUI Code, development in moderate to extreme fire hazard areas is required to be constructed in accordance with a set of guidelines and requirements that aim to prevent wildfire intrusion, protect structures from ignition, and stop structure fires from spreading to wildland fuels, even without fire department intervention. These requirements include the use of fire-resistant materials to minimize fire susceptibility in new structures and implementation of defensible space. Additional fire code information is described in Appendix A. Appendix C contains the WUI delineation map for cities and unincorporated areas within Jefferson County as well as a description and a hazard rating for each city and unincorporated area. The WA-WUI map depicts the entire WUI boundary for each city or unincorporated area. The WUI buffer is an area where fuel treatments should be prioritized to provide additional protection to communities from potential wildfire and/or grassland fire spread. "Wildfires are a big concern for us, and a lot of our practices are intended to reduce the risk of fires on our land just like other community members. Having healthy, diverse forests is essential to what we do." — Rayonier Representative 1@110WW. w 0 i Jefferson County is characterized by highly varied topography and a wide assortment of vegetative fuel types. Topographically, the county ranges from sea level in its eastern and western portions to 7,969 feet at the summit of Mount Olympus, with hills, valleys, and sprawling ridges throughout. The highest proportion of land cover in the county is timber fuel, which presents a heightened risk due to its wildfire behavior. Portions of the highly contoured and forested expanses of the county interface with human development, posing a substantial wildfire threat. Development and expansion of the WUI and contemporary fire suppression practices have both increased the likelihood of human ignitions and led to increased fuel accumulation, respectively. In addition, historic fire incidents have shown that fire risk is elevated in areas where human ignitions are more probable. Figure 2.4 shows fuels within Jefferson County. For further details on the fuel conditions for each model input, please see Table 3.1. Page 125 U LL N c 0- d Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2.2 FIRE REGIMES Fires are characterized by their intensity, the frequency at which they occur, the season in which they occur, their spatial pattern or extent, and their type. Combined, these attributes describe the fire regime. While fire regimes for distinct ecosystem types are detailed below, Figure 2.5 provides an overview of the mean fire return intervals across Jefferson County's diverse landscape. The prevailing mean fire return interval observed across this terrain ranges from 100 to 300 years. A variety of fire return intervals can be found across the county ranging from 50 years to over 1,000 years (Fryer and Luensmann 2012; LANDFIRE 2020). Long return intervals result in fire events that are often stand replacing as fuels gradually increase. me Sitka spruce communities are generally located in areas with relatively high annual precipitation. In the county, they are commonly found in the western coastal region, which experiences the highest precipitation totals. Sitka communities are often intermixed with western hemlock and redcedar and a forest floor consisting of mosses and ferns (Acker and Kertis 2004). Due to the high amount of precipitation, this community experiences very little fire and has a fire return interval of 150 to over 350 years (USDA 2012a). Most fires experienced by Sitka communities spread from adjacent areas with drier conditions. Sitka spruce is not well adapted to fire and has thin bark and shallow roots. Wildfire events are generally stand replacing (Acker and Kertis 2004). Windthrow events are more common as the portion of the county most often occupied by Sitka spruce experiences the highest occurrence of severe storms. This can result in fuel loading within Sitka communities, especially during extended drought periods. However, due to the moist climate inhabited by Sitka communities, most slash and windfall trees are not available as active Sitka spruce. Source: Bressette (2014a) fuel due to rapid decay rates on the forest floor (Griffith 1992). Page i 27 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Douglas -fir and western hemlock are common in multiple communities across the county including wet and dry-mesic habitats. Dry-mesic fir -hemlock communities are most prominent in the eastern portion of the county that experiences a rain shadow (Kertis et al. 2004). The terrain of this area is often low montane and has well -drained soil. Other species common in dry fir -hemlock communities are redcedar, white pine, lodgepole pine, and grand fir. The understory is often primarily shrubs. Douglas -fir (left) and western hemlock (right). Sources: Powell (2002); Van Pelt (2007) Pacific madrone can also be found in dry fir communities where soil is well drained. Madrone is an early successional species with a high light requirement that is often outcompeted by fir species on less disturbed sites. Madrone often colonizes first following disturbance such as fire (Reeves 2007). The fire return interval for dry western hemlock community is 50 to 150 years (USDA 2012a, 2012b). This community experiences mostly mixed -severity fire events. As the fire return interval lengthens, reaching over 250 years, stand -replacement fires become more common. Douglas -fir communities are fairly fire dependent to clear understories and return soil nutrients. Pacific madrone. Wet-mesic Douglas -fir -hemlock communities are Source: Washington State University (2023) common across the county and occur on the north, south, and west aspects of Mount Olympus. Wet-mesic communities receive more precipitation than dry communities and are found in cool, moist microsites (Kertis et al. 2004). The fire return interval for this community is between 300 and 1,000 years (USDA 2012c). Severity of fire in wet hemlock communities generally ranges from mixed to stand replacing with stand replacement being more common in wet communities compared with dry communities (Kertis et al. 2004). This is primarily due to the longer fire return interval for wet hemlock. Hemlock and Douglas -fir dominate this community with some redcedar intermixed and a forest floor consisting of a variety of shrub species such as Devil's club, huckleberry, rhododendron, and swordfern (Kertis et al. 2004). Page i 28 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Western redcedar is a common species within the county but is most frequently found on the west side of Mount Olympus in old -growth coastal rainforests. Redcedars are one the largest and oldest growing species of tree in the region, growing to ages of over 1,000 years old, reaching heights of over 200 feet with trunk diameters of over 8 feet (Tesky 1992). The species is often found in forest communities containing Sitka spruce, western hemlock, Douglas -fir, and silver fir. Redcedar often forms codominant relationships with firs and hemlocks (USDA 2012b, 2012c). The species has been heavily harvested and is a valuable resource for roofing, siding, poles and posts, and other varying products (Tesky 1992). The county contains some of the largest living redcedars including the Duncan Cedar, which is the second largest known redcedar in the world. Redcedars have a low to moderate fire resistance due to their thin bark, shallow roots, and tendency to be accompanied by dense understories with flammable foliage. Large specimens, however, can be expected to survive fire events as long as they are not fully girdled by a burn (Tesky 1992). The fire return interval for western redcedar varies based Western redcedar. Source: Bressette (2014b) on its associate species, topography, and water proximity. Generally, fire return intervals range from 50 to 350 years; in riparian areas, the mean return interval increases to 200 years. Fires in redcedar communities are most often moderate to severe burns due to the large amount of understory fuel (Tesky 1992). The species regenerates naturally effectively but can be limited if soil is severely burned and if ungulate herbivory is high. Silver fir is a common tree species and is often found in association with mountain hemlock throughout Jefferson County. Fir -hemlock communities are common; they are found extensively in the montane portions of the county at elevations above 1,500 feet (Cope 1992). Both species are also occasionally found in pure stands. Mountain hemlock tends to occupy higher elevations while the two begin to intermix at lower altitudes with less freezing and more consistent water (Cope 1992). Silver fir and mountain hemlock are also associated with Douglas -fir - hemlock communities and the two are often found intermixed or bordering one another. This Silver fir (left) and western hemlock (right). Sources: Bressette (2014c); McDougal (1991) vegetation community can be found at both mid- and high elevations and can grow in almost all soil types Page i 29 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan in the area (Acker and Kertis 2004). Communities are reliant on cool moist conditions and most often found where high snowpack occurs. Fir -hemlock communities have a low fire return interval that averages between 200 and 600 years with intervals over 1,000 years also possible (USDA 2012d). Silver fir is fire avoiding and sensitive to impacts of wildfire. The species has thin bark and shallow roots that are often killed by fire. Fire events in fir -hemlock communities are most often stand -replacing crown fires (Acker and Kertis 2004; USDA 2012d). Subalpine fir is found at high elevations in Jefferson County, often on the eastern slope of the Olympic Mountains. The species is adapted to very cold winters and warm, dry summers but can also occur along streams and in other areas with higher available moisture (Kopper and Acker 2004). Subalpine fir tends to grow in thick stands with associated species including hemlock, lodgepole pine, Douglas -fir, and Englemann spruce (Uchytil 1991). The forest floor of this community generally consists of shrubs, grasses, and sedges. The median fire return interval for subalpine fir communities is 150 years (Kopper and Acker 2004). Fire events are often stand replacing as fuel accumulation is generally high. Additionally, the species is poorly adapted to high -intensity fires. Following wildfire events, lodgepole pine can overtake fir in recovery and limit opportunity for establishment (Uchytil 1991). Subalpine fir. Source: Bressette (2014d) Page i 30 y c n d Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2.3 CLIMATE AND WEATHER PATTERNS The climate of the county is heavily influenced by its topography and coastal proximity. The western portion of the county is dominated by temperate rainforest and receives a majority of the peninsula's precipitation. Precipitation is highly variable and dependent on elevation, coastal proximity, and location on the peninsula. The north -central portion of the county, near Mount Olympus, averages 260 inches of rainfall annually. Toward the coast, annual precipitation decreases along a gradient to 103 inches annually for coastal areas. The eastern portion of the county receives the lowest annual precipitation with averages along the Puget Sound coast as low as 20 inches annually. This large precipitation range is heavily attributed to the rain shadow effect that the Olympic Mountains has on the region where storms moving eastward deposit a majority of their precipitation on the mountain range, creating drier conditions on the eastern front range. Precipitation is heaviest in winter months from November through March when totals average 14 inches per month (National Weather Service 2023a, 2023b). One -day maximum precipitation regularly falls between 4 and 8 inches on the west side of the county during the rainy season, while the eastern portion generally experiences maximums between 1.5 and 4 inches (Western Regional Climate Center 2023a, 2023b, 2023c). Summer and early fall months receive the lowest precipitation, with average monthly totals ranging from 1 to 4 inches. Snow can also be expected during late fall, winter, and early spring months with snowfall totals ranging from a 0.5 to 3 inches per month in lower -elevation regions. The mountainous regions receive considerably more snow than the rest of the county, with Hurricane Ridge averaging 30 to 35 feet annually. The annual average temperature ranges from 37 to 63 degrees Fahrenheit, with lower temperature extremes dropping to 0 degrees in winter months and highs rising to over 100 degrees in summer months. Winter temperatures can range from 0 to 70 degrees with an average temperature of 38 degrees. Spring temperatures range from 12 to 90 degrees with an average temperature of 48 degrees. The temperature range for summer months is 30 to 102 degrees with an average temperature of 61.7 degrees. Fall temperatures can range from 5 to 99 degrees with an average temperature of 50 degrees. Similar to precipitation, temperature varies greatly depending on altitude, coastal proximity, and location relative to Mount Olympus. The western coastal portion of the county is generally a temperate rainforest climate and is often foggy and cool. The eastern portion of the county is much drier but with similar temperature variation. Within the lowlands exists a small region called the Olympic Rain Shadow, which receives significantly drier and sunnier weather than its surroundings. It encompasses the towns of Sequim, Port Angeles, and Port Townsend, as well as much of the San Juan Islands. Storm cells most often impact the county from the southwest and move northeast. Storms can often be accompanied by high winds, with the most severe storm and wind events generally occurring in October through February. Winds are generally strongest from the west and north, and drainages that are oriented east -west can channel wind events creating focused air currents. Severe wind events can cause damage to facilities and trees. Two such events occurred in 1921 and 1962. The event in 1921, termed the "great Olympic blowdown", saw coastal wind speeds reach over 100 miles per hour and 40% of trees were blown down on the southwest side of the Olympic Mountains. The 1962 event saw winds peaking at 160 miles per hour with similarly catastrophic windfall results in the forests (Read 2015). Monthly climate normals (30-year averages) for the county are graphed by weather stations below (Figures 2.6, 2.7, and 2.8). Monthly temperature and precipitation data for the county is limited, especially for the western portion of the county. Average monthly temperatures for the Quilcene area are included in Page 132 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Figure 2.6, average monthly precipitation for the Chimacum area is included in Figure 2.7, and temperature and precipitation averages for the entire Olympic Peninsula are included in Figure 2.8. The Olympic Peninsula area figure includes data from across the region, including outside of the county, and is not representative of specific location records. Differences in average temperature and precipitation occur across the county and should be noted when considering local conditions. Figure 2.6. Mean average temperature in Quilcene. Source: National Weather Service (2023a) Page i 33 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan VIUUIC c.1. r%vcIayc w►a1 jJICt Ip►uauvn III wnniat.uni. Source: National Weather Service (2023b) Figure 2.8. Average total precipitation and mean average temperature in the Olympic Peninsula. Source: National Weather Service (2023c) Page i 34 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2.4 FIRE HISTORY Fire is a naturally occurring aspect of Washington's landscape and is essential to the health of many ecosystems in the state. Forest communities across the county range from fire adapted to fire avoidant depending on geography, elevation, and local climate. Fires that occur at natural intervals play a crucial role in clearing dead fall and understory debris, returning nutrients to the soil, and maintaining tree and canopy spacing. Prior to colonial presence on the peninsula, most fires were intentionally set to maintain the prairies throughout the lowland landscape (Wray and Anderson 2003). Others were naturally occurring and varied in intensity and size (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Following Europeans landing in the area, several large fires occurred due to logging and road building (NPS 2005). The average fire return interval is generally 100 to 150 years; however, this varies across ecosystem types and geographic location (see Figure 2.5). The east side of the county experiences more frequent fires due to its drier climate. Historical evidence such as fire scars indicates that large fires burned much of the north, east, and south sides of the peninsula over 300 years ago and many valleys and watersheds were burned in large fires about 250 years ago (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Although there may be limited documented accounts regarding the influence native tribes had on fire occurrence, indigenous peoples selectively burned areas to improve wildlife habitat and access, maintain certain vegetation, and harvest root crops. Some suggest that the prairies near the western coast are a result of these management practices (NPS 2005). The early 1900s saw a large occurrence of fires, including the Forest Fires of 1902; the Dosewallips and Duckabush Fires of 1918, which burned over 7,000 acres combined; and the Green Mountain, Discovery Bay, and Snow Creek Fires, which burned 9,600, 5,000, and 3,800 acres, respectively (Jefferson County DEM 2016). In the last 20 years, fires have become more frequent in the county, particularly in the northeastern portion, where drier conditions can create ideal fire conditions. These include the Griff, Heatwave Complex, and Hopper Fires. Fire occurrences have also increased due to increased population growth in the county and more people living within the WUI as communities expand into forested areas. Jefferson County averages 5 to 10 acres of wildland fires every year (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Figures 2.8 through 2.10 illustrate historic fire perimeters, cause of ignition, and density of past events. Throughout the county, west- and north -facing slopes are less likely to experience severe wildfire conditions due to higher precipitation and cooler temperatures. In recent years, this has become less reliable, however, because climate change — induced drought has created drier conditions across all aspects. The fire season in the county generally spans from the end of June through the end of September. In recent years, the season has extended further into October as dry, warm conditions linger. "Compared to my time working on the peninsula in the late 90's and early 2000's, wildfire has increased in all metrics. It used to be if we had a fire over 2 acres, it was a big deal. Some years we wouldn't have any fires in the park or National Forest." —Joseph Crowe, USFS Page 135 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan This section was developed using fire history data from WA DNR and the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) website (https.Ildata-nifc.opendata.arcgis.comldatasetslnifc::wildland-fire-incident- locations/about). The Advisory Group acknowledged that fire reporting, especially for small ignitions (that grow to less than 1 acre), is notoriously limited throughout the county and nationally, and therefore, fire history data may not fully represent the actual numbers of fires that occur on an annual basis. A depiction of Jefferson County's wildfire history (1900-2022) shows historic fires occurring across all geographies of the county. A majority of fires in the county have occurred in the eastern portion, which corresponds with drier conditions and higher human populations. Most recent large fires have occurred within Olympic National Park (Figures 2.9-2.11). The county averages 5 to 10 acres of wildland fire annually (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Historically, large wildfires have been fairly rare in the county but have followed an oscillating cycle. Small fires less than 0.25 acre are the primary events across all time periods. Although the number of events has not significantly increased in the last few decades, the number of large fires has increased. The period of 2010 through 2019 included the largest number of acres burned per year compared with other periods and saw the largest number of fires over 1,000 acres aside from the period of 1900 through 1999. The current decade, beginning in 2020, has seen a decline in the number and size of fire events compared with the previous decade. Increases in the number and size of wildfires can primarily be attributed to drier forest conditions; however, an increase in residents living in the WUI has also fostered conditions for more frequent and intense WUI fires. Hidden illegal meth labs have also been a contributing factor that has sparked fires in the WUI (Jefferson County DEM 2016). Human ignitions are the leading cause of fire in the county and include fireworks, cigarettes, outdoor burning, and heat sparks from equipment and vehicles. Debris fires have the highest loss per incident compared with every other ignition type. Many fire events have unknown ignition sources, while natural causes, such as lightning, also play a significant role in ignitions, particularly in the western portion of the county. The progressing effects of climate change are a primary driver of increased ignitions and large fires. Less consistent precipitation and snowpack, combined with increased evapotranspiration rates, leave forests more vulnerable to all ignitions sources. Loss of forest coverage is one factor that contributes to drier conditions. Dense, mature, temperate forests maintain cooler, moist atmospheric climates through evaporation and condensation cycles. The effects of this cycle are reduced or disrupted as forests are lost through urban development and logging. Logging companies in the county are active in improving their practices to reduce ignitions on their owned or leased land by strategically planning harvests, reducing the amount of slash left on -site, and maintaining response equipment and personnel. At the beginning of the 1900s, there was an influx of large fires resulting from settler development and logging. Throughout the mid-1900s, there were significantly fewer fires, until the end of the century when the Hoh Fire burned around 1,050 acres in 1978. 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The 2015 Paradise Fire burned 2,798 acres (Figure 2.12), the 2016 Hayes Two Fire burned 2,389 acres, the 2016 Godkin Fire burned over 560 acres, and other smaller fires occurred during this time. Notably, the 2015 and 2016 fire years followed an abnormally dry and warm year in 2015. In August 2023, a series of lightning strikes caused multiple fires to start just southeast of Mount Olympus. The Delabarre Fire was the largest of the naturally caused events, and the total area burned from these fires was 4,795 acres. Wildfires continue to grow in the number and size of events within the county and there is a high probability of future events (Figures 2.13-2.17). Reoccurring dry conditions and wildland encroachment have resulted in a regular brush fire season that has seen continued rapid responses from local fire departments that have limited the impact of these events. Figure 2.12. Paradise Fire of 2015 burning in Queets Valley. Source: NPS 2023. Page 140 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Fires. E IIIII� ....:, Vi1. ,1. c. 126 av�o f f ....��:rr ICI"r , 7� :. r r Figure 2.13. Decadal wildfire frequency in Jefferson County from 1900 through 2023. Nres L.-.)y Size Class Rer Decade, 1900 2 02 3 A 1l1t B IIIIIIi Ij ; D IIIIIIIIIIII E IIIIIIIII Figure 2.14. Jefferson County fire size statistics per decade from 1900 through 2023. Size Class: A = 0.25 acre or less; B = greater than 0.25 to 10 acres; C = 10 to 100 acres; D = 100 to 300 acres; E = 300 to 1,000 acres; F = 1,000+ acres. Page i 41 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Acres Bur,rmeid Pr..,r [Delcade < < I kA < 14,,725 1 929 '112 IDS car,te Figure 2.15. Jefferson County acres burned per decade from 1900 through 2023. Pres by Cat.ise Per Decade, 1900 2023 25 .......... .......... 1.900 �2000 20,3".3. 2,".1"1.,", 21019 21'1211� D e :adl iim NH u, ni -ijwiaill IIIIII Figure 2.16. Jefferson County fire causes from 1920 through 2023. Page 42 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan ° 123 .C. 7 S 7, f.. z 43, 4. 3 14 d,4 1:'r illuuulu�luuu�u11 illuuulu luuuu luu� �U�� I� U I�� uuu�u��uuu�u��uu� ��rk� k Month Figure 2.17. Jefferson County monthly fire frequency from 1900 through 2023. 2.5 FIRE RESPONSE The Northwest Interagency Coordination Center in Portland, Oregon, serves as the central hub for coordinating resources, logistics, aviation support, and predictive services related to wildland fire management and suppression in the Northwest Region, encompassing Oregon and Washington. It collaborates with various state and federal agencies, such as the BLM, USFS, Oregon Department of Forestry, USFWS, BIA, WA DNR, and NPS, to ensure effective wildfire response and management (Northwest Interagency Coordination Center 2023). Jefferson County has an overall fire defense plan (Olympic Region Fire Defense Board 2021) with a stepwise process that local agencies use to summon additional resources for fire response. This process was used for the recent Beaver Valley Fire and Lake Sutherland Fire and is described in Figure 2.18. �e 2.5.1.1 it Jefferson County fire response consists of seven local fire protection districts composed of four fire departments (Figure 2.19). Information regarding fire department and fire protection district equipment and personnel is available in Appendix C. Page i 43 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan SF ID MOBILIZATION COORDINATOR R WSP Chief or designee approves the, irequest, issues resource order numbers, and activates State (Fire Mobilization Plan SF'M'O MOB'I1JUAT'I0N COORDINATOR WSP notifies the (Regional Fire Coordinator of mission numberl resource numbers„ resolurces rnobili:zed and ETA at HOST base, REGIONAL COORDINATOR Woa° ing pith the I'Host Fire Chief, declares regional resources overwhelrned�, completes the /ncidPent Complexity Analysis and "obd nation Request forms. Foams .sent to WA IEMD, REGIONAL COORDINATOR Informs, HOST agency of status of request and! ETA. of resources if approved. Deldlares mutual aid overwhelmed, notifies RegionalCoordinator* with situation report and fCP contact iinforntation6. Notil"Ies Local IDEM,, Contact S?FIMO6re6y f uin;ava,dabfe 01 1 01, MI. Verifies resource types, accepts request, activates Regional (Fire IResource, IPlan., Figure 2.18. Mobilization flowchart for the region. Source: Olympic Region Fire Defense Board (2021). Acronym definitions: ICP- Incident Command Post, SFMO - State Fire Marshal's Office, WA EMD - Washington State Emergency Management Division, WSP - Washington State Police, ETA - Estimate Time of Arrival, EOC - Emergency Operations Center. Local agencies use this state mobilization process to summon additional resources in cases where circumstances require it. For example, this process was employed during the Beaver Valley and Lake Sutherland fires. Page 144 6 c7 Z aB. A Y71 CO o E E o v tx U L1_ zu7 0. U ur [Ct CJ U f. ,....- . 0 11 IM I I I 1 . r,' a�r+r�,rd 4 � r ��. ✓ �'J/ N,kY/ Y� � �n '� � °a � � � � / � � u "�^ ��` ,,., � a rt�` /✓r��'PJ, / �yf. ,�/ �yr^"t/,llr �lu,j y�uVe �� ,� � �'A r✓ ��!r9 °j'9��i's Lit ari �.. ✓'41� 6 / r�G as er �% a�i Jtiti, '{�'"� �r ° � a'z` 91 lad{ �(uw.� ;'``✓" rfl raid ar - 5 f (rl.rr a,„ t�v �SNi�iYiL"(y/JrJh%Ti//1�tfL'IiH✓//^fg?bIP.,F¢161! H f�RS�7� '/- 6. 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P ✓ r rj i n%/ � � � %�i ��✓' IJ�t�✓ a iya i�` "'e n6V r i ?� A� � r r�l%" x "has ��1�� l� '� .r �% /�i J✓ m I ,,, t»✓ r� dd %%�/fi � r"� up � h if 91 a it/vrlr/ f '��, '' ✓� � JAk % ✓ r i � �r +s 61 ✓ r �.N ��' ��""V r""oh,✓ �� `l/o l ✓ 9 i a/ / r/r r+r� A TV �„ �"� � (� i� � orb// 4" � //i ,o-� � % ";� �'` ro �✓ �S /" °� �r 7 �ti� � � �a"� �� r r �TVAi r 6 itk ✓ 0 ✓ r �, q AYE /r r Jrt{ �i ��y�%�i��sii�lr%yH ��y �ii�;y✓/�� l%h`��Ir��✓rr iy�ry�mi�llb"�J��" ky »oNt�l�` Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2.5.1.2 Fire Departments and Fire Protection Districts Please note that efforts were made to communicate with all fire departments and districts, but information about resources was not always available. East Jefferson Fire Rescue East Jefferson Fire Rescue is an "all hazards response" department whose mission is to "protect life and property while providing compassionate service that meets the needs of our varied community through prevention, education and emergency response" (East Jefferson Fire Rescue 2022). Also known as Jefferson County Fire District No. 1, this district is the largest fire and emergency medical services provider in Jefferson County. The district was established in 1872 within the incorporated city of Port Townsend, and now includes the unincorporated communities of Cape George, Chimacum, Irondale, Kala Point, Marrowstone Island, Port Hadlock, Paradise Bay, Shine, Bridgehaven, Mats Mats, Swansonville, Beaver Valley, South Point and Port Ludlow, Washington (East Jefferson Fire Rescue 2023). The district supports emergencies that include motor vehicle accidents, commercial structure fires, emergency medical response including advanced life support and basic life support response, fire suppression, marine services, fire investigation and inspection, urban interface/wiIdland fires, and hazardous materials spills (East Jefferson Fire Rescue 2022). The Quilcene Fire Rescue Department is a special purpose district that was founded in 1954 and has since operated as a municipal corporation. The district is dedicated to protecting the 88 square miles surrounding Quilcene and Coyle within the Olympic Peninsula. The district's goal is to provide "fire prevention services, fire suppression services, emergency medical services, and the protection of life and property within its legal boundaries" (Quilcene Fire Rescue 2023). The district is recognized by the State of Washington as Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 2 under Title 52 Revised Code of Washington, has the authority to levy special taxes, and is governed by a three -member Board of Fire Commissioners (Quilcene Fire Rescue 2023). This Board of Fire Commissioners governs the operations of the district by determining levels of service, funding, goals, and strategic planning. In addition, they also establish policies, employ personnel, and represent the district to the public. The district is comprised of full-time staff and volunteers that support firefighting and emergency medical response capabilities. The Brinnon Fire Rescue Department (Jefferson County Fire Department No. 4) is a community -based organization founded in 1959 that employs both full-time fire staff and a dedicated team of volunteers to offer 24/7 support for the surrounding communities (Brinnon Fire Rescue 2023). The department protects approximately 132 square miles in the county, which contains the Olympic National Forest, U.S. Forest lands and lands managed by WA DNR, and the town of Brinnon between Olympia and Port Angeles (Jefferson County DEM 2018). The department encourages volunteers to apply to support the many stations within the district as the population surrounding Brinnon and the district's covered area increases (Jefferson County DEM 2018). Page 146 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Discovery Bay Volunteer Fire and Rescue is "committed to training to the highest of standards so that we are always prepared to best serve our community in emergency response situations" (Discovery Bay Volunteer Fire and Rescue 2023). The department was founded in 1969 and serves Discovery Bay, Eaglemount, Crocker Lake, and surrounding areas of the Jefferson County Fire District No. 5. The department is dedicated to fire suppression, emergency medical treatment, automobile accident response, wildland fire suppression, safety education, and residential fire inspection for 500 full-time residents and 500 temporary residents (Jefferson County DEM 2018). The department staffs a volunteer fire chief, lieutenant, firefighters, emergency medical technicians, engineers, and scene support to serve the 75 square miles within the district (Discovery Bay Volunteer Fire and Rescue 2023). Clallarn County Fire District No. 1 Clallam County Fire District No. 1 (CCFPD1) is headquartered in Forks, Washington, and serves the city of Forks and the unincorporated communities surrounding the town. A portion of the district is in the western part of Jefferson County, surrounding the northernmost portion of U.S. Highway 101. CCFPD1 is an all -hazards fire department that responds to wildfire, structure fires, hazardous materials incidents, motor vehicle collisions, and freshwater emergencies (via a swift water rescue team). The fire district also has formal mutual aid agreements with neighboring districts and responds to 200 to 1,500 calls each year (CCFPD1 2023). The department has one fire station in Forks and a second station in Beaver, Washington. Staff include 18 volunteer firefighters, 13 volunteer swift water rescue technicians, and eight recruits serving 6,453 residents (CCFPD1 2023). Clallarn County Fire District No. Clallam County Fire District No. 3 (CCFPD3) is "dedicated to excellence in serving, educating, and protecting our community through emergency medical services, fire suppression, and public education" (CCFPD3 2024). The district serves 142 square miles along a 24-mile stretch of U.S. Highway 101, just east of the Clallam County line into what was formerly a portion of Jefferson County Fire District 5. The district serves a wide variety of lands, including USFS and NPS lands in the area, farms, residential communities and housing developments, and industrial/commercial districts. The fire district also has mutual aid agreements with nearby districts, including the Clallam County Fire District No. 2. "Adding a fire station near the Hoh reservation would greatly improve response on that side of the county. Having more centralized response in the western part of the county would help a lot."— Deputy Hoagland . . ! ilia.-TO0 A large portion of the county is privately owned and managed, including land held by timber companies. Many of these companies have response resources intended to address fires on operational lands. Rayonier owns multiple water tenders that it strategically positions on lands being actively harvested and has indicated willingness to coordinate the use of this equipment during wildfire events. In discussions with a representative from Rayonier, it was also noted that contractors have a variety of heavy equipment that may be useful during a fire (personal communication, Kate McLean, Rayonier, 2023). Page 147 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Wildfire management in the state of Washington falls under the responsibility of the WA DNR. The WA DNR wildfire fighting force has access to over 1,300 trained employees ready to combat fires when necessary. This workforce comprises over 800 permanent employees and 550 seasonal employees. WA DNR's firefighting resources include approximately 120 wildland fire engines, nine helicopters, and six single -engine air tankers, all of which are contracted and available for WA DNR's firefighting efforts (WA DNR 2023b). They combat fires across more than 13 million acres of private and state-owned forest lands. WA DNR sets fire protection and safety equipment standards to support local fire districts in responding to wildfires. Additionally, they collaborate with local fire departments as well as the National Weather Service to provide fire weather forecasts and precaution levels. WA DNR employs various resources, including hand crews, engines, dozers, water tenders, helicopters, and planes, to extinguish wildfires and also engage with external entities to provide equipment and services for fire suppression (WA DNR 2023c). Management responsibilities for the state of Washington are divided amongst six upland regional offices; Jefferson County falls within the Olympic District. The Olympic District comprises diverse landscapes, including Pacific Ocean beaches and rainforest valleys. The district encompasses 371,000 acres of state forest, agriculture, urban, and conservation lands, including the Olympic Experimental State Forest. In these lands, WA DNR focuses on sustainable timber harvesting practices that consider the needs of wildlife. The district's staff also manage forest practices, oversee wildfire prevention, and lead firefighting efforts on both state and private forest lands in the region (WA DNR 2023d). The primary office for WA DNR is located in Forks, which provides foundational resources for wildland fire response in the western portion of the county. In addition, WA DNR has smaller offices in Chimacum and Port Angeles. The Chimacum station is seasonally staffed from May to September and includes one engine, and the Port Angeles station has a limited full-time staff that is supplemented during fire season. The Port Angeles station has two engines at its disposal. In the event of a large fire incident, dispatch is coordinated with other regional offices such as the Forks station to provide additional response resources (personal communications, WA DNR Olympic Region Office March 2024). The WA DNR provides live updates on wildfires for the Olympic region and other areas throughout the State on their website: Ihttps. //www..d. iir..w ..q�yZVM. dfiires. The BIA plays a critical role in providing wildland fire response on tribal lands through supporting local agency development, supplying equipment, and providing interagency coordination. The Division of Wildland Fire Management remains and sponsors personnel to meet interagency standards and qualifications. Additionally, the agency has seven interagency hotshot crews for firefighting. The BIA maintains a fleet of over 240 wildland fire engines and 12 aircraft to effectively respond to wildland fire and various all-risk situations across Native American communities nationally (BIA 2023). Page 148 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Hoh indi n Tribe Located 28 miles south of Forks in Jefferson County, the Hoh Indian Reservation is situated approximately 1 mile east from the mouth of the Hoh River to Ruby Beach. The tribe has acquired over 700 acres of new land, located east and adjacent to their original reservation along Lower Hoh Road and U.S. Highway 101. The Hoh Tribe currently consists of 30 homes, accommodating 120 residents, and in total there are 270 tribal members. The original reservation and western parts of the new trust lands are at low elevations near the Hoh River and the Pacific Ocean, though there are plans to relocate to an 80-acre parcel known as the Hoh Highlands, with approximately 45.3 acres south of Highway 101 (Hoh Indian Tribe 2022). Due to the looming threat of a tsunami, the entire community is in the process of relocating to higher ground within the next 6 to 7 years. The Hoh Indian Tribe does not have a fire station, leading them to depend on neighboring communities for fire response services. Unfortunately, communication with the nearest emergency response is inadequate due to their remote location. Fire incident response takes a minimum of 45 minutes to reach the Hoh Tribe's reservation, magnifying the tribe's risk to wildfire impact under conditions conducive to rapid fire spread (e.g., high wind, drought, extreme heat). Recently, they experienced a fire incident where they had to allow the structure to burn due to these communication challenges and insufficient local suppression resources to fight the fire. The severity of a wildfire for the Hoh Tribe depends on existing conditions and the availability of fire resources at the time of the incident (Hoh Indian Tribe 2022) A recently constructed fire station will now serve the Hoh Highlands, providing additional fire response capacity to meet the needs of the community. The community is extremely isolated with only one way in and out of the existing location, however, upon relocating to the new community site, ingress and egress should be improved. The new site also includes an existing facility for housing fire and other emergency management equipment and apparatus to improve the self-sufficiency of the tribe and allow for more immediate fire suppression. The Quinault Indian Nation (QIN) comprises the Quinault and Queets Tribes, along with descendants of five other coastal tribes. Guided by bylaws dating back to 1922 and a constitution from 1975, the QIN places great importance on self -governance and the management of their own affairs. The Quinault Indian Reservation features rich forests, water bodies, and Pacific coastline. The Reservation supports both cultural preservation and economic growth, hosting socioeconomic values such as the Quinault Pride Seafood and the Quinault Beach Resort. With a strategic plan emphasizing unity and resilience, the QIN remains determined to overcome challenges and build a promising future (QIN 2023a). Emergency fire response within the reservation faces challenges due to the tribe's limited size, potential access issues, and roadways often affected by water inundation or other natural impacts. The QIN is exploring the possibility of establishing additional tribal fire departments to address these issues as they anticipate future growth (QIN n.d.). In compliance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, the QIN is actively updating its 2017 HMP to enhance resilience throughout its territory (QIN 2023b). The tribe is also planning to relocate to a higher elevation. Page 149 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Olympic in I Forest The Olympic National Forest is located in the northwestern part of Washington State on the Olympic Peninsula, a distinct geographic region surrounded by saltwater on three sides. U.S. Highway 101 runs along the west coast, the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the north, and Hood Canal and Puget Sound to the east. This 6,500-square-mile area features complex terrain with winding ridges, steep mountains, canyons, and dense forests (USFS 2024). The wildfire response strategy in the Olympic National Forest emphasizes cost-effectiveness and alignment with land and resource management goals. An "Escaped Fire Situation Analysis" is conducted for wildfires that exceed established limits, weighing suppression costs against potential resource impacts. Priorities for protection include life and property, soil productivity, endangered species habitat, fish and wildlife habitat, timber investments, and air quality. For moderate to high -intensity wildfires, the strategy is control and contain, with an emphasis on minimizing visual and environmental impacts. Fuels management and prescribed fire are employed to meet management objectives and reduce fire hazards, with a focus on air quality maintenance. Resource Advisors provide guidance on reducing equipment - related impacts and rehabilitating affected areas (USFS 2024). Olympic National Park Located in the center of the Washington State's Olympic Peninsula, Olympic National Park is characterized by its exceptional natural diversity, covering 922,651 acres of three distinct ecosystems, including glacier -capped mountains, extensive Pacific coastline, and ancient temperate rainforests (NPS 2008). The park's extensive river systems are home to numerous native freshwater fish species and Pacific salmon, including the federally threatened bull trout. The park also provides habitat for over 1,100 native plant species, 300 bird species, 70 mammal species, and 24 endemic species found only within the park. Numerous federally listed species can also be found within the park. With boundaries spanning rugged, mountainous terrain into the Pacific Ocean, Olympic National Park is home to coastal environments, intertidal areas, valleys, and mountain peaks (NPS 2008). The management goals and strategies for the park have been defined in the Olympic National Park General Management Plan. The plan outlines a 15- to 20-year vision focused on preserving natural and cultural resources and enhancing visitor experiences. Among the numerous key elements touched on within the plan is fire management (NPS 2008). The park's fire management approach aims to restore and maintain natural fire patterns while making necessary modifications for compliance with regulations, protection of wildlife and cultural resources, and human safety. Land managers within the park aim to use advanced technology and ongoing monitoring to enhance their fire management program, with a focus on reducing hazardous fuels near structures and cultural sites (NPS 2008). The USFWS has three primary areas of focus regarding fire management strategies, including fuels management, wildfire management, and wildfire prevention. The USFWS aims to carry out fire management and land improvements in a safe and cost-effective manner to benefit both people and the landscapes. This will be achieved through the prioritization of fuel management programs such as Page 150 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan prescribed burns, fuel treatment projects, maintaining previous projects, leveraging funding, and promoting safety and security (USFWS 2023a). Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex is an administrative grouping of multiple National Wildlife Refuges in the State of Washington. Two refuges, the Quillayute Needles Wildlife Refuge and Protection Island, are located in Jefferson County. Quillayute Needles Wildlife Refuge is a remote and rugged area that is home to a diverse range of seabirds, including tufted puffins, common murres, and black oystercatchers. In addition to its bird populations, the refuge provides critical habitat for marine mammals like sea otters, harbor seals, and California sea lions (USFWS 2023b). Protection Island National Wildlife Refuge also houses seabirds and marine mammals, including nesting bald eagles, tufted puffins, glaucous -winged gulls, and northern elephant seals. The island serves as a critical breeding site for these species and has recovered from past damage, now thriving with wildlife (USFWS 2023b). Wildfire response for these coastal refuges is tailored to the unique challenges of their island settings (USFWS 2007). Given the remoteness and inaccessibility of the islands, initial attack actions may be limited. As a result, strategies such as monitoring from a distance or on -site, as well as confinement, may be employed. Suppression tactics and the use of certain equipment are carefully approved to minimize damage to the natural habitats and resources of the refuges, with consultation involving Resource Advisors and Agency Administrators. All fire response actions within the refuges consider factors like firefighter and public safety, resource management objectives, weather, fuel conditions, and the potential cost of these actions. The Olympic National Park has entered into an agreement with Quillayute Needles Wildlife Refuge, offering wildfire suppression assistance on refuge lands when resources permit (USFWS 2007). The wildland fire community is well known for its development of mutual aid agreements at the federal, state, and local levels. Such automatic aid agreements allow for the closest resources to respond to an incident as quickly as possible regardless of jurisdiction. Such agreements may also describe how reimbursement will be conducted; state resources responding to wildfires on federal land may have their associated costs reimbursed by the responsible federal agency, and the reverse is true for federal resources suppressing a wildfire on state land. In Washington state, mutual aid agreements are highly encouraged by the legislature to ensure public safety, health, and the protection of people's lives and property. There are two types of mutual aid agreements: Emergency Proclamation Mutual Aid, activated during a state of emergency declared by the governor, and Local Agency Mutual Aid, used in the absence of such a proclamation. Both agreements involve tribes and have cost recovery provisions (Washington State Department of Transportation [WSDOT] 2023). Mutual aid facilitates the mobilization of various resources, including fire services, transportation, and emergency management, across the state. The Washington state fire services mobilization plan outlines the framework for large-scale resource mobilization and grants the chief of the Washington state patrol the authority to implement this plan. The chief can activate fire resources under specific conditions, such as when the local mutual aid network is exhausted; there's a threat to life, property, or natural resources; local resources are insufficient; and the fire has significant statewide or even international implications (Washington State Fire Marshal's Office 2023). Page 151 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Jefferson County has multiple mutual aid agreements in place to ensure a robust response is on hand in any situation, and East Jefferson Fire Response has agreements with Kitsap and Clallam Counties and Quilcene Fire Rescue. Quilcene Fire Rescue maintains agreements with Kitsap and Clallam Counties, as well as a forest land agreement with WA DNR. The Brinnon Fire Department has mutual aid agreements with Mason, Kitsap, and Clallam Counties. Fire response in the region is coordinated through the Northwest Interagency Coordination Center which monitors fire activity and dispatches response resources across the state. The center is responsible for allocating federal hotshot crew and aviation resources to fires on federal and state lands in Jefferson County. Additionally, WA DNR maintains a regional dispatch for the Olympic Peninsula based out of Forks. WA DNR is responsible for wildfire mitigation efforts and incident response on state- and privately owned lands. Many timber companies additionally maintain some degree of response resources for addressing incidents on their land. Generally, these companies are willing to provide these resources to neighboring lands if it will aid in a strategic response, especially if the fire has spread from their privately owned lands. The safe and efficient evacuation from wildfire involves several factors, including: Public Alert and Warning: Jefferson County DEM (2023) has implemented a countywide notification system in cooperation with its municipalities. The Jefferson County Emergency Notification System allows residents to register phone numbers and emails to receive alerts. This allows county and municipal emergency agencies to rapidly communicate information regarding severe weather and disasters, evacuation notices, road closures, and any other relevant emergency information (Jefferson County DEM 2023). Because a portion of the local population lacks access to cell phones, the county is exploring alternative communication methods, such as ham radio, to ensure effective outreach and information dissemination. Other pathways for informing the community during an emergency are the local radio stations, WSDOT email alerts, social media, etc. (Jefferson County DEM 2023). Public Awareness: Through public outreach and education, agencies should encourage the community to sign up for emergency notifications, know their emergency evacuation zone, and plan for emergencies. The Jefferson County comprehensive plan discusses the importance of evaluation of existing subdivisions for evacuation routes and future planning needs, particularly in wildfire -prone areas, and emphasizes collaboration with the Jefferson County DEM to prioritize roadway improvements. Additionally, the plan calls for evaluations of how new developments may impact emergency response (Jefferson County 2023a). Housed within the annexes of the Jefferson County — City of Port Townsend All Hazard Mitigation Plan is the Jefferson County Evacuation Plan, outlining the scope and purpose of evacuation procedures within the County. The plan defines the authorities, emphasizing that an evacuation order serves as a formal notice for their protection. Law enforcement and incident command agencies are responsible for implementing and coordinating evacuation, with a focus on minimizing risk, protecting lives, and communicating warnings effectively. The plan also addresses various evacuation levels, warning methods, destination points, transportation considerations, and re-entry planning levels. Additionally, Page 152 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan it emphasizes the importance of assisting vulnerable populations and ensuring the safety of emergency responders during evacuation (Jefferson County DEM 2016). The Jefferson County DEM website provides information and resources related to evacuation and emergency response in the Jefferson County area of Washington. The website outlines the department's primary objectives, such as public education, coordination, field operations, and activation of the Emergency Operations Center during emergencies (Jefferson County 2023a). Included on the website is a Wildland-Interface Fire Evacuation Plan pamphlet, providing essential homeowner guidelines for mitigative actions and evacuation preparedness for wildfire incidents (Jefferson County 2023a). The Jefferson County DEM website can be accessed here: Ih.tt s //www:gg:j ff irsg1i..:w :u_s/950/De.,p.t-of- Emirqu.:..-,IVIugmut While the fire department plays a vital role in managing and responding to fires, it is not the role of the fire chief nor other fire department staff to personally guide neighborhood evacuations. Residents are encouraged to stay informed on local evacuation protocols, practicing individual preparedness and timely response in the event of an evacuation. These actions significantly contribute to community safety. For more information, see Appendix K, Evacuation Recommendations. Jefferson County worked with Ladris to run simulations of wildfire evacuation scenarios to plan for emergency management and promote community awareness. s #. s The Jefferson County DEM webpage hosts a tab dedicated to emergency alerts and warnings for disasters or other incidents requiring public notification. Through this website, residents are encouraged to stay informed and prepared for emergency conditions through various resources. Requiring no sign-up and broadcasting alerts through a variety of channels, the Emergency Alert System (EAS) serves as a national warning system that provides alerts for local weather emergencies. Residents are encouraged to sign up to receive emergency alerts via text, voice message, and email from the Jefferson County DEM, which can be done on the "Alerts & Warnings" tab of the Jefferson County DEM webpage. Local radio stations like KPTZ 91.9 FM, KROH 91.1 FM, and KIRO 97.3 FM play a vital role in communication efforts and can be useful tools for residents responding to emergency events. Additionally, WSDOT offers specialized email alerts on traffic conditions, mountain pass reports, and construction updates by region to keep residents informed about transportation -related emergencies. Please visit the following webpage to sign up for Jefferson County Emergency Alerts and learn more about alerts within the county: https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/1066/Alerts-Warnings In the event of a wildfire, it is important that residents, fire responders, and Jefferson County DEM have a plan for evacuation of pets and livestock. While creating evacuation plans, residents should take into consideration the time needed to load livestock into stock vehicles and evacuate during a wildfire incident. A local livestock animal team composed of volunteers assists with livestock evacuation in the areas, conducting simulated exercises to ensure proper execution and animal safety in the event of a disaster (personal communication, Fire Chief Tim Manly, 2023). There is also a need to pre -identify where animals can be taken for large animal shelter. Similarly, locations where small animals such as dogs and cats are picked up in the fire area should be pre - identified, as well as the lead agencies coordinating this work. Page 153 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Washington r Natural Resources Emergency Preparedness: Pets The WA DNR's guidance for pet owners in disaster preparedness is designed to protect the lives of pets and enhance the safety of disaster response efforts. Before a disaster has taken place, WA DNR recommends that homeowners carry out the following actions (WA DNR 2023e): • Ensure your pets have proper identification (microchip if possible). • Identify safe places to take your pets, such as pet -friendly hotels or the homes of friends or relatives outside the area. • Create a pet emergency kit with food, water, medications, and veterinary records. • Make plans with a trusted person to evacuate your pets or set them up with necessary supplies if you are not home during a disaster. • Identify safe locations within your house for your pets in case of an emergency is advised. During disasters pet owners are advised to evacuate with their animals whenever possible to ensure their well-being. It is crucial to check for wild animals around your property as disasters can disorient them, potentially causing them to seek refuge nearby. Additionally, the WA DNR recommends separating animals as one distraught pet's behavior during disasters can cause usually relaxed pets to become agitated (WA DNR 2023e). After a disaster, the WA DNR recommends keeping pets close and secured when evacuating, as they may become anxious. Upon returning home, it is recommended that pet owners help their pets adjust to a normal routine, preparing for potential behavioral issues stemming from the stress of the disaster and consulting a veterinarian if the issue persists (WA DNR 2023e). W71101111111111111111 In Jefferson County, water availability and supply for wildfire management are primarily managed through a combination of public and private water distribution systems. These water systems have emergency plans and procedures in place for responding to emergencies and are coordinated with broader emergency response plans (Jefferson County DEM 2016). The goals and policies related to water resources within the Jefferson County comprehensive plan aim to ensure a sustainable and safe water supply while protecting the quality and quantity of surface, ground, and marine water resources (Jefferson County DEM 2018). Jefferson County Public Utility District follows Jefferson County Ordinance No. 134, which dictates the location and placement of fire hydrants. Additionally, they ensure that fire hydrant installations and flow requirements adhere to the specifications and standards outlined in the same ordinance's current revision. This approach ensures that fire hydrants are strategically located and meet the necessary standards to support firefighting efforts effectively within the jurisdiction (Jefferson County Public Utility District 2023). The majority of communities within Jefferson County are equipped with fire hydrants that meet county codes (personal communication, Fire Chief Tim Manly, 2023). Examples of additional water supply sources in Jefferson County include boating docks along with water from the ocean and nearby ponds. Increasing human demand for groundwater, particularly during severe droughts, can lead to declining groundwater levels in certain areas, affecting water availability and the health of vegetation. The past practice of straightening rivers and streams has caused channels to incise and function as a drainage ditches, thereby reducing the groundwater in some areas. Groundwater levels may be enhanced by Page 154 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan implementing restoration actions to restore the "large wood cycle" and by re -introducing beavers where feasible, especially on public lands (Collins et al. 2012). Under extreme drought conditions, drained and desiccated peat or muck soils could become flammable. Once ignited, such fires are often very difficult to extinguish (Watts and Kobziar 2013). Page 155 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan This page intentionally left blank. Page 156 Disclaimer The purpose of the risk assessment process described herein is solely to provide a community and landscape -level overview of general wildfire risks within County as of the date hereof, and to provide a potential resource for community pre -fire planning. This risk assessment process is premised on various assumptions and models which include and are based upon data, software tools, and other information provided by third parties (collectively, "Third -Party Information and Tools'). SWCA, Incorporated, doing business as SWCA Environmental Consultants ("SWCA') relied on various Third -Party Information and Tools in the preparation of this plan, and SWCA shall have no liability to any party in connection with this plan including, without limitation, as a result of incomplete or inaccurate Third -Party Information and Tools used in the preparation hereof. SWCA hereby expressly disclaims any responsibility for the accuracy or reliability of the Third -Party Information and Tools relied upon by SWCA in preparing this plan. SWCA shall have no liability for any damage, loss (including loss of life), injury, property damage, or other damages whatsoever arising from or in connection with the risk assessment products contained herein, including any person's use or reliance on the information contained in those risk assessment products. Any reproduction or dissemination of the risk assessment products or any portion hereof shall include the entirety of this plan disclaimer. 3.1 PURPOSE CWPPs utilize wildfire risk and hazard analysis in order to guide wildfire mitigation efforts in the WUI and vulnerable landscapes. Although many definitions exist for hazard and risk, for the purpose of this document these definitions follow those used by the firefighting community: Risk is defined as the chance of a fire starting as determined by the presence and activity of causative agents (National Wildfire Coordinating Group [NWCG] 1998). Page i 57 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Fire Hazard is defined as the potential fire behavior or fire intensity in an area, given the type(s) of fuel present — including both the natural and built environment — and their combustibility (NWCG 1998). The Jefferson County CWPP utilizes two separate methodologies for determining risk and hazard: field assessments that consider structural ignitability at a community scale (Section 3.2) and desktop modeling that integrates fire behavior analysis at a broader landscape scale based on wildland fuels (Section 3.3). The field assessments (see Appendix C), using NFPA Structure Ignition Form 1144, evaluate structural hazards on a community scale through direct observation by trained personnel, resulting in an overall community risk rating. In contrast, the desktop analysis results in a Composite Risk -Hazard Model which illustrates potential wildfire behavior in wildland fuels on a countywide scale using established fire behavior models and GIS tools, relying on national data sources like LANDFIRE. These two methods inform development of the CWPP at differing scales, but are separate from each other. Using these methods, land managers, fire officials, planners, and others can begin to prepare strategies and methods for reducing the threat of wildfire, as well as work with community members to inform them about methods for reducing the damaging impacts of fire. The fuels reduction treatments can be implemented on both private and public land, so community members have the opportunity to actively apply the treatments on their properties, as well as recommend treatments on public land. The Jefferson County — City of Port Townsend All Hazard Mitigation Plan recognizes wildfire occurrence as an annual threat, exacerbated by heavy fuel loads, highly susceptible topography, and critical weather conditions (Jefferson County DEM 2016). 3.2 FIELD ASSESSMENTS Field assessments were conducted using the NFPA Wildland Fire Risk and Hazard Severity Form 1144 (see Appendix C). The NFPA standard focuses on individual structure hazards and requires a spatial approach to assessing and mitigating wildfire hazards around existing structures. The purpose of the field assessments and subsequent ratings is to identify fire hazards and risks at a community scale and prioritize areas requiring mitigation and more detailed planning. Each community was rated based on conditions within the community and immediately surrounding structures, including access, vegetation (fuels), defensible space, topography, roof and building characteristics, available fire protection, and placement of utilities. Each score was given a corresponding rating of low, moderate, high, or extreme, as described in Appendix C. It is important to note that the WA-WUI map does not contribute to the field assessment process or community ratings described in Appendix C in any way. The WA-WUI map was developed at a state scale using different assessment parameters. Field assessments for Jefferson County were conducted in September 2023. The full community -at -risk hazard ratings from the field assessments are provided in Appendix C. Page 158 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 3.3 COMPOSITE RISK -HAZARD MODEL INPUTS age The wildfire environment consists of three factors that influence the spread of wildfire: fuels, topography, and weather. Understanding how these factors interact to produce a range of fire behavior is fundamental to determining treatment strategies and priorities in the WUI. In the wildland environment, vegetation is synonymous with fuels. When sufficient fuels for continued combustion are present, the level of risk for those residing in the WUI is heightened. There are three primary modes of fire spread: surface fire spread (e.g., grasses and shrubs), crown fire (e.g., ladder fuels), and spotting (embers) (Figure 3.1). Surface fire spread occurs at ground level, crown fire spreads through the upper forest canopy, and spotting involves the transportation of embers ahead of the main fire. For this plan, an analysis of fire behavior has been carried out using well -established fire behavior models: FARSITE, FlamMap, BehavePlus, and FireFamily Plus housed within the Interagency Fuel Treatment Decision Support System (IFTDSS), as well as ArcGIS Desktop Spatial Analyst tools. Data used in the Composite Risk -Hazard Model is largely obtained from LANDFIRE. Page 159 a CL ■ 4- lb I I f- 71 w E ■ i 7L = E Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan LANDFIRE is a national remote sensing project that provides land managers a data source for all inputs needed for FARSITE, FlamMap, and other fire behavior models. The database is managed by the USFS and the U.S. Department of the Interior. More information can be obtained from Ihtt.p..//www.1andfiire..q.pv. FARSITE is a computer model based on Rothermel's spread equations (Rothermel 1983). FARSITE uses spatial data on fuels, canopy cover, crown bulk density, canopy base height, canopy height, aspect, slope, elevation, wind, and weather to model fire behavior across a landscape. Information on fire behavior models can be obtained from lh. .-.L w..fiir irq. Like FARSITE, FlamMap uses a spatial component for its inputs but only provides fire behavior predictions for a single set of weather inputs. In essence, FlamMap gives fire behavior predictions across a landscape for a snapshot of time; however, FlamMap does not predict fire spread across the landscape. FlamMap has been used for the Plan to predict fire behavior across the landscape under extreme (97% worst case) weather scenarios. � � i The fuels in Jefferson County are classified using Scott and Burgan's (2005) Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Model classification system. This classification system is based on the Rothermel surface fire spread equations, and each vegetation and litter type is broken down into 40 fuel models. The general classification of fuels is by fire -carrying fuel type (Scott and Burgan 2005): • (NB) Non -burnable • (GR) Grass • (GS) Grass -Shrub • (SH) Shrub • (TU) Timber-Understory • (TL) Timber Litter • (SB) Slash-Blowdown Table 3.1 provides a description of each fuel type included in Jefferson County. Figure B.1 in Appendix B illustrates the fuels classification throughout the county. It is important to note that due to limitations of the fuel model classification system, areas that are under active timber management may be classified as non -burnable, which does not accurately reflect fire behavior known to occur in these fuel types. As a result, fire behavior modeling in these areas may underpredict the potential fire behavior parameters —flame length and rate of spread. The Advisory Group is aware of this limitation but accepts that these are the best available data at the time of writing. The Advisory Group has included recalibration of fuel models as a project for the next revision of the CWPP. Page 161 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Table 3.1. Fuel Model Classification for the Jefferson County Planning Area i. GR1: Grass is short, patchy, and possibly heavily grazed. Spread rate is moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet); fine fuel load (0.40 ton/acre). ii. GR2: Moderately coarse continuous grass, average depth about 1 foot. Spread rate high (20-50 chains/hour); flame length moderate (4-8 feet); fine fuel load (1.10 tons/acre). i. GS1: Shrubs are about 1-foot high, low grass load. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet); fine fuel load (1.35 tons/acre). ii. GS2: Shrubs are 1-3 feet high, moderate grass load. Spread rate high (20-50 chains/hour); flame length moderate (4-8 feet); fine fuel load (2.1 tons/acre). i. SH1: Low fuel load, depth about 1 foot, some grass fuels present. Spread rate very low (0-2 chains/hour); flame length very low (0-1 feet). ii. SH2: Moderate fuel load (higher than SH1), depth about 1 foot, no grass fuels present. Spread rate low (2-5 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet); fine fuel load (5.2 tons/acre). ill. SH3: Moderate shrub load. Fuel bed depth 2-3 feet. Spread rate low (2-5 chains/hour), flame length low (1-4 feet). iv. SH6: Dense shrubs, little to no herb fuels. Fuel bed depth about 2 feet. Spread rate high (20-50 chains/ hour); flame length high (8-12 feet). .. IN i. TU1: Low load of grass and/or shrub with litter. Spread rate low (2-5 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet); fine fuel load (1.3 tons/acre). ii. TU2: Moderate litter load with shrub component. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet). iii. TU3: Moderate litter load with grass and shrub components. Spread rate high (20-50 chains/hour); flame length moderate (4-8 feet). iv. TU5: High load conifer litter with shrub understory. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length moderate (4-8 feet). i. TL1: Low to moderate load, fuels 1-2 inches deep. Spread rate very low (0-2 chains/hour); flame length very low (0-1 foot). ii. TL2: Low load, compact. Spread rate very low (0-2 chains/hour); flame length very low (0-1 foot). ill. TL3: Moderate load. Spread rate very slow (0-2 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 foot); fine fuel load (0.5 ton/acre). iv. TL4: Moderate load. Spread rate very slow (0-2 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 foot). v. TL5: High load conifer litter. Spread rate slow (2-5 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 foot). vi. TL6: Moderate load. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 foot). vii. TL7: Heavy load. Spread rate slow (2-5 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 foot). viii. TL8: Long needle litter; long needle fuel. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet). ix. TL9: Very high load fluffy dead and downed fuel littler. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length moderate (4-8 feet). Page 162 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan NB1: Urban or suburban development; insufficient wildland fuel to carry wildfire. ii. N1132: Snow/ice. iii. N1133: Agricultural field, maintained in non -burnable condition. iv. N1138: Open water. v. N1139: Bare ground. i. SB1: Fine fuel load is 10 to 20 tons/acre, weighted toward fuels 1 to 3 inches diameter class, depth is less than 1 foot. Spread rate moderate (5-20 chains/hour); flame length low (1-4 feet). Notes: Based on Scott and Burgan's (2005) 40 Fuel Model System. �Ii�� •Ii Topography plays a vital role in shaping fire behavior as it encompasses several key factors. The steepness of slopes significantly influences how a fire progresses, as steeper slopes can accelerate the spread of flames due to increased fuel availability and the potential for fire to travel uphill more rapidly. The aspect, which refers to the direction a slope faces, also impacts fire behavior by influencing the amount of sunlight received and the moisture levels in the vegetation. Variations in elevation contribute to variations in temperature, which in turn affect fuel moisture content and atmospheric stability, further influencing fire behavior. Additionally, landscape features such as canyons, ridges, and valleys can channel winds, potentially affecting fuels and intensifying fire behavior by directing flames and increasing the rate of fire spread. Understanding and considering these topographic factors are crucial for assessing fire risk, predicting fire behavior, and implementing effective wildfire management strategies. Of the three fire behavior components, weather is the most likely to fluctuate. As downslope winds from the Olympic Mountains and rising temperatures dry fuels in the spring and summer, conditions can deteriorate rapidly, creating an environment that is susceptible to wildfire. Fine fuels (grass and leaf litter) can cure rapidly, making them highly flammable in as little as 1 hour following light precipitation. Low live fuel moistures of shrubs and trees can significantly contribute to fire behavior in the form of crowning and torching. With high winds, grass fires can spread rapidly, engulfing communities, often with limited warning for evacuation. The creation of defensible space is of vital importance in protecting communities from this type of fire. For instance, a carefully constructed fuel break placed in an appropriate location could protect homes or possibly an entire community from fire. This type of defensible space can also provide safer conditions for firefighters, improving their ability to suppress fire and protect life, property, and the environment. One of the critical inputs for FlamMap is the fuel moisture files. The initial run of the Composite Risk - Hazard Model utilized the IFTDSS Auto 97th modeling parameters, which integrate historic fire weather data from nearby remote automated weather (RAW) stations. Page i 63 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan The following is a discussion of the fire behavior outputs from IFTDSS. Figure B.2 in Appendix B illustrates the flame length classifications for Jefferson County. Flame lengths are determined by fuels, weather, and topography. Flame length is a particularly important component of the Risk -Hazard Model because it relates to potential crown fire (particularly important in timber areas) and suppression tactics. Direct attack by hand lines is usually limited to flame lengths less than 4 feet. In excess of 4 feet, indirect suppression is the dominant tactic. Suppression using engines and heavy equipment will move from direct to indirect with flame lengths in excess of 8 feet. Flame lengths across the county range from 0 to more than 25 feet. The highest flame lengths are associated with the timber fuels found in the higher elevations of the county. It is important to note that due to limitations of the fuel model classification system, areas that are under active timber management may be classified as non -burnable, which does not accurately reflect fire behavior known to occur in these fuel types. As a result, fire behavior modeling in these areas may underpredict the potential fire behavior parameters —flame length and rate of spread. The Advisory Group is aware of this limitation but accepts that these are the best available data at the time of writing. The Advisory Group has included recalibration of fuel models as a project for the next revision of the CWPP. A 111111-0111HROM Figure B.3 in Appendix B shows the level of difficulty in performing fire control work on the landscape. The index considers topography, fuels, expected fire behavior under severe fire weather conditions, firefighter line production rates in various fuel types, and accessibility (distance from roads/trails). Figure BA in Appendix B illustrates the rate of spread classifications for the county. The rate of spread, or the speed with which fire moves away from the point of origin, is influenced by the slope. Fire moves at a faster rate uphill than downhill, thus the steeper the slope the faster the rate of spread. Additionally, steep slopes bring the fuels above the fire closer to a growing fire, making them more susceptible to ignition. Another issue with steep slopes is the possibility of burning debris rolling down the hill and igniting fuel below the main fire. This is illustrated in Figure 3.2. The rates of spread in the area range from 0 up to greater than 150 chains/hour (one chain is approximately 66 feet and is a common measure in wildland firefighting). Low rates of spread are associated with timber -dominated areas, while moderate and high rates of spread are associated with grass and shrub fuels and riparian vegetation. Page 164 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Figure 3.2. Demonstration of the effect of topography and wind patterns on fire behavior. U47 M =1 I NOTE • Figure B.5 in Appendix B illustrates the range of crown fire activity from surface fire (in grass -dominated areas) to passive and active crown fire (in timber -dominated fuels). Figure B.6 in Appendix B shows the likelihood of a given location on the landscape burning. Burn probabilities consider the size and frequencies of fires that occur on a given landscape as well as the rate of spread and weather conditions. Our Composite Risk -Hazard Model uses various inputs, which can be categorized into wildfire hazards and potential loss of valued assets. These inputs contribute to a raster data layer that assesses risk through weighting and summation. Hazard data sets consist of historical weather data, topography, vegetation, and fuel regimes. Threat data sets encompass ember exposure zones, burn probability, and fire history. Lastly, the values category includes data for the WUI, critical infrastructure, and natural, cultural, and socioeconomic assets. Page i 65 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan SWCA utilized the IFTDSS application to generate a landscape file for the county, incorporating various LANDFIRE data sets (fuels, slope, elevation, and aspect) into a single layer (Figure 3.3). Advisory Group input was used to refine the fuels model, resulting in customized fire behavior outputs. Subsequently, in Esri ArcGIS Pro, SWCA combined the fire history, fire station, WUI, suppression difficulty, and highly valued resource and asset (HVRA) data sets. Finally, to assess risk, a weighted sum raster process was conducted in ArcGIS Pro, assigning weights based on significance and Advisory Group input. All 10 inputs were given equal weight due to their potential impact to wildfire risk. Figure 3.3. Composite Risk -Hazard Model breakdown. The distance from the nearest fire station(s) to the community typically determines fire response times, and the level of suppression difficulty impacts effectiveness and feasibility of suppression efforts. The WUI and HVRAs designate areas that constitute life, property, and critical infrastructure. Lastly, fire occurrence, ember exposure, burn probability, and fire behavior characteristics (crown fire activity, flame length, and rate of spread) determine where a fire is likely to occur and the type, intensity, and speed at which the fire will spread. It is important to note that information gathered during the field assessments is not used in the Composite Risk -Hazard Model. Only data gathered through the desktop analysis process is included. Page 166 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 3.4 COMPOSITE RISK -HAZARD MODEL RESULTS Figure 3.4 illustrates the individual data sets and the relative weights assigned within the modeling framework. Table 3.2 shows the same data sets and weights but includes the data source. These include fire behavior parameters, HVRAs, WA-WUI, fire history, suppression difficulty index, burn probability, and distance from fire stations. Approximately 50 percent of the weight accounts for wildfire hazards and 50 percent accounts for resources and assets at risk, using HVRA and the WUI communities' data layers to indicate the location of community values exposed to wildfire. Without the inclusion of these resources and asset layers, the modeling approach would only yield wildfire hazard, not risk. Figure 3.5 is the Composite Risk -Hazard Model for Jefferson County and classifies the county into low, moderate, high, and extreme risk categories. Overall, the Composite Risk -Hazard Model (see Figure 3.5) shows high and extreme risk areas along the eastern portion of the county, with extreme risk areas particularly concentrated along the Puget lowlands on the eastern coast in the communities of Port Townsend, Irondale, Port Hadlock, Chimacum, and Quilcene. Due to the resolution of the data used in the modeling process, the Composite Risk -Hazard Model is not designed to be used to determine risk to individual parcels. r%/�1/��/�/� /// r rr" rM ✓ ff r Burn Probability Crown Fire Activity Rate of Spread Flame (Length 60G ,,fit �, r /�/�4 �l l ,,,./ � r � .1 � � � ✓'X vo� �� INIcaS��pia �� / � �4 �� " � r lB�.. ✓� lJ r r rw ! Suppression Difficulty Index Fire Occurrence Density 5 5° Composite Risk Hlazaird Mociei J/ r % I �vr %/ru r / iu IM �'; v��wrvr �! r,rrr�r<,,,�, ,. �.�,,,�,crl�iJvy�4r�o,�� ,,,��;,,,, „�1,,,�.. ,, 1//.✓�%//,; Highly Valuied Resources & Assets Wildlaind Urban interface Nre Stations Drive Times 10 4 5` Figure 3.4. Composite Risk -Hazard Model overlay process. Page 167 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Table 3.2. Composite Risk -Hazard Model Inputs, Sources, and Weights Million I • • WUI WA DNR SWCA e 40% HVRAs Jefferson County GIS and IFTDSS 10% Burn probability IFTDSS, LANDFIRE 10% Flame length IFTDSS, LANDFIRE 5% Rate of spread IFTDSS, LANDFIRE 5% Crown fire activity IFTDSS, LANDFIRE 5% Fire station drive time* Fire station data from fire protection districts/fire departments 5% Suppression difficulty index NIFC 5% Fire occurrence density IFTDSS, LANDFIRE, and SWCA 5% Note: IFTDSS and LANDFIRE are federal databases for fire planning. 'Distance from fire stations was partitioned in 5-minute (rated 0), 10-minute (rated 1), 15-minute (rated 2), and >15-minute (rated 3) drive time intervals. SWCA used the Esri tool —generate service areas —and configured the analysis for access for emergency vehicles. Page i 68 Q N v �r 'Csti rx� ai a, C9 Co7 0N d �. Q.. x — «I p �s c y� 2 y:. n (II 4 00 21 N p N d Q 21 jf C7 Q a-T uw N 1 < .aLD b m,; fr �, 9 nhyi; Aim✓ '`s..' ¢gyp r n8 �a r 0r w y' ✓ ^iovur Wgi tt8 �7 %lt�v�m CiC" � ✓I aC.7 w y� � W� � � �yw � � i � nur�rrrr� ra�rr 1 I 't � / �` 1"'��''j11/'�r �� a � ,��" '" I �; ✓ F/ � 1 I q� 11 ` � r'' ask "�"Yh�/il "+ i ' �« r ✓ `cJ�w1i�' ��iYy 611, iNi; i anln �� G m�' JE Mg, �o�iyr muf;o ��, �ci �'I —Mixc GS I 0 i �„ ri➢yr%iNw w ar �F �'%' '+�, nyy✓t tin �yJ�df,�'✓ fir Qa14 ¢YN N iA e, r 0 i yw b.,A, F I k ' 1t! /` r d 9, � 4 P '. GSXIW✓oNrx�i y/�� /� ��it�, '^u 44 �ri�Dl �✓, I � G �`$ y sz y. s��V IM Pq �lr � t r Or ro W) M L LM LL rn (6 d Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 3.5 COMMUNITY VALUES Earlier compilation of the critical infrastructure in the county, coupled with the community assessments, public outreach, and Advisory Group input, has helped in the development of a list of community values that may be exposed to wildfire. These data are also supplemented with HVRA data, which is a data set that is being gathered nationwide and available through the IFTDSS. In addition to critical infrastructure, other community values exposed to wildfire can include natural, social, and cultural resources. It is important to note that although an identification of values potentially exposed to fire can inform treatment recommendations, a number of factors must be considered in order to fully prioritize areas for treatment; these factors include appropriateness of treatment, land ownership constraints, locations of ongoing projects, available resources, and other physical, social, or ecological barriers to treatment. Page 170 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Jefferson County contains a wide variety of natural resources, including rare habitats and listed species (see Table 1.3 in Chapter 1); parks and open spaces owned by city, state, federal, and private entities; waterways; and other important natural areas and resources (Figure B.8 in Appendix B). A majority of the county is publicly owned, with 75% of land falling under the jurisdiction of the NPS, Washington State Parks, Department of Fish and Wildlife, WA DNR, and other public entities (Jefferson County Parks and Recreation 2022). Public outreach throughout the county has emphasized the importance of protecting natural/ecological values to the general public (Figure 3.6). The county manages a combined 1,151 acres of parks and open space. Examples of natural values and places identified by the public, Advisory Group, and previous planning efforts include the following: • Local and regional parks o Elwha-Dungeness Watershed o Indian Island County Park and Trial • NPS lands o Gibbs Lake County Park o Olympic National Park o Cape George Trailhead • USFS lands o Irondale Community Park o Buckhorn Wilderness o Chimacum County Park o The Brothers Wilderness o H.J. Carroll County Park and Trail o Colonel Bob Wilderness o Oak Bay County Park • Washington State Parks Lands o Broad Spit County Park o Anderson Lake State Park • Jefferson Land Trust protected properties: o Kinney Point State Park o Chimacum Creek watershed o Fort Flagler State Park o Chimacum Ridge Community Forest o Fort Worden Historical State Park o Illahee Preserve o Fort Townsend Historical State Park o Quimper wildlife corridor o Dosewallips State Park o Duckabush Riparian Forest and o Triton Cave State Park Duckabush Oxbow and Wetland o Pleasant Harbor State Park Preserve o Triton Cove State Park o Dabob Bay and Tarboo Valley o Mystery Bay State Park • Tamanowas Rock Sanctuary Washington Department of Fish and • Outdoor recreation areas Wildlife —managed lands: o Scenic viewsheds o Chimacum Wildlife Area o Trail systems o Discovery Bay wildlife Area o Scenic rural areas o Tarboo Wildlife Area o North Olympic Wildlife Area • Watershed Resource Inventory Areas o Duckabush Wildlife Area o Quilcene — Snow Watershed • Wildlife critical habitats o Skokomish — Dosewallips Watershed o Bull trout o Sol Duc — Hoh Watershed o Chinook salmon o Queets — Quinault Watershed o Steelhead Page 171 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan o Island marble butterfly o Northern spotted owl o Killer whale o Taylor's checkerspot o Marbled murrelet Figure 3.6. Example of scenic viewsheds present within Jefferson County. Page i 72 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Socioeconomic values include population, recreation, infrastructure, commercial, and economic resources and the built environment (Figure B.9 in Appendix B). Large portions of communities in the county are located within the WUI. Examples include the following: • Communications infrastructure (e.g., cell 0 Commercial timber lands (Figure 3.7) phone and radio towers) • Churches • Tourism values (e.g., restaurants, Care homes, senior housing, day care, recreational facilities) and other group homes • Schools • Water storage • Public safety infrastructure • Recreation sites (e.g., golf courses, • Highways trails, parks) • Municipal infrastructure • Agricultural land and food systems • Industrial infrastructure (local farms, fish and shellfish habitat) • Water treatment plants Figure 3.7. Example of a socioeconomic value: timber industry lands. Wildfire impact could result in the loss of valuable timber resources and disrupt the supply chain. Source: Rayonier (2023) Page 173 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Many historical landmarks are scattered throughout the county (Figure B.10 in Appendix B). Cultural values include buildings, sites, and districts that are part of the National Register of Historic Places, tribal lands, and other structures and places identified by the public and Advisory Group. Examples of cultural values that have been identified by the Advisory Group and the public in the planning area are the following: • Cicmahan Trail 0 Point Wilson Lighthouse • Port Townsend Historic District 0 Kuhn Spit Archeological Site • Chimacum Dairy and Finnriver Orchard • Jefferson County Courthouse • Duckabush River Bridge 0 Enchanted Valley Chalet (Figure 3.8) • Fort Flagler • Tamanowas Rock Sanctuary • Fort Worden Figure 3.8. An example of a cultural value, the National Register of Historic Places —listed Enchanted Valley Chalet. Source: National Register of Historic Places (2023) Page 174 'I�ViIV�k1l�MW'"'k'Yn��i�✓tl(Il�i��F' /i�Ii�l/i/'. „ �„/,., , �, ,, ,,'„, „/ ,,,rr�;� , ,, „,,,,''; ,9(�%%,;,UAW', � '��J�� /,�„ I��/s�Gfuo��dl%/�r,%l ��i��i��,'%ll�'��l�I��lIRf? The Plan recommendations have been structured around the three main goals of the Cohesive Strategy: restoring and maintaining landscapes, fire -adapted communities, and wildfire response. Many of the recommendations listed can be implemented at the homeowner or community level. Projects requiring large-scale support can be further prioritized based on the Composite Risk -Hazard Assessment. Recommendations in this chapter have also been aligned with the strategies in the 2016 Jefferson County — City of Port Townsend All Hazard Mitigation Plan (Jefferson County DEM 2016) wherever possible. 4.1 GOAL 1: RESTORE AND MAINTAIN LANDSCAPES Efforts to restore and maintain landscapes should focus on vegetation management and hazardous fuel reduction. Jefferson County is largely composed of public lands managed by federal and state agencies including the USFS, NPS, Washington State Parks, and other entities that actively manage fuels and forest health. Figure 4.1 shows fuels treatments that are proposed, planned, or in progress in and around the county. Olympic National Park maintains a policy of managing fires for forest health and ecological benefit when the fire poses no direct threat to life or property (NPS 2005). The park also recently updated its fire management plan with an environmental assessment completed in 2019. The environmental assessment evaluated impacts and benefits of manual and mechanical fuels treatments across the park allowing future treatments to be prioritized in areas with high wildfire hazard, where values are at risk, and where sequential treatment or cross -boundary treatments would be beneficial to landscape -scale forest health (SWCA 2019). Olympic National Forest operates under the guidance of a similar fire management policy that directs how wildfires will be managed based on proximity to resources and fire intensity. The USFS also maintains a webpage that gives details on proposed and active projects in the forest (USDA 2023). Currently, no specific projects are proposed on national forest or national park lands; however, in discussions with forest managers for the two federal agencies, priority treatment areas have been Page i 75 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan identified and both agencies are working to map priority treatment areas (USDA 2023). Areas identified as critical treatments have included roadways, especially park entrances where dense canopy cover poses an evacuation hazard, and national forest land adjacent to Lords Lake, a reservoir with water supply infrastructure and a valuable recreation site (USDA 2023). I .1.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS FUEL MODIFICATION As described in Section 2.2. the County is comprised of vegetative fuels that historically and naturally would burn every 50 years to over 1,000 years (Fryer and Luensmann 2012; LANDFIRE 2020). For wildfire frequency, these are considered as long return intervals that result in fire events that are often very intense because fuels establish over long periods, wildfires can consume entire forest stands. While these are natural processes that have occurred for millennia, development in the WUI has increased exposure of values to this intense fire behavior. Research has shown how fuel treatments in the WUI can change fire behavior to support suppression activities and protect homes (Evans et al. 2015). Fuels can be modified with a strategic approach to reduce the threat high -intensity wildfires pose to lives, property, and other values. Recommendations focus on reducing fire intensity and fire spread rates proximate to structures, consistent with Firewise and International Fire Code standards. Further into open space areas, treatments tend to emphasize forest health and increasing resiliency to catastrophic wildfire and other disturbances. Recommended projects focus on fuels management on and adjacent to roadways, near WUI communities, and improving opportunities for private landowner actions. Projects are also identified to streamline future treatments by standardizing techniques, ensuring other county planning documents integrate mitigation, and introducing unique and community focused programs and incentives to land management. For broader recommendations, such as fuel modification in high -hazard areas, recommendations are provided which detail required steps for implementing the defined project. Implementation timelines are dependent upon available funding sources, agency and personnel capacity, and NEPA and State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) requirements for treatments pursued on public lands. Treatments on state-owned lands will require SEPA compliance as well as any treatment that receives state funding to complete. Projects implemented on national forest and national park lands will require coordination with forest or park representatives to complete NEPA requirements and submit documentation as the lead agency. Coordination with these agencies should also include discussion on existing documents and assessments that may be tiered to or adopted for new projects which may reduce time to meet federal compliance requirements. Through the planning process the Advisory Group identified high -risk wildland areas and communities at risk of wildfire. Areas of concern include portions of the county with a high concentration of HVRAs and WUI communities with high potential exposure to wildfire. Other priority areas are those with active management activities that could be built on to increase landscape -scale resilience. Land managers should consider prioritizing these areas to protect life, property, and resources. Treatment types will be site specific but should address a need to slow fire spread or mitigate potential extreme fire behavior Page i 76 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan parameters, such as high flame lengths or fireline intensity. Wildfire does not stop at jurisdictional boundaries, and therefore, it is crucial that projects are implemented across borders with coordination at all jurisdictional levels. While residents within these areas of concern should prioritize fuel treatments in the home ignition zone (HIZ), it is advisable to reduce fuels beyond the HIZ for properties within the WUI. See Appendix E for home hardening strategies to reduce the ignitability of your home and build greater resilience to wildfire impacts. "This plan can help the Land Trust, County, DNR, and other forest managers by identifying priority risk areas, defining a path forward and opportunities to fund projects - and to work together in priority areas." — Jefferson Land Trust When possible, simultaneously planning for the management of multiple resources while reducing fuels will ensure that the land remains viable for multiple uses in the long term. The effectiveness of any fuel modification depends on the degree of maintenance and monitoring that is employed. Monitoring will also ensure that objectives are being met in a cost-effective manner. The treatment list is by no means exhaustive and serves to provide a baseline of recommended projects for the future management of Jefferson County. Many projects may be eligible for grant funds available from federal and/or state sources. For a list of funding sources, please refer to Appendix D. Page 177 ER o7 0 0 j R 5 p LL C, UO L 0 0, 0 E o so "M > 0- C) M M C- H a LD (D m 4) 17 1 CL I I I I I I 'T '0--®r,f�ad ........ go�� . ... A OP" 0 III rKi . . . .... ... 2, I�N I'd IQ 1-1 g"If '7j' (Uaw z, t KU C—N 0 (L 12 A. of J eg 0•— � All tg, W Al "AMYL f �� // l /J�l1i /%% ��j�� qfKE e/ pp A / Mill, 4" wdo "a, wo, 'k R 'N 1j,"WO" Xl� A If ic- hroily All fj /r a/m/ Pg/ Qp 'to -------------------------- ----------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 00 I — a) 0) cu IL 06 U,2) .0 uao 5 IL < 0 4- 3� 'E . 0 0 w S z a U jz CC L� U) LD 41 ra - 2 0 0 . . . .. . .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .... . .. ... ..... 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National Park Service The NPS conducts targeted fuels reductions and thinning to protect properties, reduce fuel continuity, and limit ladder fuels. The agency has a target of treating up to 200 acres of forest per year to maintain fuel loads (NPS 2005). In discussions with NPS personnel, the Hoh rainforest park entrance was identified as a hazard risk due to narrow, single -entrance roads and dense fuels loads (personal communication, Joseph Crowe, USFS, 2023). Work in this area will require cooperation between the national park and bordering landowners. U.S. oresService In early 2023, the Hood Canal Ranger District, part of Olympic National Forest, contracted a local silviculture specialist to complete thinning and hazardous fuels removal on 182 acres of land within the ranger district. This project is anticipated to be completed by the end of February 2024. Approximately 28% of the fuels reduction work was completed as of November 2023 (USFS 2023b). Jefferson County Jefferson County has been active in managing the forested lands it owns and, in 2020, established a pilot forest management program. The program is intended to identify and prioritize action on County -held lands to reduce fuel loads. In 2019, a forestry study was completed that assessed all parks and other land held by Jefferson County and recommended priority actions with mapped project boundaries (Jefferson County 2019). The forestry program targeted a total of 312 acres of treated land. Completed projects have included treatments near Gibbs Lake County Park and Camp Beausite (2020), Chimacum County Park Complex (2020), Trailhead Park (2021), Larry Scott Trail (2021), and Cape George (2021) (Jefferson County 2020). Jefferson d Trust Jefferson Land Trust owns and manages a variety of primarily forested lands with the mission of permanently protecting their conservation values, such as fish and wildlife habitat, water quality, and productive timberland. They also hold conservation easements on primarily forested land owned and managed by other private landowners, which are designed to also permanently protect the conservation values of those lands, including resilient and healthy forests. The organization has been active in managing forested areas for project specific objectives such as climate resilience, timber production, bird habitat improvement, and stand diversity and succession. These actions also improve the fire resilience of the properties (Jefferson County Trust 2010). As concern about forest health has risen, more private forest owners have grown interested in proactively managing their lands. The Northwest Natural Resource Group, a nonprofit group dedicated to strengthening ecological and economic value of northwest forests, partnered with the Jefferson Land Trust to host a hands-on forest health strategies workshop where private forest owners can learn about forest management science and techniques to implement on their land (Northwest Natural Resource Group 2021). Communities that have been active in managing the forests adjacent to them include Queets, the Hoh Indian Reservation, Leland, Dabob and Camp Discovery, Beaver Valley and Port Ludlow, and Gardiner. Page 185 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Washington State DepartmentNatural Resources The Western Washington Financial Assistance Program, administered by the WA DNR Service Forestry Program, aims to enhance forest resiliency, and minimize the risk of catastrophic fires. The program supports projects such as thinning dense tree stands, creating firebreaks, removing invasive species, pruning, slash disposal, tree planting, and prescribed burning. The program provides financial assistance for up to half of the actual incurred costs for projects such as thinning dense stands, creating firebreaks, removing invasive species, and more. However, it excludes activities like the removal of select trees due to mortality, post -timber harvest activities, and landscaping. Eligibility is determined by WA DNR field staff, following the landowner's completion of the application process. The application process involves an initial property visit by the field staff, submission of a Request for Financial Assistance form, agreement to forest treatment prescriptions, and obtaining at least three bids from contractors. Upon WA DNR's review and approval, the landowner is then responsible for project completion and tracking costs, and maintaining the treated area for at least 15 years following the project's completion. Financial assistance is available for forest stewardship plans, with varying amounts based on acreage. Landowners are required to comply with legal requirements and permit regulations. Applications for stewardship plans are encouraged throughout the year, with funding available from both federal and state sources, emphasizing non-discrimination and equal opportunity. 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Eo o )); & \o o 2)E o \ \\ E &;7 / )(\ -o o Bo ( \/j \ \So , )(§ \ \\\ (o /ƒ {(E oo :!! � }\\ A Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 4.2 GOAL 2: FIRE -ADAPTED COMMUNITIES Efforts to create fire -adapted communities include public education and outreach actions and actions to reduce structural ignitability. Just as environmental hazards must be mitigated to reduce the risk of fire loss, so must human hazards. Lack of knowledge, lack of positive actions (e.g., failing to create adequate defensible space), and negative actions (e.g., keeping large amounts of flammable debris and rubbish on the property) all contribute to increased risk of loss in the WUI. Methods to improve public education could include increasing awareness about fire department response and resource needs; providing workshops at demonstration sites showing Firewise landscaping techniques or fuels treatment projects; organizing community cleanups to remove green waste; publicizing availability of government funds for treatments on private land; providing specific outreach targeted toward seasonal and recreational visitors to the Olympic Peninsula; developing resources to support vulnerable populations, such as elderly residents; and, most importantly, improving communication between homeowners and local land management agencies to improve and build trust, particularly since the implementation of fuel treatments and better maintenance of existing treatments needs to occur across property boundaries and in the interface between public and private land. The Advisory Group emphasizes that wildfire resilience requires residents to not be complacent in their role and responsibility for mitigating wildfire risk. The Jefferson DEM provides the community with a webpage containing resources for various disaster and emergency scenarios including wildfires. Included are general recommendations for implementing defensible space on one's property and various home hardening strategies such as clearing vegetation around homes and structures and prepping for various levels of evacuation. In addition, county fire departments and districts are active in addressing the necessity of community engagement with the implementation of various education programs, tools, and safety guidelines. i Reducing structural ignitability is a core focus that should be implemented throughout the county. Reduction of structural ignitability depends largely on public education, which provides homeowners the information they need to take responsibility for protecting their own properties. Carrying out fuels reduction treatments on public land may only be effective in reducing fire risk to some communities. If homeowners have failed to provide mitigation efforts on their own land, the risk of home ignition remains high, and firefighter lives are put at risk when they carry out structural defense. Preparing for wildfire by creating defensible space around the home is an effective strategy for reducing structural ignitability as discussed under Cohesive Strategy Goal 1: Resilient Landscapes. Studies have Page i 95 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan shown that burning vegetation beyond 120 feet of a structure is unlikely to ignite that property through radiant heat (Butler and Cohen 1996), but firebrands that travel independently of the flaming front have been known to destroy houses that had not been impacted by direct flame impingement. Hardening the home to ignition from embers, through a series of actionable steps including maintaining vent coverings and other openings, is also strongly advised and imperative to protect a home from structural ignitability. It is highly encouraged that homeowners prioritize this step to reduce the structural ignitability of their homes in the event of wildfire. Managing the landscape around a structure by removing weeds and debris within a 30-foot radius and keeping the roof and gutters clean are two maintenance measures proven to limit combustible materials that could provide an ember bed and ignite the structure. Unplanned developments, such as those discussed in Chapter 1, pose a significant hazard to WUI communities and forest lands. The Jefferson County Department of Community Development maintains a Wildland Urban Interface Property Development Guide, which provides requirements for defensible space and building construction materials along with a checklist to guide WUI home construction. As of July 2023, the county adopted the International WUI Code with all new building plans required to meet code standards (Jefferson County 2023b). These requirements should be administered to all planned and unplanned housing units to reduce the potential of WUI ignitions and spread. More information is on the City of Port Townsend's Building Code is found here: htt s://www.code ublishin.com/WA/Poirt..l..owuiseuid/#!/Poirt..I..owuiseuidl6/Poirt"l"owuiseuidl6O4.1html 16.04. ..............................................................p....................................g.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Detailed information regarding defensible space practices, as well as a list of actions for reducing structural ignitability, can be found in Appendix E. 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O °- E O L m O O -O°- "�O d CC) U a U L a N O T mm > > > N 0 N O` E>y=°j r C O U .L.. --E 0- i°n ¢ N T U N U � L O0E E O 0 N�§ � 0O E ¢- 00 ° dO E2Lo ":N'`�O�_ 0 m° _-N mm co m 55 - N 0T �mO� b- L 0I z0.5 a mE a0� H b O a OOo >oa d O000 - T m>N>°O`-=O xL'dO C, NNU "O -0C > � '^ E .m o n O - > M N w N cam 25 o-° comma`-° w=TE ¢�- G� o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O G� U mV U mV ° 'o m(j D T D T N O '> �Mo .0 (0) _T U QQ U U r 0 a o 0 x m o mu i=omE R- m � 12 _a U) U) � U) x U Q � U Q U Q x U Q *` A o E E 0 \\ &)) _ \ Fr 3: o ) \ ) }(/) `- &){/{ i \\go15 �\ IN lo )\§{§$ ){{$ )t c « o 2 = \\ o' E=B ±^r --- )j Q(B`*o /\ ( - ®/ )\Ei}(,co§ 1\\\ \\ lo \\ �\\\\\\\\ E \ 4 1E oo �\k.\®\k\{))/ :E]:§§ $)o lo> \ §f f)\i &!;## )§#]![! !E{)$[E>)3#E2:$([l> lo §{{ \!!/ {)r fi= Z\±/ )\;) { { co � o. \�\\\\\ mE \�\ \\/)\\)\ \(\\ } �} A Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 4.3 GOAL 3: WILDFIRE RESPONSE All jurisdictions participate in making and implementing safe, effective, efficient risk -based wildfire management decisions. i Informing and empowering the public so they can reduce dependence on fire departments is essential because these resources are often stretched thin due to limited personnel. Increasing awareness and knowledge to enhance community preparedness is a key factor in supporting local fire departments in fire response, particularly educating residents about emergency notifications and evacuation protocols so that residents can safely evacuate an area while emergency responders prepare to protect life and property. These recommendations for promoting safe and effective wildfire response incorporate a variety of measures and actions that aim to enhance the county's fire safety and emergency response capabilities. They include establishing improved response coordination, creating new positions, improving public safety communications, and enhancing fire response resources and capabilities. Additionally, there is a focus on increasing budget and funding support. Descriptions of each fire response recommendation, with the goal of accomplishing Cohesive Strategy Goal 3, can be found in Appendix H. Appendix H also includes details regarding these recommendations, including a broad timeline, location specifics, potential collaborators, approach methodology, monitoring approaches, and potential funding channels. Page i 103 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan This page intentionally left blank. 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The amount of money and effort invested in implementing a plan such as this requires that there be a means to describe whether the goals and objectives expressed in this plan are being accomplished according to expectations. Furthermore, as the Plan evolves over time, there may be a need to track changes in policy, requirements, stakeholder changes, and levels of preparedness. These can be significant for any future revisions and/or addendums to the Plan. It is recommended that project monitoring be a collaborative effort. There are many resources for designing and implementing community -based, multi -party monitoring that could support and further inform a basic monitoring program for the Plan (Egan 2013). Table 5.1 identifies suggested monitoring strategies. Table 5.1. Recommended Monitoring Strategies Project tracking system Online web app to track hazardous fuels projects spatially, integrating wildfire risk layer to show progress toward wildfire hazard and risk reduction. The web app would include attribute tables that outline project details County Interactive tool will be easily updated and identify areas that require additional efforts Photographic record Establish field GPS location; Advisory Group Relatively low cost; (documents pre- and post -fuels photo points of cardinal member repeatable over time; used reduction work, evacuation directions; keep photos for programs and tracking routes, workshops, classes, protected in archival location objectives field trips, changes in open space, treatment type, etc.) Number of acres treated (by GPS/GIS/fire behavior Advisory Group Evaluating costs, potential fuel type, treatment method) prediction system member fire behavior Page i 111 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Number of HIZs/defensible GPS Homeowner Structure protection space treated to reduce structural ignitability Number of residents/citizens Meetings, media interviews, Advisory Group Evaluate culture change participating in any Plan articles member objective projects and events Number of homeowner Visits, phone Agency Evaluate objective contacts (brochures, flyers, representative posters, etc.) Number of jobs created Contracts and grants Advisory Group Evaluate local job growth member Education outreach: number, Workshops, classes, field trips, Advisory Group Evaluate objectives kinds of involvement signage member Emergency management: Collaboration Agency Evaluate mutual aid changes in agency response representative capacity Codes and policy changes Qualitative Advisory Group Plan changes affecting the Plan Number of stakeholders Added or dropped Advisory Group Plan changes Wildfire acres burned, human Wildfire records Advisory Group Compare with 5- or 10-year injuries/fatalities, infrastructure average loss, environmental damage, suppression, and rehabilitation costs 5.1 IMPLEMENTATION This Plan makes recommendations for prioritized fuels reduction projects, measures to reduce structural ignitability, and methods for carrying out public education and outreach. Implementation of projects must be tailored to the specific project and will be unique to the location depending on available funding resources and regulations. Information pertaining to funding is provided in Appendix D. 5.2 PLAN EVALUATION CWPPs are intended to reduce the risk from wildfire for a community and surrounding environment. However, over time, communities change and expand, vegetation grows back, and forests and wildlands evolve. As such, the risk of wildfire to communities is constantly changing. The plans and methods to reduce risk must be dynamic to keep pace with the changing environment. An evaluation of this Plan will gather information and identify whether the plans and strategies are on course to meet the desired outcomes or if modifications are needed to meet expectations. It is recommended that the Plan be evaluated on an annual basis, which should be completed by convening the existing Advisory Group so that all entities contribute to the evaluation. The Plan document and planning goals and objective should be updated annually, based on findings from the evaluation. Page 1112 Q N � C M Qy 6 C o c U E m c —,u F, r. Uoc —c E C N w O "T7 P tG d r 6= Q N "'e] '73 r nJ p tp C C O O E ry Q U m- t N �.. wsue- y "�z p r oo a o o -a ® C a 2E m w n - � ry r� � ar � z •°1 y � � � � �' a I�IIINIPII/��4N/OIOIfE O ^ate m a Q ._� cuoi Kuril p a O trY rj C to u z�. -e_ m -J ", m a ci .� Fi m tU CL c- m © �'' > 2 .�" V > a9 N' 03 C Y7 '� N ¢Qo A Q u 4n .v an m m Uo I IIII{4'yN�Aflflplll � IIII UI UI)y\I\I Q1 C !2 E Ci, S p IM �. coN IN TR „� E ® E E « E = a -C S1 C a C1 U tl W r m d � MIIIm�Vtil��OM p as U oo � � .� � a O to > qs S Cl TJ L O i 7 } �Ta o O c N W m eT Q tv m- m 1 E E m Sr ram.. S S� L y� S .. S y M S I S S 7 S S , S� S S E S S y S t15 -' S CJ ]C NNMpM�MNMiV 7 UI' nd T � Cn 7, f1 W �pMII (j," NR1711uu11 l((Nti ffffff IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII lllllllllllllllllllllllf. UIU�WMIlI1;��WIII uenw wlwtt � uu IIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII�� I IM�I 4 MIOIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiI, C j tY CPi JJ MUI IIIIU CU � � � IIIIIUWgN,ppl�� IIN11711W � C N _ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII � C �+ N r/,ttMiMlllll '^Ilk)//((flf101111111� Lia 4" L 10111111111111111111111 tji O ®_ ,aa�, � Nry _C C9 N p w- h'I711IRf �'�p� IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII � Qi C y - pli y uy C1. l4 dJ j t6 C G i] jp � � O. N T3 m IAlllllllllllllllllllll v � � U N � � '— N V] ��rimiryr m w �� a m c w a e E e e v m t v s es 5 x 3 u m z.� w `Q y 6- m a cmcc c» ...o 7 IIW "�f N Q R9 .'� o C C C G 63 N 9] RS Gi 1J_. Cl LLI C 7 ❑ Q ❑ W 'm lL, ❑ L.7. Tfi 'a Ti C p la�yw � INS IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII LL Cl) Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 5.3 TIMELINE FOR UPDATING THE PLAN The HFRA allows for maximum flexibility in the planning process, permitting the Advisory Group to determine the time frame for updating the Plan. The Advisory Group members are encouraged to meet on an annual basis to review the project list, discuss project successes, and strategize regarding project implementation funding. It is suggested that the evaluation framework above be used annually to make plan updates, and a more formal revision be made on the fifth anniversary of signing and every 5 years following. Page 1114 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan BAER Burned Area Emergency Response BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs BLM Bureau of Land Management BRIC Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CA GOPR California Governor's Office of Planning and Research CCFPD1 Clallam County Fire District No. 1 CCFPD3 Clallam County Fire District No. 3 CIG Conservation Innovation Grant CLT cross -laminated timber CUSP Coalition for the Upper South Platte CWDG Community Wildfire Defense Grants CWPP community wildfire protection plan EAS Emergency Alert System EFRP Emergency Forest Restoration Program EMD Emergency Management Division EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQIP Environmental Quality Incentives Program EWP Emergency Watershed Protection FACLN Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FHSP Forest Health Strategic Plan FMAG Fire Management Assistance Grant FMP fire management plan FP&S Fire Prevention and Safety GIS geographic information system HFRA Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 HIZ home ignition zone HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program HMP hazard mitigation plan HVRA highly valued resource and asset IBHS Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety IFTDSS Interagency Fuel Treatment Decision Support System Page 1115 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan JCCD Jefferson County Conservation District Jefferson County DEM Jefferson County Department of Emergency Management NFP National Fire Plan NFPA National Fire Protection Association NIFC National Interagency Fire Center NPS National Park Service NRCA natural resource conservation area NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NWCG National Wildfire Coordinating Group OIC Office of the Insurance Commissioner PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric Company Plan Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan PUD Public Utility District PWFC Washington State Post -Wildfire Flood Committee QIN Quinault Indian Nation RAW remote automated weather RCP Regional Catastrophic Preparedness RWC Revised Code of Washington SAFER Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response SEPA State Environmental Policy Act SWCA SWCA Environmental Consultants ULI Urban Land Institute USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFA U.S. Fire Administration USFS U.S. Forest Service USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WAC Washington Administrative Code WA DNR Washington State Department of Natural Resources WAFAC Washington State Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network WA-WUI Washington Wildland-Urban Interface WSDOT Washington Department of Transportation WUI wildland-urban interface Page 1116 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Aspect: Cardinal direction toward which a slope faces in relation to the sun (NWCG 2021) Active Crown Fire: A crown fire in which the entire fuel complex is involved in flame, but the crowning phase remains dependent on heat released from surface fuel for continued spread. An active crown fire presents a solid wall of flame from the surface through the canopy fuel layers. Flames appear to emanate from the canopy as a whole rather than from individual trees within the canopy. Active crown fire is one of several types of crown fire and is contrasted with passive crown fires, which are less vigorous types of crown fire that do not emit continuous, solid flames from the canopy (SWCA). Available Canopy Fuel: The mass of canopy fuel per unit area consumed in a crown fire. There is no postfrontal combustion in canopy fuels, so only fine canopy fuels are consumed. We assume that only the foliage and a small fraction of the branchwood is available (Wooten 2021). Available Fuel: The total mass of ground, surface and canopy fuel per unit area available fuel consumed by a fire, including fuels consumed in postfrontal combustion of duff, organic soils, and large woody fuels (Wooten 2021). Backfiring: Intentionally setting fire to fuels inside a control line to contain a fire (Wooten 2021). Biomass: Organic material. Also refers to the weight of organic material (e. g. biomass roots, branches, needles, and leaves) within a given ecosystem (Wooten 2021). Burn Severity: A qualitative assessment of the heat pulse directed toward the ground during a fire. Burn severity relates to soil heating, large fuel and duff consumption, consumption of the litter and organic layer beneath trees and isolated shrubs, and mortality of buried plant parts (SWCA). Canopy: The more or less continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by adjacent trees and other woody species in a forest stand. Where significant height differences occur between trees within a stand, formation of a multiple canopy (multi -layered) condition can result (SWCA). Chain: Unit of measure in land survey, equal to 66 feet (20 m) (80 chains equal 1 mile). Commonly used to report fire perimeters and other fireline distances. Popular in fire management because of its convenience in calculating acreage (example: 10 square chains equal one acre) (New Mexico Future Farmers of America 2010). Climate adaptation: Adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment. Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities (California Governor's Office of Planning and Research [CA GOPR] 2020). Climate Change: A change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods (CA GOPR 2020). Community Assessment: An analysis designed to identify factors that increase the potential and/or severity of undesirable fire outcomes in WUI communities (SWCA). Communities at Risk: Defined by the HFRA as "Wild land -Urban Interface Communities within the vicinity of federal lands that are at high risk from wildfire." Page 1117 I0. MIMn''r 1[n Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP): A planning document that seeks to reduce the threat to life and property from wildfire by identifying and mitigating wildfire hazards to communities and infrastructure located in the WUI. Developed from the HFRA, a CWPP addresses issues such as wildfire response, hazard mitigation, community preparedness, or structure protection (SWCA). Conditional Surface Fire: A potential type of fire in which conditions for sustained conditional surface fire active crown fire spread are met but conditions for crown fire initiation are not. If the fire begins as a surface fire, then it is expected to remain so. If it begins as an active crown fire in an adjacent stand, then it may continue to spread as an active crown fire (Wooten 2021). Contain: A tactical point at which a fire's spread is stopped by and within specific contain features, constructed or natural; also, the result of stopping a fire's spread so that no further spread is expected under foreseeable conditions. For reporting purposes, the time and date of containment. This term no longer has a strategic meaning in federal wildland fire policy (Wooten 2021). Control: To construct fireline or use natural features to surround a fire and any control spot fires therefrom and reduce its burning potential to a point that it no longer threatens further spread or resource damage under foreseeable conditions. For reporting purposes, the time and date of control. This term no longer has a strategic meaning in federal wildland fire policy (Wooten 2021). Cover Type: The type of vegetation (or lack of it) growing on an area, based on cover type minimum and maximum percent cover of the dominant species, species group or non -living land cover (such as water, rock, etc.). The cover type defines both a qualitative aspect (the dominant cover type) as well as a quantitative aspect (the abundance of the predominant features of that cover type; Wooten 2021). Creeping Fire: A low -intensity fire with a negligible rate of spread (Wooten 2021). Crown Fire: A fire that advances at great speed from crown to crown in tree canopies, often well in advance of the fire on the ground (National Geographic 2021). Defensible Space: An area around a structure where fuels and vegetation are modified, cleared, or reduced to slow the spread of wildfire toward or from a structure. The design and distance of the defensible space is based on fuels, topography, and the design/materials used in the construction of the structure (SWCA). Duff: The layer of decomposing organic materials lying below the litter layer of freshly fallen twigs, needles, and leaves and immediately above the mineral soil (SWCA). Ecosystem: An interacting natural system including all the component organisms together with the abiotic environment and processes affecting them (SWCA). Environmental Conditions: That part of the fire environment that undergoes short-term changes: weather, which is most commonly manifest as windspeed, and dead fuel moisture content (Wooten 2021). Escape Route: A preplanned and understood route firefighters take to move to a temporary refuge area or other low -risk area. When escape routes deviate from a defined physical path, they should be clearly marked (SWCA). Evacuation: The temporary movement of people and their possessions from locations threatened by wildfire (SWCA). Page 1118 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Fire -Adapted Community: A fire -adapted community collaborates to identify its wildfire risk and works collectively on actionable steps to reduce its risk of loss. This work protects property and increases the safety of firefighters and residents (USFA 2021 b). Fire Behavior: The manner in which fuel ignites, flame develops, and fire spread and exhibits other related phenomena as determined by the interaction of fuels, weather, and topography (Fire Research and Management Exchange System 2021). Fire Break: Areas where vegetation and organic matter are removed down to mineral soil (SWCA). Fire Environment: The characteristics of a site that influence fire behavior. In fire modeling the fire environment is described by surface and canopy fuel characteristics, windspeed and direction, relative humidity, and slope steepness (Wooten 2021) Fire Frequency: A broad measure of the rate of fire occurrence in a particular area. For historical analyses, fire frequency is often expressed using the fire return interval calculation. For modern -era analyses, where data on timing and size of fires are recorded, fire frequency is often best expressed using fire rotation (SWCA). Fire Hazard: Fire hazard is the potential fire behavior or fire intensity in an area, given the type(s) of fuel present — including both the natural and built environment — and their combustibility (CA GOPR 2020). Fire History: The chronological record of the occurrence of fire in an ecosystem or at a specific site. The fire history of an area may inform planners and residents about the level of wildfire hazard in that area (SWCA). Fire Intensity: A general term relating to the heat energy released in a fire (SWCA). Fireline Intensity: Amount of heat release per unit time per unit length of fire front. Numerically, the product of the heat of combustion, quantity of fuel consumed per unit area in the fire front, and the rate of spread of a fire, expressed in kilowatts per minute (SWCA). This expression is commonly used to describe the power of wildland fires, but it does not necessarily follow that the severity, defined as the vegetation mortality, will be correspondingly high (Wooten 2021). Fire Prevention: Activities such as public education, community outreach, planning, building code enforcement, engineering (construction standards), and reduction of fuel hazards that is intended to reduce the incidence of unwanted human -caused wildfires and the risks they pose to life, property or resources (CA GOPR 2020). Fire Regime: A measure of the general pattern of fire frequency and severity typical to a particular area or type of landscape: The regime can include other metrics of the fire, including seasonality and typical fire size, as well as a measure of the pattern of variability in characteristics (SWCA). Fire Regime Condition Class: Condition classes are a function of the degree of fire regime condition class departure from historical fire regimes resulting in alterations of key ecosystem components such as composition structural stage, stand age, and canopy closure (Wooten 2021). Fire Return Interval: Number of years (interval) between two successive fires in a designated area (SWCA). Fire Severity: A qualitative measure of the immediate effects of fire on the fire severity ecosystem. It relates to the extent of mortality and survival of plant and animal life both aboveground and belowground and to loss of organic matter. It is determined by heat released aboveground and belowground. Fire Severity is dependent on intensity and residence dependent of the burn. For trees, Page 1119 IUw. MIMEM Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan severity is often measured as percentage of basal area removed. An intense fire may not necessarily be severe (Wooten 2021). Fire Risk: "Risk" takes into account the intensity and likelihood of a fire event to occur as well as the chance, whether high or low, that a hazard such as a wildfire will cause harm. Fire risk can be determined by identifying the susceptibility of a value or asset to the potential direct or indirect impacts of wildfire hazard events (CA GOPR 2020). Flammability: The relative ease with which fuels ignite and burn regardless of the quantity of the fuels (SWCA). Flame Length: The length of flames in the propagating fire front measured along the slant of the flame from the midpoint of its base to its tip. It is mathematically related to fireline intensity and tree crown scorch height (Wooten 2021). Foliar Moisture Content: Moisture content (dry weight basis) of live foliage, foliar moisture content expressed as a percent. Effective foliar moisture content incorporates the moisture content of other canopy fuels such as lichen, dead foliage, and live and dead branchwood (Wooten 2021). Forest Fire: uncontrolled burning of a woodland area (National Geographic 2021). Fuel Bed: An array of fuels usually constructed with specific loading, depth, and particle size to meet experimental requirements; also, commonly used to describe the fuel composition. Fuel Break: A natural or manmade change in fuel characteristics which affects fire behavior so that fires burning into them can be more readily controlled (NWCG 2021). Fuel Complex: The combination of ground, surface, and canopy fuel strata (Wooten 2021). Fuel Condition: Relative flammability of fuel as determined by fuel type and environmental conditions (SWCA). Fuel Continuity: A qualitative description of the distribution of fuel both horizontally and vertically. Continuous fuels readily support fire spread. The larger the fuel discontinuity, the greater the fire intensity required for fire spread (Wooten 2021). Fuel Loading: The volume of fuel in a given area generally expressed in tons per acre (SWCA). Dead woody fuel loadings are commonly described for small material in diameter classes of 0 to 0.25, 0.25 to 1, and 1 to 3 inches and for large material greater than 3 inches (Wooten 2021) Fuel Management: Manipulation or removal of fuels to reduce the likelihood of ignition and to reduce potential damage in case of a wildfire. Fuel management methods include prescribed fire, mechanical treatments (mowing, chopping), herbicides, biomass removal (thinning or harvesting or trees, harvesting of pine straw), and grazing. Fuel management techniques may sometimes be combined for greater effect (SWCA). Fuel Model: A set of surface fuel bed characteristics (load and surface -area -to- fuel model volume -ratio by size class, heat content, and depth) organized for input to a fire model (Wooten 2021). Fuel Modification: The manipulation or removal of fuels (i.e., combustible biomass such as wood, leaves, grass, or other vegetation) to reduce the likelihood of igniting and to reduce fire intensity. Fuel modification activities may include lopping, chipping, crushing, piling and burning, including prescribed burning. These activities may be performed using mechanical treatments or by hand crews. Herbicides Page 1120 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan and prescribed herbivory (grazing) may also be used in some cases. Fuel modification may also sometimes be referred to as "vegetation treatment" (CA GOPR 2020). Fuel Moisture Content: This is expressed as a percent or fraction of oven dry fuel moisture content weight of fuel. It is the most important fuel property controlling flammability. In living plants, it is physiologically bound. Its daily fluctuations vary considerably by species but are usually above 80 to 100 percent. As plants mature, moisture content decreases. When herbaceous plants cure, their moisture content responds as dead fuel moisture content, which fluctuates according to changes in temperature, humidity, and precipitation (Wooten 2021) Fuel Treatment: The manipulation or removal of fuels to minimize the probability of ignition and/or to reduce potential damage and resistance to fire suppression activities (NWCG 2021). Synonymous with fuel modification. Grazing: There are two types of grazing: 1) traditional grazing, and 2) targeted grazing. Traditional grazing refers to cattle that are managed in extensive pastures to produce meat. Targeted grazing involves having livestock graze at a specific density for a given period of time for the purpose of managing vegetation. Even though both kinds of grazing manage fuel loading in range- and forested lands, targeted grazing is different in that its sole purpose is to manage fuels. Targeted grazing is done by a variety of livestock species such as sheep, goats, or cows (University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources [UCANR] 2019). Ground Fire: Fire that burns organic matter in the soil, or humus; usually does not appear at the surface (National Geographic 2021). Ground Fuels: Fuels that lie beneath surface fuels, such as organic soils, duff, decomposing litter, buried logs, roots, and the below -surface portion of stumps (Wooten 2021). Hazard: A "hazard" can be defined generally as an event that could cause harm or damage to human health, safety, or property (CA GOPR 2020). Hazardous Areas: Those wildland areas where the combination of vegetation, topography, weather, and the threat of fire to life and property create difficult and dangerous problems (SWCA). Hazardous Fuels: A fuel complex defined by type, arrangement, volume, condition, and location that poses a threat of ignition and resistance to fire suppression (NWCG 2021). Hazardous Fuels Reduction: Any strategy that reduces the amount of flammable material in a fire - prone ecosystem. Two common strategies are mechanical thinning and prescribed burning (Wooten 2021). Hazard Reduction: Any treatment that reduces the threat of ignition and spread of fire (SWCA). Highly Valued Resources and Assets (HVRAs): Landscape features that are influenced positively and/or negatively by fire. Resources are naturally occurring, while Assets are human made (IFTDSS 2021). Ignition: The action of setting something on fire or starting to burn (SWCA). Incident: An occurrence or event, either natural or person -caused, which requires an emergency response to prevent loss of life or damage to property or natural resources (Wooten 2021). Page 1121 I0. MIMn''r 1[n Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Influence Zone: An area that, with respect to wildland and urban fire, has a set of conditions that facilitate the opportunity for fire to burn from wildland fuels to the home and or structure ignition zone (NWCG 2021). Initial Attack: The actions taken by the first resources to arrive at a wildfire to protect lives and property and prevent further extension of the fire (SWCA). Invasive Species: An introduced, nonnative organism (disease, parasite, plant, or animal) that begins to spread or expand its range from the site of its original introduction and that has the potential to cause harm to the environment, the economy, or to human health (USGS 2021). Ladder Fuels: Fuels that provide vertical continuity allowing fire to carry from surface fuels into the crowns of trees or shrubs with relative ease (SWCA). Litter: Recently fallen plant material that is only partially decomposed and is still discernible (SWCA). Manual Treatments: Felling and piling of fuels done by hand. The volume of material generated from a manual fuel treatment is typically too small to warrant a biomass sale therefore collected material is disposed of by burning or chipping. The work can be performed by either a single individual or a large, organized crew with powered equipment (UCANR 2021 a). Mechanized Treatments: Mechanical treatments pulverize large continuous patches of fuel to reduce the volume and continuity of material. Mechanical treatments can be applied as either mastication or chipping treatments. Both treatments shred woody material, but mastication leaves residue on -site while chipping collects the particles for transportation off site. Similar to hand treatments, mechanical treatments can target specific areas and vegetation while excluding areas of concern. In addition, mechanical treatment is easily scalable to large areas (>30 acres) with little added cost. (UCANR 2021 b). Mitigation: Action that moderates the severity of a fire hazard or risk (SWCA). Mutual Aid: Assistance in firefighting or investigation by fire agencies, irrespective of jurisdictional boundaries (NWCG 2021). Native Revegetation: The process of replanting and rebuilding the soil of disturbed land (e.g., burned) with native plant species (USDA 2005). Native Species: A species that evolved naturally in the habitat, ecosystem, or region as determined by climate, soil, and biotic factors (USDA 2005). National Cohesive Strategy: The National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy is a strategic push to work collaboratively among all stakeholders and across all landscapes, using best science, to make meaningful progress toward three goals: • Resilient Landscapes • Fire -Adapted Communities • Safe and Effective Wildfire Response Vision: To safely and effectively extinguish fire when needed; use fire where allowable; manage our natural resources; and as a nation, to live with wildland fire (Forests and Rangelands 2023). Overstory: That portion of the trees in a forest which forms the upper or uppermost layer (SWCA). Passive Crown Fire: A type of crown fire in which the crowns of individual trees or small groups of trees burn, but solid flaming in the canopy cannot be maintained except for short periods. Passive crown fire Page 1122 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan encompasses a wide range of crown fire behavior, from occasional torching of isolated trees to nearly active crown fire. Passive crown fire is also called torching or candling. A fire in the crowns of the trees in which trees or groups of trees torch, ignited by the passing front of the fire. The torching trees reinforce the spread rate, but these fires are not basically different from surface (SWCA). Prescribed Burning: Any fire ignited by management actions under specific, predetermined conditions to meet specific objectives related to hazardous fuels or habitat improvement. Usually, a written, approved prescribed fire plan must exist, and NEPA requirements must be met, prior to ignition (USFS n.d.). Rate of Spread: The relative activity of a fire in extending its horizontal dimensions. It is expressed as rate of increase of the total perimeter of the fire, as rate of forward spread of the fire front, or as rate of increase in area, depending on the intended use of the information. Usually, it is expressed in chains or acres per hour for a specific period in the fire's history (NWCG 2021). Resilience: Resilience is the capacity of any entity — an individual, a community, an organization, or a natural system — to prepare for disruptions, to recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive experience (CA GOPR 2020). Resilient Landscape: Landscapes or ecosystems that resist damage and recover quickly from disturbances (such as wildland fires) and human activities (Forests and Rangelands 2014). Response: Movement of an individual firefighting resource from its assigned standby location to another location or to an incident in reaction to dispatch orders or to a reported alarm (SWCA). Roadside Buffer: Intentional change or alteration in land cover and vegetation composition along roadways intended to reduce ladder fuels and canopy continuity. Buffers can reduce fire spread across roadways and improve the safety of designated evacuation routes. Safety Element: One of the seven mandatory elements of a local general plan (a county plan that forms the foundation for future development), the safety element must identify hazards and hazard abatement provisions to guide local decisions related to zoning, subdivisions, and entitlement permits. The element should contain general hazard and risk reduction strategies and policies supporting hazard mitigation measures (CA GOPR 2020). Shaded Fuel Break: Fuel breaks where understory vegetation in primarily cleared, leaving the forest canopy in -tact. These areas maintain higher relative humidity, lower temperatures, and sustain higher biodiversity while also reducing fuel loads. Slash: Debris left after logging, pruning, thinning, or brush cutting. Slash includes logs, chips, bark, branches, stumps, and broken trees or brush that may be fuel for a wildfire (SWCA). Slope Percent: The ratio between the amount of vertical rise of a slope and horizontal distance as expressed in a percent. One hundred feet of rise to 100 feet of horizontal distance equals 100 percent (NWCG 2021). Suppression: The most aggressive fire protection strategy, it leads to the total extinguishment of a fire (SWCA). Surface Fire: fire that typically burns only surface litter and undergrowth (National Geographic 2021). Surface Fuel: Fuels lying on or near the surface of the ground, consisting of leaf and needle litter, dead branch material, downed logs, bark, tree cones, and low stature living plants (SWCA). Structural Ignitability: The ability of structures (such as homes or fences) to catch fire (SWCA) Page 1123 I0. mi1l=n'r l Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Topography: The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area (SWCA) Total Fuel Load: The mass of fuel per unit area that could possibly be consumed in a hypothetical fire of the highest intensity in the driest fuels (Wooten 2021). Tree Crown: The primary and secondary branches growing out from the main stem, together with twigs and foliage (SWCA). Understory: Low -growing vegetation (herbaceous, brush or reproduction) growing under a stand of trees. Also, that portion of trees in a forest stand below the overstory (SWCA). Understory Fire: A fire burning in the understory, more intense than a surface fire with flame lengths of 1 to 3 m (Wooten 2021). Values and Assets at Risk: The elements of a community or natural area considered valuable by an individual or community that could be negatively impacted by a wildfire or wildfire operations. These values can vary by community and can include public and private assets (natural and manmade) -- such as homes, specific structures, water supply, power grids, natural and cultural resources, community infrastructure-- as well as other economic, environmental, and social values (CA GOPR 2020). Vulnerable Community: Vulnerable communities experience heightened risk and increased sensitivity to natural hazard and climate change impacts and have less capacity and fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from the impacts of natural hazards and increasingly severe hazard events because of climate change. These disproportionate effects are caused by physical (built and environmental), social, political, and/ or economic factor(s), which are exacerbated by climate impacts. These factors include, but are not limited to, race, class, sexual orientation and identification, national origin, and income inequality (CA GOPR 2020). Wildfire: A "wildfire" can be generally defined as any unplanned fire in a "wildland" area or in the WUI (CA GOPR 2020). Wildfire Exposure: During fire suppression activities, an exposure is any area/property that is threatened by the initial fire, but in National Fire Incident Reporting System a reportable exposure is any fire that is caused by another fire, i.e., a fire resulting from another fire outside that building, structure, or vehicle, or a fire that extends to an outside property from a building, structure, or vehicle (USFA 2020). Wildfire Influence Zone: A wildland area with susceptible vegetation up to 1.5 miles from the interface or intermix WUI (CA GOPR 2020). Wildland: Those unincorporated areas covered wholly or in part by trees, brush, grass, or other flammable vegetation (CA GOPR 2020). Wildland Fire: Fire that occurs in the wildland as the result of an unplanned ignition (CA GOPR 2020). Wildland Fuels (aka fuels): Fuel is the material that is burning. It can be any kind of combustible material, especially petroleum -based products, and wildland fuels. For wildland fire, it is usually live, or dead plant material, but can also include artificial materials such as houses, sheds, fences, pipelines, and trash piles. In terms of vegetation, there are six wildland fuel types (fuel type: an identifiable association of fuel elements of distinctive species, form, size, arrangement, or other characteristics that will cause a predictable rate of spread or resistance to control under specified weather conditions.) The six wildland fuel types are (NWCG 2021): • Grass Page 1124 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan • Shrub • Grass -Shrub • Timber Litter • Timber-Understory • Slash-Blowdown Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI): The WUI is the line, area or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels (USFA 2021 a). WUI areas in the state of Washington are determined using the WA-WUI map for implementing and enforcing building codes across all counties and cities. Chapter 51-55 WAC outlines the adoption and amendment of the 2021 edition of the Wildland-Urban Interface Code. The code mandates compliance in construction within the interface or intermix areas and specifies the process for updating or designating new WUI, with only the local jurisdiction's code official having the authority to modify the WA-WUI map (WA DNR 2023a). Section 302.3.6 of WAC 51-55 outlines the process for WUI area designation. It involves determining structure density, vegetation density, and proximity categories for a given area, and based on these criteria, the site is designated as either intermix or interface, depending on the specified conditions. Compliance with the code, including the Wildland-Urban Interface Code, is then determined accordingly. Page 1125 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan This page intentionally left blank. Page 1126 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Acker, S., and J. Kertis. 2004. Rapid Assessment Reference Condition Model, Sitka Spruce - Hemlock. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/pdfs/PNVGs/Pacific_NW/R-SSHE.pdf. Accessed December 2023. After the Fire WA. 2023. After the Fire Resources Homepage. Available at: https:Hafterthefirewa.org. Accessed December 2023. Bressette, D.K. 2014a. Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis. In Native Plants PNW. Available at: https:Hnativeplantspnw.com/sitka-spruce-picea-sitchensis/. 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Grays Harbor County Department of Emergency Management. 2018. Grays Harbor County Multi - Jurisdictional 2018 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. Available at: https:Hcros5.revize.com/revize/graysharborcounty/Emergency%20Management/Planning/Grays% 20Harbor%20County%20HMP_Plan_Final_2018.pdf. Accessed October 2023. Griffith, R.S. 1992. Picea sitchensis. In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/picsit/all.html. Accessed October 2023. Halofsky, J.E., D.L. Peterson, K.A. O'Halloran, and C.H. Hoffman (eds.). 2011. Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-844. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Hoh Indian Tribe. 2022. Hoh Indian Tribe 2022 Hazard Mitigation Plan Tribe. 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Goat grazing as a wildfire prevention tool: a basic review. iForest 7:260-268. doi: 10.3832/iforl 112-007 Mason County Division of Emergency Management. 2023. Mason County Multi -Jurisdictional 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. Available at: https:Hmasoncountywa.gov/dem/plan- update/HMP_Hazard_Chapters_04192023.pdf. Accessed October 2023. Mathys, A., N.C. Coops, R.H. Waring. 2014. Soil water availability effects on the distribution of 20 tree species in western North America. Forest Ecology and Management 313:144-152. McDougall, Susan. 1991. Photo Credit of Pacific silver fir. United State, Washington, Mount Rainier National Park. Available at: https:Hplants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ABAM. Accessed December 2023. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. Preparing Homes for Wildfire. Available at: https://www.nfpa.org/Public-Education/Fire-causes-and-risks/Wildfire/Preparing-homes-for- wildfire. Accessed October 2023. National Geographic Society. 2021. Resource Library, Wildfires. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/wildfires/. Accessed December 2023. Page 1131 offlm Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2023. WUI Definitions. Available at: https://www.n ist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/wildland-urban-interface-fire-73305/hazard- mitigation-methodology- 9#::text=Interface%3A%20Hig h%2Ddensity%20development%20adjacent, mingled%20with%20 undeveloped%20wildland%20vegetation. Accessed March 2024. National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC). 2022. Post Fire Recovery. Available at: https://www.nifc.gov/programs/post-fire-recovery. Accessed December 2023. National Park Service (NPS). 2005. Olympic National Park Fire Management Plan. Available at: https://www. n ps.gov/olym/learn/manage ment/u pload/FI NAL-OLYM-FMP-1 1212005. pdf. Accessed September 2023. 2008. Olympic National Park General Management Plan. 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Page 1132 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan New Mexico Future Farmers of America. 2010. Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior for NM Forestry CDE. Available at: http://www.nmffa.org/uploads/4/1 /0/7/41075673/wildland_fire_behavior.pdf#:—:text=Wildland%20f uels%20are%20basically%201ive%20and%2For%20dead%20plant,fire%20behavior%20is%20de pendent%20on%20certain%20fuel%20characteristics%3A. Accessed December 2023. Northwest Climate Adaptations Science Center. 2020. Decline of Western Redcedar: Using Tree Rings to Understand Mortality Patterns and Identify Drought -Resilient Populations Under Climate Change. Available at: https:Hnwcasc.uw.edu/science/project/decline-of-western-red-cedar-using-tree-rings- to-understand-mortality-patterns-and-identify-drought-resilient-populations-under-climate- change/. Accessed January 2024. Northwest Interagency Coordination Center. 2023. Welcome to the Northwest Coordination Center. Available at: https:Hgacc.nifc.gov/nwcc/. 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Page 1133 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Rothermel, R.C. 1983. How to Predict the Spread and Intensity of Forest and Range Fires. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-143. Ogden, Utah: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Scott, J.H., and R.E. Burgan. 2005. Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Models: A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel's Surface Fire Spread Model. Available at: https://www.resolutionmineeis.uslsitesldefaultlfileslreferenceslscott-burgan-2005.pdf. Accessed September 2023. Society of American Foresters. 2004. Preparing a Community Wildfire Protection Plan: A Handbook for Wildland Urban Interface Communities. Sponsored by Communities Committee, National Association of Counties, National Association of State Foresters, Society of American Foresters, and Western Governors' Association. Available at: https://gacc.nifc.gov/gbcc/dispatch/wy- tdc/documents/information/education-prevention/cwpphandbook.pdf. 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U.S. Census Bureau. 2022a. Quick Facts: Jefferson County, Washington. Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/jeffersoncountywashingtonIPST040222#PST040222 . Accessed September 2023. 2022b. ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates. Available at: https://data.census.gov/table?q=Jefferson+County,+Washington. Accessed September 2023. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2005. Terminology and Definitions Associated with Revegetation. Available at: https://www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_PLANTMATERIALS/publications/ wapmctn6333.pdf. Accessed November 2023. 2012a. Fire regimes of Pacific Northwest coastal forests, Fire Effects Information System. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/fire_regimes/PN_coastal_forest/all.html. Accessed October 2023. 2012b. Fire regimes of mesic-dry western hemlock communities, Fire Effects Information System. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/fire_regimes/Western_hemlock_dry/all.html. Accessed October 2023. 2012c. Fire regimes of wet-mesic western hemlock communities, Fire Effects Information System. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/fire_regimes/Western_hemlock_wet/all.html. Accessed October 2023. 2012d. Fire regimes of Pacific Northwest mountain hemlock communities, Fire Effects Information System. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/fire_regimes/PN_mountain_hemlock/all.html. Accessed October 2023. 2023. Olympic National Forest Current and Recent Projects. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/projects/olympic/landmanagement/projects. Accessed October 2023. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2019. Wildfire Smoke: A Guide for Public Health Officials. Available at: https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised- 2019.pdf. Accessed September 2023. 2023a. Air Plan Approval; WA; Smoke Management Plan Update. 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Washington Island National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan. Available at. https:Hpermanent.fdlp.gov/LPS1 05595/LPS105595/www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/WA/ waislands/WAIsICCP.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2022. Fire Management. Available at: https://www.fws.gov/program/fire-management. Accessed December 2023. 2023a. Fire Management. Available at: https://www.fws.gov/program/fire-management. Accessed October 2023. 2023b. Quillayute Needles Wildlife Refuge. Available at: https://www.fws.gov/refuge/quillayute- needles. Accessed October 2023. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2021. What is an invasive species and why are they a problem? Available at: https://www.usgs.gov/fags/what-invasive-species-and-why-are-they-a-problem?qt- news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products. Accessed November 2023. Van Pelt, R. 2007. Identifying Mature and Old Growth Forests in Western Washington. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/lm_hcp_west_Oldgrowth_guide_full_lowres.pdf. Accessed December 2023. Page 1136 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan Washington Geospatial Open Data Portal. 2024. Washington Large Fires 1973-2023. Available at: https://geo.wa.gov/datasets/6f31 b076628d4f8ca5a964cbefd2cccc_0/about. Accessed March 2024. Washington Smoke Information. 2023. Washington Smoke Information Blog. Available at: https://wasmoke.blogspot.com. Accessed September 2023. Washington State Building Code Council. 2023. 2021 Washington Wildland-Urban Interface Code First Edition. Available at: https://www.sbcc.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2023- 05/2021%20WAWUIC%201nsert%20Pages%201st%20Printing.pdf. Accessed 2023. Washington State Department of Ecology. 2024. Statewide drought declared due to low snowpack and dry forecast. Available at: https:Hecology.wa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/news/2024-news- stories/april-16-drought-declaration. Accessed April 2024. Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WA DNR). 2018. Washington State Wildland Fire Protection 10-Year Strategic Plan. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/rp_wildfire_plan_summary.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2019. Washington State Wildland Fire Protection 10-Year Strategic Plan. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/rp_wildfire_strategic_plan.pdf. Accessed September 2023. 2020a. Forest Health Treatment Prioritization and Implementation on State Trust Lands in Eastern Washington. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/rp_2020_hbl7l 1_report.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2020b. Plan for Climate Resilience. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/em_climateresilienceplan_1 pager.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2021. Forest Health Highlights in Washington. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/rp_fh_2022_forest_health_highlights.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2022a. 2022 Forest Action Plan Annual Report. Available at: https://www.d nr.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publicationslrp_2022_forest_action_plan_ann ual_report .pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2022b. 20-Year Forest Health Strategic Plan: Eastern Washington I Summary. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/publications/rp_forest_health_summary.pdf?hiyez. Accessed October 2023. 2022c. Washington Large Fires 1973-2022. Available at: https://geo.wa.gov/datasets/6f31 b076628d4f8ca5a964cbefd2cccc/explore?location=47.336210% 2C-120.225150%2C8.22. Accessed October 2023. 2023a. Community Wildfire Protection Plan Guidance. Available at: https://www.d nr.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publicationslrp_cwpp_guidance_04102023. pdf.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2023b. Fighting Fire. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/Fighting Fire. Accessed October 2023. Page 1137 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2023c. Wildfire Resources. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/wildfire- resources. Accessed October 2023. 2023d. DNR Regions and Districts. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/about/dnr-regions-and- districts. Accessed October 2023. 2023e. Emergency Preparedness. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and- services/geology/geologic-hazards/emergency-preparedness#families,-individuals,-and-pets.4. Accessed December 2023. 2023f. Prescribed Fire Program. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/prescribedfire. Accessed October 2023. 2023g. Managed Lands. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/managed-lands. Accessed October 2023. 2023h. Forest and Trust Lands. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/managed-lands/forest-and- trust-lands. Accessed October 2023. 2023i. Aquatics. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/programs-and-services/aquatics. Accessed October 2023. 2023j. Natural Areas. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/managed-lands/natural-areas 2023k. Wildfire Smoke. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/smoke. Accessed September 2023. 20231. Prescribed Fire Program. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/prescribedfire. Accessed September 2023. 2023m. WA DNR Burn Portal. Available at: https:Hburnportal.dnr.wa.gov. Accessed September 2023. 2023n. Wildfire -Associated Debris Flows. Available at: https://www.dnr.wa.gov/wildfire-debris- flows. Accessed October 2023. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). 2023. Emergency management. Available at: https://wsdot.wa.gov/about/emergency-management. Accessed October 2023. Washington State Emergency Management Division (Washington State EMD). 2023. Recovery. Available at: https:Hmil.wa.gov/recovery. Accessed October 2023. Washington State Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network (WAFAC). 2023. Our Work. Available at: https://www.fireadaptedwashington.org/our-work/. Accessed October 2023. Washington State Fire Marshal's Office. 2023. Washington State Fire Services Resource Mobilization Plan. Available at: https://www.wsp.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Mobilization-Plan- 1.pdf. Accessed October 2023. Washington State Legislature. 2017. SB 5546 - 2017-18. Available at: https:Happ.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5546&Year=2017. Accessed October 2023. 2018a. HB 2561 - 2017-18. Available at: https:Happ.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2561 &Year=2017. Accessed October 2023. 2018b. Substitute House Bill 2733. Available at: https:Hlawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2017- 18/Pdf/Bills/House%20Bills/2733-S.pdf. Accessed October 2023. Page 1138 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2018c. Final Bill Report. Available at: https:Happs.leg.wa.gov/documents/billdocs/2017- 18/Pdf/Bill%20Reports/Senate/6211.E%20SBR%20FBR%2018.pdf. Accessed October 2023. 2023a. HB 1168 - 2021-22. Available at: https:Happ.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BiIlNumber=l 168&Year=2021. Accessed October 2023. 2023b. Chapter 51-54A WAC. Available at: https:Happs.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=51- 54A. Accessed October 2023. 2023c. SB 5126 - 2021-22. Available at: https:Happ.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?billnumber=5126&year=2021. Accessed October 2023. 2024. HB 1578 - 2023-24. Available at: https:Happ.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BiIlNumber=l 578&Year=2023#::text=Improving%20commu pity%20prepared ness%2C%20response%2C%20recovery,in%20the%20wildland %20urban%20i nterface. Accessed January 2024. Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. 2023. Noxious Weed List. Available at: https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/printable-noxious-weed-list. Accessed September 2023. Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner (OIC). 2023a. Wildfires And Homeowner Insurance. Available at: https://www.insurance.wa.gov/wildfires-and-homeowner-insurance. Accessed October 2023a. 2023b. Consumer alert: Kreidler's advice for claims from wildfire damage. Available at: https://www.insurance.wa.gov/news/consumer-alert-kreidlers-advice-claims-wildfire-damage. Accessed October 2023b. Washington State Post -Wildfire Flood Committee (PWFC). 2023. Available at: https:Hafterthefirewa.org/about-the-pwfc/. Accessed October 2023. Washington State University. 2023. Photo credit from Pacific Madrone About Madrone. Available at: https:Hppo.puyallup.wsu.edu/madrone/about/. Accessed December 2023. Watts, A.C., and L.N. Kobziar. 2013. Smoldering combustion and ground fires: ecological effects and multi -scale significance. Fire Ecology 9:124-132. https:Hdoi.org/l0.4996/fireecology.0901124 Western Regional Climate Center. 2023a. Quilcene 2 SW, Washington Daily Precipitation Average and Extreme. Available at: https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa6846. Accessed November 2023. 2023b. Chimacum 4 S, Washington Daily Precipitation Average and Extreme. Available at: https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa1414. Accessed November 2023. 2023c. Clearwater, Washington Daily Precipitation Average and Extreme. Available at: https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa1496. Accessed November 2023. Wooten, George. 2021. Fire and fuels management: Fire and fuels management: Definitions, ambiguous terminology and references. Available at: https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/ management/upload/fire-wildfire-definitions-2.pdf. Accessed December 2023. Wray, J., and M. K. Anderson. 2003. Restoring Indian -set fires to Prairie ecosystems on the Olympic Peninsula. Available at: https:Hdoi.org/l0.3368/er.21.4.296. Accessed January 2024. Page 1139 Jefferson County Community Wildfire Protection Plan This page intentionally left blank. Page 1140 City0f Port ' m�10 Townsen Submitted By: Steve King/Andre Harper Department: Public Works Agenda Bill AB24-114 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: Consent VII E ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Date Submitted: June 27, 2024 Contact Phone: 360-379-5090 SUBJECT: Approval for application of funding for the Lawrance Street Stormwater / Sewer Separation. CATEGORY: ❑x Consent ❑ Resolution ❑ Staff Report ❑ Ordinance ❑ Contract Approval ❑ Other: BUDGET IMPACT: See below Expenditure Amount: Included in Budget? Yes ❑ No ❑x ❑ Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: 411 Water Sewer Fund - General SUMMARY STATEMENT: Background: In the City of Port Townsend's (City) 2024 Draft General Sewer Plan, Capital Improvement Project No. SM9 identifies the need to separate stormwater inflow and sanitary sewer flow in Lawrence Street. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 40 percent of the Monroe Street Pump Station's peak hour flow comes from surface water inflow tributary to Lawrence Street. Disconnecting the stormwater inflow from the sanitary sewer flow in Lawrence Street is intended give the Monroe Street Pump Station additional years of service and eliminate the station's current capacity shortfalls during storm events. Additionally, the stormwater inflow is needlessly being treated at the City's wastewater treatment plant. Removal of the Lawrence Street inflow source will reduce the need for immediate upgrades to the Monroe Street Pump Station and will free capacity at the City's wastewater treatment plant. An excerpt from the General Sewer Plan provides a full description of the project as it relates to the Monroe Lift Station. This spring, the City Council adopted a capital plan and associated rate schedule to address capital needs of the City's stormwater and sewer system. Included in this rate study is funding for 50% of the Lawrence Street Stormwater Separation project. 50% of the funding will need to come from grants and 25% will come from the Stormwater Utility, and 25% will come from the Sewer Utility. The total cost of this project is estimated at $5.6 million. Design is scheduled to begin in 2025 with construction to follow in 2026 and 2027. These costs include installation of a new stormwater pipe and repaving of Lawrence Street between Filmore and Monroe Streets. This project couples well with the current Lawrence Street complete streets project. This application is for loan funding under the Public Works Trust Fund program administered by the Department of Commerce. This is the same program that funded the Water Street Sewer Replacement Project. The City may qualify for 50% grant based on our community household income status qualifying as a distressed community. Staff is recommending applying for a pre -construction or design engineering loan/grant for approximately $280,000 with follow up applications to EPA for additional grant funding to build the project. If EPA funding is not successful, this design loan/grant application will help the City qualify for another Public Works Trust Fund application in 2025 or 2026. The loan/grant application was submitted to meet the deadline of June 28tn Staff recognizes this approval is retroactive and apologizes for missing this date. Should Council desire to disprove of this application, staff can always pull the application. RH2 Engineering has assisted the City in the development of this application under on - call services. Staff is recommending authorization for this application as well as others to meeting the goals of the General Sewer Plan and adopted financial plan. ATTACHMENT INSERT: 1. General Sewer Plan Chapter 6 Lift Station Analysis CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A Authorization to apply for a Public Works Trust Fund preconstruction loan/grant as well as other loans and grant programs for the Lawrence Street Stormwater Separation project in the future is considered approved unanimously with under the consent agenda. ALTERNATIVES: ❑ Take No Action ❑ Refer to Committee ❑ Refer to Staff ❑ Postpone Action ❑x Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance ❑ Other: LIFT STATION ANALYSIS The hydraulic analysis of the City's existing lift stations (Table 4-12) shows that only the Monroe Street Lift Station does not have adequate capacity. As discussed previously, capacity analyses of each lift station are based on estimated PHF. According to discussions with the system operators, there are no known capacity deficiencies in the City's existing lift stations during current operating conditions except for the Monroe Street Lift Station. These deficiencies are discussed later in this chapter. 2028, 2033, ar"id 2043 L ifs Statk")ii Needs Only modest population growth is forecast within the current City limits and it is dispersed throughout the City as shown in Figure 3-3. Of this growth, less than 20 percent is forecast to occur in the existing lift station basins. The remainder will flow by gravity to the WWTF. There will be small, incremental increases to each existing lift station over the next 20 years, leaving the total flow to be pumped by each station below each their firm capacities. None of the existing lift stations are forecast to have capacity shortfalls, except for the Monroe Street Lift Station. The station handling most of the new growth will be the proposed Mill Lift Station. Predesign studies show that a 1,062 gallons per minute (gpm) capacity is required. Refer to Appendix 1 for an estimation of the flows for this lift station. Capacity upgrades are needed for the Mill and Monroe Street Lift Stations. Monroe Street Lift Station The Monroe Street Lift Station is currently under capacity and regularly has all three of the station's pumps operating to convey peak flows. The station has not overflowed, but it is the City's standard to have two pumps with one redundant pump to accommodate PHFs. For this reason, the capacity must be increased, or the peak flow tributary to the station must be reduced. As part of the Water Street Sewer Replacement project, scheduled for 2024, new pump impellers will be installed for each of the station's pumps. The existing electric motors have spare capacity to accommodate larger impellers that could deliver approximately 100 gpm more from the station. However, this will not be enough to bring the lift station into compliance with desired capacity standards. RH2 Engineering, Inc., (RH2) recommends that inflow in the basin draining to the lift station be reduced to decrease the load on the lift station. Lawrence Street, between Fillmore and Monroe Streets, has stormwater inlets connecting to the gravity sewer (Figure 1-9). This is a likely cause for the Monroe Street Lift Station's overload. This inflow also taxes the capacity of the WWTF unnecessarily with stormwater. Separation of the storm and sanitary sewer could possibly reduce the hydraulic loads entering the Monroe Street Lift Station. Smoke testing and video inspection of the sewer main in i -10 J:\DATA\TWNSD\21-0226\10 REPORTS\W I P\T W NSD_GSP CH 6.DOCX (4/26/2024 8:19 AM) CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND GENERAL SEWER PLAN SEWER COLLECTION SYSTEM EVALUATION Lawrence Street should be performed to locate the connections between the storm and sanitary sewer systems. Figure 6-9 — CIP SM9 The sanitary and storm sewers in Lawrence Street must be separated to reduce hydraulic loads on wastewater facilities. In addition to capacity shortfalls, the Monroe Street Lift Station is aging and near the shoreline, placing it at risk for flooding due to forecasted sea level rise. The City of Port Townsend Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Risk Assessment (City of Port Townsend & Cascadia Consulting Group, 2022) (Appendix K) lists the Monroe Street Lift Station as a public facility at risk of flooding with the potential for "high consequence." The lift station access hatches must be elevated or the lift station must be relocated to higher ground. All pumps, pipes, valves, electrical panels, and controls must be replaced with new units to increase the reliability of this vital lift station. Flow measurement also should be added to the station to assist the City in quantifying the inflow tributary to the lift station. Hydraulically, the lift station's force main is performing well and appears to be in good condition. It is approaching 60 years in age, and record drawings show that it is cast iron pipe. When the existing 10-inch cast iron force main is exposed for any reason, the exterior should be inspected for pitting and corrosion. Cast iron pipe from the 1960s came with cement mortar lining, and the main could still be in good condition. Out of caution, the City should monitor the discharge pressure characteristics of the lift station closely. Sudden decreases in pressure could indicate a breach in the pipe. Increases show occlusion of the pipeline due to corrosion or J:ADATATWNSI921-0226A IO REPORIISVIATWNSD_GSP CH 6.DO(4326/2024 8:19 A" CHAPTER 6 6-11 u u „�wmus�4',9E�1 mi � CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND GENERAL SEWER SYSTEM PLAN sediment deposition. The City should take all opportunities to observe the main's exterior for deterioration since exterior corrosion of the iron main is a risk in the marine environment. Work to separate the Lawrence Street storm and sanitary sewers should be completed prior to designing improvements for the Monroe Street Lift Station. This will allow the pumps to be sized appropriately if inflow is substantially reduced. RH2 suspects that PHF could drop dramatically with the storm inlets removed from the sanitary sewer. This may be adequate to provide a temporary solution to the Monroe Street Lift Station's capacity problem. This temporary solution may allow the full lift station rehabilitation or relocation to be delayed by 5 to 10 years. Other Lift Station Improvements A budget will be set aside in the CIP for minor repairs and replacements of pump motors, pump impellers, telemetry unit replacement, valve overhauls, panel replacements, generator replacements, force main repairs, and other minor improvements to keep the existing lift stations operating reliably. The City has two existing major lift stations: Monroe Street and Gaines Street. Gaines Street was upgraded in 2021, and Monroe Street will be scheduled for upgrades as discussed previously. The Mill site will add another major lift station within the next 2 to 3 years. All major lift stations will be relatively new and/or rehabilitated in the 2020s, and no additional capacity or significant upgrades will be needed during the 20-year planning horizon. The remaining lift stations are small with minor replacement needs. The CIP will include a general allowance to cover these needs. 6-12 J:ADATAATWNSDA21-0226\10 REPORT S\WIP\TWNSD_GSP CH 6.DOCX (4/26/2024 8:19 AM) City0f Port Townsen Submitted By: Steve King Agenda Bill AB24-113 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: Consent VII F ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Date Submitted: June 28, 2024 SUBJECT: Transportation Improvement Board Grant Application Priorities CATEGORY: ❑ Consent Staff Report BUDGET IMPACT: N/A ❑ Resolution Expenditure Amount: $100,000 ❑ Ordinance Included in Budget? Yes ❑ No ❑x Contract Approval ❑x Other: Motion Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) 3-Year Strategic Plan: 4 - Ensure sustainable future for public services and facilities Cost Allocation Fund: 103 Street SUMMARY STATEMENT: Every year the City has the opportunity to apply for street improvement grants through the Transportation Improvement Board (TIB). This grant source is one of the primary funding sources for street improvements throughout the last 20-30 years. Projects like F Street, Water Street, and more recently Discovery Road (2021) are largely funded by the TIB. TIB offers the three following programs available to the City of Port Townsend: • Sidewalk Program (Active Transportation) - $1.3 million available for northwest region — recommended grant request < $500,000 • Pavement Preservation programs (APP) - $2.0 million available for all of the west coast except Puget Sound — recommended grant request < $500,000 • Urban Arterial Program - $7.4 million available for region — recommended grant request < $3.0 million. • Complete Streets Program — $30 million statewide — recommended grant request < $500,000. Each of these programs has specific eligibility requirements and have grant selection criteria. The City of Port Townsend is in the NW region which includes the North Olympic Peninsula as well as the Bellingham area. Grants are highly competitive. In 2022, the City received a pavement preservation grant for Tyler Street in Uptown. In 2021, the City received a UAP grant for Discovery Road. In 2023, the City received funding for a sidewalk project for Washington and Walker. In the spring of 2024, the City received a complete street grant for Lawrence Street sidewalks and ADA upgrades. This Complete Streets grant was an anomaly opportunity for funding. TIB has encouraged us to apply even though we received this grant this spring. Key grant criteria depends on the program, but generally includes the following: • The street must be a Federal Aid route (arterial). See the following link for a map of Federal Aid routes. Under the UAP, APP, and ATP programs: htt s://wwwewsdotewae ov/data/toolls/ eo ortall/"confii ::::func�iionallcllass ............... • For the Urban Arterial program and the pavement preservation program, the street condition must be poor. There are nuanced requirements under each of these programs. • The project will score higher if it addresses a high volume of traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. • The project scores higher if it addresses a safety problem or a substandard street. • Under the Sidewalk program, sidewalk projects should connect key facilities and fill gaps. ADA compliance is a big component of this program. • Under the APP program, projects are limited only to pavement preservation. This is the first year that Chip seal is allowed. • All projects must address ADA compliance. • Projects score higher if it supports growth and development. City staff are stretched to the maximum and grants are due on August 9th. Thus, staff proposes hiring consultant help from our engineering on -call list. Applications require quite a bit of research and engineering costs estimates stamped by a PE. The cost of a grant application in terms of engineering staff time ranges from $5,000 to $15,000 per each application. The City has already applied for a number of grants this year and thus will require a budget supplement. These costs are borne by the Street fund and/or Transportation Benefit District. Given the City received a sidewalk project last year, staff is recommending applying to the Urban Arterial Program (UAP), an Arterial Pavement Preservation (APP) project, and Complete Streets project. The City will need to complete the current Washington/Walker sidewalk project before applying for another ATP (sidewalk) project. With the passage of the Transportation Benefit District, the City can be more aggressive regarding securing funds given the estimated match funding from the TBD is $250,000 per year which can leverage approximately $1.5 million in grants. Urban Arterial Program (UAP): Staff is looking for City Council feedback on the following options for the UAP program. This program can build sidewalks, repair pavement, and install bike lanes much like Discovery Road. TIB historically favors funding corridors. Discovery Road to F Street is a great example. The most important criteria for success is failed pavement. Thus, staff recommends applying for the following two projects time allowing. Staff is requesting prioritization of these two projects in case only one can be secured. • Option 1 - Larence Street between Harrison and Walker. This would include rebuilding of the pavement, installation of sidewalk on both sides where there are gaps, traffic calming, and ADA upgrades. This project would reduce the financial liability of the failed pavement on Lawrence Street. • Option 2 — Discovery Road between 19t" Street and San Juan. This would rebuild the pavement, install and install a separated shared use path on one side. The City has applied for safe routes to school funding in the past, but failed because the project is likely too large for that program. • Other Options considered that either need planning to identify the type of improvements to be installed or would not score well include, Admiralty by the Fort, Washington Street near the Pourhouse area, Hastings, Sheridan, McPherson, and Discovery to Mill Road. • Another option that makes us a corridor is the Walker, Cherry and Redwood street corridor connecting the Courthouse to Fort Worden. • Additionally, SR20 projects are not a good fit for TIB grant funding, so the various SR 20 projects are not considered an option. Arterial Pavement Preservation Proaram (APP): Staff is looking for City Council feedback on the following recommendation for the APP program. This program is limited to overlaying a street or chip sealing a street. No other work can be done other than required ADA upgrades associated with overlaying a street with new pavement. This program funded Tyler Street Overlay. This type of project is no longer allowed because the city is fixing the road base at the same time which means it is not considered preservation. Staff has reviewed the City street system as well our street crew work load. With the availability of TBD funds, staff is recommending a catch-up chip seal preservation project grant application. This would allow the City to leverage approximately $300,000 to $400,000 of TBD funding to secure another $300,000 to $400,000 of TIB grant funds if successful. Streets like F, portions of San Juan, portions of Sheridan, Kearney, Washington, and a few others are at risk of slipping into complete failure. Complete failure has already begun on San Juan near 19t", Lawrence, 19t" Street and portions of Sheridan. The focus of this grant program is to prevent failure to a point of requiring costly rebuilding the street. Staff recommends developing a street list for this application and applying for these funds. Staff will provide a more detailed list of particular streets for the August 12tn workshop on use of TBD funding in preparation for the budget process. Complete Streets Proaram: Staff is still considering options for a Complete Streets grant and will likely need to return to Council with a more refined list. Currently staff is considering the following projects. • Continue Sidewalk improvements down Lawrence from Tyler toward Monroe. • Sidewalk improvements around the High School; however, we need a plan first. • 19t" and Discovery intersection. Staff would prefer public outreach first. • Washington Street between Adams and Monroe. Fill in gaps and fix ADA in front of Memorial Field. • Apply for additional funds to include on top of the existing grant we have for 19tn and Sheridan intersection to do more substantial intersection improvements. • A complete streets grant may be able to fund a greenway, but the Non -motorized plan needs to be completed first. • Walker and Lawrence intersection if not included in the UAP application above. If the City Council or the public has any thoughts regarding the projects listed above, we are all ears. A technical analysis as to whether any of these projects are fundable still needs to be performed. Staff appreciates feedback on all of these projects and programs. It is thanks to the Transportation Benefit District that we even have funds to apply for these grants. Other considerations include staff resources to accomplish the projects, so staff is looking for efficient implementation. TIB's number one priority is that projects are completed within one year of award. This is difficult to accomplish if a lot of public process and design options are developed. Finally, in an effort to improve participation and provide the opportunity to understand better how to reach more of our community, the City has a voluntary form that any in attendance are welcome to fill out to share demographic information. This is purely voluntary and is part of the City being a welcoming and inclusive community. ATTACHMENTS: N/A CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: Move to support a Transportation Improvement Board grant applications for- 1 . The UAP program and commit $500,000 of Transportation Benefit District funds and stormwater funds as match over 3 years as match and for staff time. 2. The APP program and commit up to $400,000 of Transportation Benefit District funds as match and for staff time. 3. The Complete Streets program subject to a staff update on July 15t" of recommended projects. ALTERNATIVES: ❑x Take No Action ❑x Refer to Committee ❑x Refer to Staff ❑x Postpone Action ❑ Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance ❑ Other: City0f Port Townsen Agenda Bill AB24-109 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: IX.A Z Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Submitted By: Carrie Hite, Director of Parks Strategy Date Submitted: June 24, 2024 Departments: Administrative Contact Phone: 360-379-2979 SUBJECT: Review and give guidance on criteria to lease Mountain View campus space. CATEGORY: ❑ Consent Z El Staff Report BUDGET IMPACT: 0 ❑ Resolution Expenditure Amount: ❑ Ordinance Included in Budget? Yes Z No ❑ Contract Approval ❑ Other: Presentation Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: Choose an item, . SUMMARY STATEMENT: The City Council recently set lease limits for Mountain View campus. In addition to lease rates, staff would like City Council to review and give guidance on criteria the city will use to select a tenant. We anticipate a vacancy of the KPTZ space at the end of July 2024. The staff intend to publish an open RFP, interview, select, and bring a lease to the City Council for their approval. The criteria include- 1 . Does entity possess a business license? 2. Can the potential tenant pay the lease rate and leasehold excise tax of 12.84%? 3. How long have they been in business? 4. What are the days and hours of operation? 5. Is the entity's services complementary to what is already provided on campus? 6. Does the entity have alternative locations? 7. Have they been a good tenant? Paid rent on time, made tenant improvements, have good references? 8. Does the entity fill a gap in the community? 9. Can they afford the rent amount for a 3 year lease? BACKGROUND The City leases out spaces at Mountain View at a heavily subsidized rate in exchange for a service to the community. CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: Review and provide guidance. ALTERNATIVES: ❑x Take No Action ❑x Refer to Committee ❑ Remove from Consent Agenda approve Ordinance ❑ Other: 061 ❑x Refer to Staff ® Postpone Action ❑ Waive Council Rules and Agenda Bill: AB 24-110 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 1 ��; ��" �Port �10° Agenda Item: IX.B Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 ownsen ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Submitted By: Carrie Hite, Director of Parks Strategy Date Submitted: June 24, 2024 Departments: Administrative Contact Phone: 360-379-2979 SUBJECT: Officially name of Port Towsend Golf Course the Port Townsend Golf Park. CATEGORY: BUDGET IMPACT: 0 ❑ Consent ❑ Resolution Expenditure Amount: ❑x Staff Report ❑ Ordinance Included in Budget? Yes ❑x No ❑ ❑ Contract Approval ❑ Other: ❑ Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: Choose an item, . SUMMARY STATEMENT: The City went through a robust community process to determine the uses of the golf course. The City entered into a 22 year lease with the Friends of the Port Townsend Golf Park to operate the nine hole course and increase access to the general public. BACKGROUND When City Council authorized the lease and throughout the robust community discussion, the Port Townsend Golf Course was called the Port Townsend Golf Park. The Friends decided to do business as The Camas Prairie Golf Park. This is not the official name but a dba so they can create some branding and identity. The PRTTAB unanimously recommends the Port Townsend Golf Park. According to City Code chapter 2.85 City Council must adopt all official name changes. CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: Move to approve the name change from the Port Townsend Golf Course to the Port Townsend Golf Park. RECOMMENDED ACTION: Receive report. ALTERNATIVES: ❑x Take No Action ❑x Refer to Committee ❑x Refer to Staff ® Postpone Action ❑ Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance 0 Other: City0f Port ' m�10 Townsen Agenda Bill AB24-111 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: IX.0 ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Submitted By: Emma Bolin Date Submitted: July 1, 2024 Department: PCD Contact Phone: 360-390-4048 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillillillillillillilliillillillillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillillillilliillillilillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillillillilliillillilillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillillillilliillillilillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillillillilliillillilillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillillillilliillillilillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillillillilliillillilillillillillilillillillillillillillillillillilliillillillillI SUBJECT: City Fire Marshal and Code Official Services Interlocal Agreement CATEGORY: ❑ Consent ❑ Resolution ❑x Staff Report ❑ Ordinance BUDGET IMPACT: Expenditure Amount: $ Contract Approval ❑ Other: Discussion Item Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: Choose an item, . Included in Budget? Yes ❑ No ❑ SUMMARY STATEMENT: On December 11, 2023, City Council approved the First Amendment to Annexation Agreement with Jefferson County Fire Protection District No. 1 relating to Fire Prevention, Investigation, and Code Enforcement Services due to pending termination of the 2018 annexation agreement at the end of 2023.Though the annexation of East Jefferson Fire Rescue is now complete, the first amendment Agreement extended certain identified terms until July 1st 2024 to provide staff time to negotiate a new ILA relating to fire prevention, investigation and code enforcement services as well as CPR training. Summary of the proposed ILA: • City responsibility to bill and remit fees to EJFR for certain plan review and inspection services (Fee updates early in 2024 via Resolution 24-015) • Fire notification contact appointments and process • EJFR permit plan review timelines • Special event application notice requirement: 10 days prior to event (many community events are not submitting applications in a timely manner to enable staff review) • Inspection request notification and timeline protocol • Shared annual fire/life/safety inspections of businesses and related occupancies responsibility between EJFR and City staff • EJFR basic fire investigation responsibility • Delegates code enforcement authority to EJFR after hours for rights of entry for unsafe structures and provides ability to secure an area or shut down an event • EJFR to provide City staff with CPR and fire extinguisher training • City to participate in a Community Wildfire Prevention Plan Advisory Group The EJFR and City ILA team focused on improving how to pay for permit reviews, improving communication during fires and other emergencies that affect structures, ensuring coverage for after hours unsafe structure compliance, and determining how to reinvigorate the annual inspection process required by the International Building Code after the Covid-19 pandemic stalled and interrupted compliance with these requirements. The team briefed the Intergovernmental Collaborative Group (ICG) on how to best reestablish these inspections and how to recapture costs. Though the county expects to charge upfront, the ICG discussed administration without upfront fees and more intense education with a slower ramp up. The Port explained the difficulty with multiple tenants to encourage and invite compliance and inspections without punitive action. The EJFR/City team reflected this guidance in the ILA to charge for the second re - inspection, effectively providing businesses two opportunities to rectify noncompliance at no charge. Businesses will be required to schedule annual inspections using the City's permitting portal or face a late scheduling fee. Education and information will be provided via the business license City endorsement process. While the program ramps up, the late scheduling fee may be waived until 2026. The City will evaluate if a skills development framework salary increase is appropriate for its inspection staff to perform half of the annual inspections. Staff believe this is a balanced approach that reduces fee overhead challenges for our local businesses and recapturing our costs for recalcitrant businesses unable to comply with safety codes. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Resolution 24-027 2. Resolution 24-026 3. City Fire Marshal and Code Official Services Interlocal Agreement CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: Approve Resolution 24-026 Establishing New Fees for Fire Code -Related Services and Amending the Fee Schedule and approve Resolution 24-027 Relating to an Interlocal Agreement Between the City of Port Townsend and East Jefferson Fire Rescue Recognizing Agreed Upon Fire Code Official and Fire Marshal Services ALTERNATIVES: ❑x Take No Action ❑x Refer to Committee 0 Refer to Staff ❑x Postpone Action ❑ Remove from Consent Agenda ❑x Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance 0 Other: Resolution 24-026 RESOLUTION NO. 24-026 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON, ESTABLISHING NEW FEES FOR FIRE CODE -RELATED SERVICES AND AMENDING THE FEE SCHEUDLE WHEREAS, on July 1, 2024, the City of Port Townsend entered into an interlocal agreement with East Jefferson Fire and Rescue; and WHEREAS, as described in such interlocal agreement, the City needs to update certain fees related to fire code services. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Port Townsend as follows: Section 1. New Fees Established. The fee schedule adopted by Resolution No. 2024-015 related to fire code services will be amended to read as described below. All other fees established by Resolution No. 2024-015 will remain the same. Fire Code and Fire Prevention Review and Inspection Fees This fees in this section will be updated based on January lsr annually based on the Consumer Price Index for All -Urban Consumers (CPI-U) June to June rounded to the nearest whole dollar. Site Development A fee shall be assessed for the review and inspection of fire prevention infrastructure associated with development projects. This includes but is not limited to; street development, plats, short plats, PUD's, new commercial buildings, residential infills: Basic fee (for first two hours).......................................................................$198.00 Additional fee, per hour (over two hours)............................................................ $ 99.00 Construction Review and Inspection A fee shall be assessed for the review and inspection of the Fire Code requirements for buildings classified as Group A, B, E, F, H, I„ M, R-2, R-4 U and S. The fee shall be 15% of the building permit fee established by the Building Permit Fee Schedule with a minimum fee of $-99.00. Fire Sprinkler Systems The fee for fire sprinkler system permits shall be based upon project valuation. The plan review fee for fire sprinkler systems shall be 65% of the permit fee, with a minimum fee of $99.00. Underground Sprinkler supply (includes review and inspection)..........................................$198.00 Fire Alarm Systems The fee for fire alarm system permits shall be based upon project valuation. Plan Review fees shall be 65% of the permit fee, with a minimum fee of..................................$99.00 Type I hood suppression system (Initial/altered).......................................................... $198.00 Resolution 24-026 Special Event Permits Fire site plan review and inspection...............................................................................................................$99.00 Annual Fire Life Safety and Code Complaint Inspections 2nd Reinspection Fee.......................................................................................................................................$99.00 Late sprinkler/alarm/hood suppression/hood cleaning inspection report submittal........................................$98.00 Late Annual Inspection Scheduling Fee, 50% remittance to EJFR (subject to possible waiver in 2024-2025)....................................................................................................$198.00 Section 2. Severability. If any provision of this Resolution or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Resolution, or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances, is not affected. ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Port Townsend at a regular meeting thereof, held this 1st day of July 2024. David J. Faber Mayor Attest: Alyssa Rodrigues City Clerk Resolution 24-027 RESOLUTION NO. 24-027 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON, RELATING TO AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF PORT TOWNSEND AND EAST JEFFERSON FIRE RESCUE RECOGNIZING AGREED UPON FIRE CODE OFFICIAL AND FIRE MARSHAL SERVICES WHEREAS, the purpose of this interlocal agreement is to ensure the timely provision of fire code inspections, investigations, plans review, enforcement -related activities; and, WHEREAS, the Interlocal Cooperation Act, as amended, and codified in Chapter 39.34 RCW provides for Interlocal cooperation between governmental agencies; and, WHEREAS, it would be in the best interest of the citizens of the Parties' respective jurisdictions to cooperate in these endeavors; and, WHEREAS, the Parties hereto desire to enter into an Interlocal Agreement ("Agreement") so the Parties can agree to the terms establishing said cooperation; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Port Townsend, Washington, as follows: Section 1 — Authorization. The City Manager is authorized to sign and execute the "CITY FIRE MARSHALL AND CODE OFFICIAL SERVICES INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT" attached hereto and incorporated by this reference. ADOPTED by the City Council of Port Townsend, Washington, at a regular meeting thereof, held this I st day of July 2024. David J. Faber Mayor Attest. Alyssa Rodrigues, City Clerk CITY FIRE MARSHALL AND CODE OFFICIAL SERVICES INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT THIS INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT ("Agreement") is entered into between EAST JEFFERSON FIRE & RESCUE ("EJFR"), and the City of Port Townsend ("City"). RECITALS 1. EJFR and the City are public agencies as defined by Ch. 39.34 of the Revised Code of Washington ("RCW"), and are authorized to enter into interlocal agreements on the basis of mutual advantage and to provide services and facilities in the manner and pursuant to forms of governmental organization that will accord best with geographic, economic, population, and other factors influencing the needs of local communities; and 2. EJFR maintains a professional fire and life safety division that regularly performs administration of the fire code and conducts inspections, plan reviews, and/or fire investigations "Fire Marshal Services"; and 3. EJFR provides Fire Marshal Services pursuant to RCW 52.12.031; and 4. The City desires to use EJFR's Fire Marshal Services to assist the City in managing the City's fire marshal needs. AGREEMENT NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the terms and provisions contained herein, it is agreed between EJFR and the City as follows: 1. Definitions. 1.1 City Point of Contact. The primary point of contact is the City Planning and Community Development Director (PCDD) as Fire Code Official for purposes of this ILA. The PCDD may designate a secondary contact as necessary when they are absent or unavailable. 1.2 Fire Chief. The appointed Fire Chief of EJFR. 1.3 Fire Marshal Services. The services identified in Section 11.1(a) of this Agreement. 1.4 Fire Marshal. The Fire Marshal designated by EJFR Chief to be the responsible official for providing the specific Fire Marshal Services enumerated in this agreement. 1.5 Fire Code Official. Relating to the enforcement of the provision of codes, enforcement authority falls to the PCDD or their designee. Unless otherwise modified in City code, the designee will typically be the City Building Official. 1 2. Services. It is the purpose of this Agreement to establish the framework to allow EJFR to perform the Fire Marshal Services set forth in Section 11 as required by the City to fulfil its statutory obligations to provide the Fire Marshal Services to its citizens. 3. Compensation. In consideration of this Agreement and the services provided, the City will compensate EJFR as follows: 3.1 For Fire Code related services, the City will adopt the EJFR rate fee schedule in Resolution 24-026 for all Fire Marshal Services and, unless otherwise indicated, shall remit to EJFR 100% of the fees collected less any City administrative and/or technology fees collected in addition to the identified EJFR fee. The City shall be responsible for the billing and collection of all such fees. The City shall account for and remit all fees collected to EJFR on a quarterly basis. 3.2 The City shall be responsible for billing and collection of all annual reinspection, operational permit, and related fees. 3.3 EJFR fees shall be updated annually in the adopted fee schedule by City Council with an annual increase in accordance with the June -to -June CPI-U for Seattle. 3.4 For Fire Investigation Services, EJFR shall provide the services necessary determine the general cause and area of origin within the scope of the NFPA 1021 at the company officer level at no additional cost. For investigations that require any more thorough investigation for a suspected crime, injury, negligence, etc. the City and EJFR will agree on a rate at the time of service. EJFR shall invoice the City within 30 days of the completion of an investigation and the City shall pay such invoice within 30 days of receipt. 4. Administration of Agreement. This Agreement shall be administered by the PCDD or designee and the Fire Chief or designee. 5. Designation of Fire Chief and Fire Marshal. For the purposes of enforcement of federal, state, and City laws relating to the provision of the Fire Marshal Services and for the purposes of complying with federal and state grant programs or any other programs which relate to the provision of Fire Marshal Services, the City hereby designates the Fire Chief of EJFR as the City's Fire Chief, and EJFR's Fire Marshal as the City's Fire Marshal. Notwithstanding the preceding designations, the Fire Chief and Fire Marshal shall remain employees of EJFR and EJFR shall retain absolute discretion over all employment decisions relating to the Fire Chief and Fire Marshal. EJFR, in consultation with the City, may complete an ILA with a third party to assist with Fire Marshal duties and remit fees collected by the City for said services. 6. Communications. The Fire Marshal will use reasonable efforts to keep the City's Point of Contact informed and apprised of problems and/or circumstances arising from the provision of Fire Marshal Services. The City's Point of Contact will use reasonable efforts to keep the Fire Marshal informed and apprised of circumstances within the City's jurisdiction that impact or affect the Fire Marshal Services. K 7. Fire Code Administration/Standardization. The City is responsible for adopting the Washington State Fire Code as amended by the City. The City's local code amendments shall be adopted in consultation with the Fire Marshal. 8. Fire Code Enforcement. With the exception of Fire Investigations as described in Section 3.4, the City Fire Code Official shall be responsible for taking any action to enforce the provisions of the City's adopted Fire Code. The City shall be fully responsible for bringing any cause of action before any court, hearing examiner, board, committee, or other body empowered to determine responsibility for violations of the City's Fire Code and shall be responsible for pursuing and collecting any fines, penalties, compliance, and abatement. EJFR employees and agents that provide the Fire Marshal services will cooperate with and be available for all City enforcement actions. 9. Records. Except for working copies and fire investigation related records, all other records, documents, and drawings pertaining to the Fire Marshal services provided for under this Agreement shall be maintained at a City location determined by the City and shall be the sole property of the City. Provided, however, the City shall cooperate with and make such records available to EJFR in a timely manner in the event EJFR determines any of the records are responsive to a public record request received by EJFR. 10. Duration. This Agreement shall become effective on the date specified in Resolution 24-025 and shall remain in full force and effect until the Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section 12. 11. Scope of Services. 11.1 Land Use, Special Event, Building, Fire Plan Review and Permit Inspections. a. Fire Marshal. EJFR shall verify fire and life safety code compliance of the Washington State Building Code, Existing Building Code, Fire Code, Residential Code, and Wildland Urban Interface Code including any locally adopted amendments, codes, and/or standards by the City. ii. EJFR shall conduct plan reviews on Land Use, Street Development, Special Event, Building, Fire Protection, and other related applications to the City for development and conduct related inspections as relevant to EJFR's administration of services iii. EJFR and each of its employees, officials, agents, and volunteers as identified by the Fire Marshal shall be granted access to the City's software used for permitting, plan review and inspection. iv. EJFR shall be notified in a mutually agreed upon manner of pending plans due for review. Once notification is given, EJFR agrees to complete plan review within 10 business days of receipt from the City's permit coordinator. Special Events shall submit plans for review a minimum of 10 business days prior to the event. V. EJFR Fire Marshal personnel shall be available, as appropriate, with reasonable notice, for both in -person and virtual pre -application and pre - construction conferences. vi. EJFR shall conduct field inspections of new construction, development, and events as required by the Washington State Fire Code and its referenced standards. EJFR shall be notified by the applicant, contractor, or other responsible party when permitted work is ready for inspection. Inspection requests shall be placed through the City's permitting system, and City staff will notify EJFR, by phone or email, with a minimum of one business day prior to the requested inspection date; however, Special Events shall request inspections a minimum of five business days prior to the event. b. Fire Code Official. The City's Fire Code Official shall determine appropriate projects that require Fire Marshal review consistent with the fee schedule and generally will include, but is not limited to new subdivisions, major street development projects that may impact emergency access, commercial construction and tenant improvement projects, fire suppression systems, special event, fire detection and fire alarms. ii. The Fire Code Official shall determine when third party review is appropriate with consultation and collaboration with the Fire Marshal. iii. The City shall provide notice of plans ready for review a minimum of 10 business days prior to expected EJFR completion unless otherwise agreed to by EJFR. The City shall provide Special Events plans for review a minimum of 10 business days prior to the event. iv. The City shall provide EJFR, as appropriate, with reasonable notice, for both in -person and virtual pre -application and pre -construction conferences. V. The City shall provide permit review software and markup licensure for EJFR staff assigned to permit review used for permitting, plan review and inspection. vi. The City shall collect all fees and remit to EJFR in accordance with section 3. vii. The City shall provide notice of inspection requests to Fire Marshall a minimum of one business day in advance of the requested inspection; however, the City shall provide notice of Special Events inspection requests a minimum of five business days prior to the event. 11.2 Annual Fire/Life/Safety and Code Complaint Fire Safety Inspections of Businesses and Related Occupancies. a. Fire Marshal. EJFR shall assist in providing annual fire safety inspections of business occupancies within the corporate limits of the City. ii. When an inspection is conducted by EJFR, they shall be responsible for transmitting the completed annual fire safety inspection report to the City Fire Code Official. iii. EJFR shall issue state mandated operational permits, when required, during the annual fire safety inspection. Once issued, EJFR shall renew operational permits during the annual fire safety inspection. iv. EJFR shall perform half of the annual fire life safety inspections and will be due fees in accordance with the approved fee schedule in Resolution 24-026 for second re -inspections, late inspection report submittals, and 50% of the land inspection scheduling fee. EJFR will conduct re - inspections alongside the Fire Code Official when requested within five business days. b. Fire Code Official. The Fire Code Official shall ensure that a fire safety inspection is conducted by either the City or EJFR for each commercial civic address, building, suite, and building shell and/or common space (when applicable). The City shall perform half of the annual fire life safety inspections within the City and will collect for itself late inspection report submittals fees and 50% of the late inspection scheduling fees to account for increased compliance and administrative staff hours. ii. The City shall notify EJFR and transmit the location of any City completed annual fire safety inspection report and ensure it is accessible to the owner, the owner's authorized agent, operator, occupant or other responsible person as well as to EJFR. iii. The City shall collect second re -inspection fees and late inspection scheduling fees, and shall remit collected fees to EJFR on a quarterly basis. iv. The City shall initiate a code compliance case for any failed life fire safety inspection of an occupancy and shall store any and all records within the case records. 11.3 Fire Investigations. a. Fire Marshal. The City delegates authority to perform fire investigations to EJFR to be performed in compliance with NFPA 921. As part of these duties, EJFR is responsible to determine the origin and probable cause of fires and explosions, and may include interviewing witnesses, making arrangements for any special studies or laboratory analysis (in conjunction with City Police), and completing a written incident report as appropriate. ii. EJFR may elect to use a combination of EJFR qualified personnel and interlocal agreement with Jefferson County Fire Marshal's Office to provide fire investigation services or other appropriate contractors at its discretion. iii. Fire investigation reports and the records therein shall be stored by EJFR and a monthly summary of such reports provided to the City for the City's code compliance efforts. iv. If the cause of a fire is deemed incendiary or suspicious, EJFR will take appropriate follow up actions in conjunction with the City Police Department, Prosecuting Attorney, and City Code Compliance Officer, as appropriate. EFJR will provide expert witness testimony and review or prepare case -related information as requested. b. Fire Code Official. The Fire Code Official shall coordinate with EJFR and affected property owners to assess structural stability and if the structure can be occupied. As noted in Section 11.4, EJFR is delegated the authority to red tag unsafe structures outside of business hours if the Fire Code Official is unavailable. ii. The Fire Code Official shall initiate a code compliance case and store any reports or inspection and red tag records pertaining to the affected property. 11.4 Code Enforcement Issues Outside of Business Hours. a. Fire Marshal. The Fire Code Official delegates authority to the Fire Marshal for after- hours right of entry and red tag for unsafe structure to enforce Section 114 of the IFC for purposes of but not limited to the following: inspection of a premises, a structure, or any building system, in whole or in part, constitutes a clear and inimical threat to human life, safety or health, moreover any structure or equipment that is unsafe, unsanitary, with inadequate means of egress, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitutes a fire hazard. ii. Specifically, the Fire Marshall has authority to secure an area or shut down a public event, or work with City Police to do the same for the reasons as noted above, to ensure no unauthorized entry until Fire Code Official resumes business hour duty and can assess the situation. iii. Any right of entry, area secured, or red tag shall be communicated to the City Point of Contact to ensure that the City Fire Code Official can follow up any compliance orders relating to any repairs, alterations, remodeling, removing or demolition required. iv. Fire Marshal will notify the point of contact when after hours authority is exercised and relevant details for public information purposes. b. Fire Code Official. The Fire Code Official will ensure that City Manager is aware of any exercise of this section after hours. ii. The Fire Code Official shall determine any additional measures to be taken by the Fire Marshal on their behalf if unable to respond. 11.5 Fire Prevention, Education and Training. a. Fire Marshal. EJFR will provide one CPR class per year for up to an agreed -upon number of City Employees at no cost to the City. ii. EJFR will coordinate with City Fire Code Official and Code Compliance Officer on public messaging relating to fire safety. iii. As time and expenses allow, EJFR will provide fire extinguisher training to City employees. iv. EJFR will coordinate with City staff in any exercises for the purposes of preparedness training for City facility disaster response. b. Fire Code Official. 7 Fire Code Official or other City representative will participate in a Community Wildfire Prevention Plan Advisory Group. ii. The City will ensure that fire prevention materials and links are made available on its website. 12. Termination. 12.1 Termination by Notice. Either parry may terminate this Agreement by providing the other parry with 60 days advance written notice of an intent to terminate or renegotiate ("Notice"). If the Notice requests renegotiation the parties must reach agreement on the renegotiated terms or the Agreement will terminate. 12.2 Termination by Mutual Written Agreement. This Agreement may be terminated at any time by mutual written agreement of the parties. 12.3 Termination for Breach. EJFR may terminate this Agreement with fourteen (14) days advance written notice upon the failure of the City to make payments as required by this Agreement. The City may terminate this Agreement upon fourteen (14) days advance written notice in the event EJFR fails to provide services as required in this Agreement. Prior to termination for Breach, the parry claiming breach must provide written notice to the breaching parry stating the basis of the breach and the parry receiving notice shall have 14 calendar days in which to cure the breach before Notice of Termination can be provided. 13. Indemnification and Hold Harmless. 13.1 City agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless EJFR and each of its employees, officials, agents, and volunteers from any and all losses, claims, liabilities, lawsuits, or legal judgments arising out of any negligent or tortious actions or inactions by the City or any of its employees, officials, agents, or volunteers, while acting within the scope of the duties required by this Agreement. All costs, including but not limited to attorney's fees, court fees, mediation fees, arbitration fees, settlements, awards of compensation, awards of damages of every kind, etc., shall be paid by the City or its insurer. This provision shall survive the expiration of this Agreement. This provision shall also survive and remain in effect in the event that a court or other entity with jurisdiction determines that this Agreement is not enforceable. 13.2 EJFR agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the City and each of its employees, officials, agents, and volunteers from any and all losses, damages, claims, liabilities, lawsuits, or legal judgments arising out of any negligent or tortious actions or inactions by EJFR or any of its employees, officials, agents, or volunteers, while acting within the scope of the duties required by this Agreement. All costs, including but not limited to attorney's fees, court fees, mediation fees, arbitration fees, settlements, awards of compensation, awards of damages of every kind, etc., shall be paid by EJFR or its insurer. This provision shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement. This provision shall also survive and remain in effect 8 in the event that a court or other entity with jurisdiction determines that this interlocal Agreement is not enforceable. 13.3 It is further specifically and expressly understood that the indemnification provided herein constitutes each party's waiver of immunity under industrial insurance, Title 51 RCW, solely to carry out the purposes of this indemnification clause. The parties further acknowledge that they have mutually negotiated this waiver. 14. Insurance. EJFR and the City shall carry and maintain, for the duration of this Agreement, general liability, automobile liability, property damage, and errors and omissions insurance coverage with an admitted carrier for the state of Washington. 15. Dispute Resolution. Prior to any other action, the parties shall meet and attempt to negotiate a resolution to such dispute. 15.1 Mediation. If the parties are unable to resolve a dispute regarding this Agreement through negotiation, either parry may seek to mediate the dispute through a process to be mutually agreed to in good faith between the parties within 30 days. If mediation is agreed to by both parties, the parties shall share equally the costs of mediation and each parry shall be responsible for their own costs in preparation and participation in the mediation, including expert witness fees and reasonable attorney's fees. 15.2 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington. In the event any suit or other proceeding is instituted to enforce any term of this Agreement, the parties specifically understand and agree that venue shall be properly and exclusively in Jefferson County, Washington. The prevailing parry in any such action shall be entitled to its costs of suit, including attorneys' fees and expert witness fees. 16. Miscellaneous. 16.1 Ownership of Property. The parties to this Agreement do not contemplate the acquisition of any jointly owned property to carry out the purposes of this Agreement. Any property owned by EJFR shall remain the property of the EJFR and any property owned by the City shall remain the property of the City. 16.2 Non -Waiver of Breach. The failure of either parry to insist upon strict performance of any of the covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement, or to exercise any option conferred by this Agreement in one or more instances shall not be construed to be a waiver or relinquishment of those covenants, agreements or options, and the same shall be and remain in full force and effect. 16.3 Assignment. Any assignment of this Agreement by either party without the prior written consent of the non -assigning parry shall be void. If the non -assigning parry gives its consent to any assignment, the terms of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect and no further assignment shall be made without additional written consent. 16.4 Modification. No waiver, alteration, or modification of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding unless in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of each parry and subject to ratification by the legislative body of each parry. 16.5 Compliance with Laws. Each parry agrees to comply with all local, federal and state laws, rules, and regulations that are now effective or in the future become applicable to this Agreement. 16.6 Entire Agreement. The written terms and provisions of this Agreement, together with any exhibits attached hereto, shall supersede all prior communications, negotiations, representations or agreements, either verbal or written of any officer or other representative of each parry, and such statements shall not be effective or be construed as entering into or forming a part of or altering in any manner this Agreement. All of the exhibits are hereby made part of this Agreement. Should any of the language of any exhibits to this Agreement conflict with any language contained in this Agreement, the language of this document shall prevail. 16.7 Amendments. The Fire Chief and the City may agree to amendments of Exhibit A without obtaining further approval from EJFR's or the City's legislative bodies. 16.8 Severability. If any section of this Agreement is adjudicated to be invalid, such action shall not affect the validity of any section not so adjudicated. 16.9 Interpretation. The legal presumption that an ambiguous term of this Agreement should be interpreted against the parry who prepared the Agreement shall not apply. 16.10 Notice. All communications regarding this Agreement shall be sent to the parties at the addresses listed on the signature page of the Agreement, unless notified to the contrary. Any written notice hereunder shall become effective upon personal service or three (3) business days after the date of mailing by registered or certified mail, and shall be deemed sufficiently given if sent to the addressee at the address stated in this Agreement or such other address as may be hereafter specified in writing. 16.11 No employment relationship. Nothing in this Agreement shall be considered to create an employer -employee relationship between the parties hereto. 10 City0f Port ' m�10 Townsen Agenda Bill AB24-112 Meeting Date: July 1, 2024 Agenda Item: IX.D ® Regular Business Meeting ❑ Workshop/Study Session ❑ Special Business Meeting Submitted By: Richard Gould, Finance Manager Date Submitted: May 15, 2024 Department: Finance SUBJECT: 2023 Fourth Quarter Financial Update CATEGORY: ❑x Consent ❑ Resolution Contact Phone: 360-379-4406 BUDGET IMPACT: Expenditure Amount: ❑x Staff Report ❑ Ordinance ❑ Contract Approval ❑ Other: ❑ Public Hearing (Legislative, unless otherwise noted) ❑ 3-Year Strategic Plan: N/A Cost Allocation Fund: N/A SUMMARY STATEMENT: Included in Budget? Yes ❑ No ❑x The Fourth Quarter Financial Report for 2023 provides a summary of the financial activity through December. Financial results remain on target. The City's reserves continue to remain strong and within policy parameters, keeping the City in a good financial position. Key general government revenues such as sales tax, property tax, lodging tax and development and permitting fees are on target and coming in as expected primarily due to strong results in the retail, construction, and accommodation segments of the market. Real estate excise tax results show transaction activity picking back up but has slowed in comparison to the last couple of years. The City continues to reap revenue benefits from the new investment strategy implemented by the finance department due to the higher interest rates. Due to this success, we will increase investments in 2024 and see another increase like 2023. The fourth quarter fund activity resulted in an increase from the third quarter in the total City fund balance of over $640k. In comparison the activity from Quarter two to three was just over $1.7m. The most significant funds that lead to this result were the general ($490k) and the enterprise ($1.05m). The overall fund activity for the year to date (December 31) is over $5.3m. The budgeted expectations for 2023 were projected to be a decrease of $11.1m by fiscal yearend. The single most significant impact as to why this did not occur was in the capital budget where the $9.5m budgeted expenditures came in at $2.1 m spent. Overall expenses are either on target or under budget, depending on the fund and when activity typically occurs. Though additional project managers were hired in the 2nd quarter, and capital projects continue to ramp up we still experienced a "lag" between budgeted projects expectations and actual expenditures (activity) coming in 2023. This is one of the causes for delayed capital projects which in turn supports lower projected expenses (under budget) and leads to higher fund balances. We anticipate greater activity in our capital accounts next year. Salaries and benefits are 11 % ($1.4m) under budget, with a continued vacancy rate of 13%. Overtime is over budget by 39% ($91 k) in many departments which is offset by the vacancy rate but still leads to other considerations such as short staffing preventing time off (potential employee burnout) or being in a reactive instead of proactive mode which can also result in a failure to meet deadlines. Staffing continues to remain a challenge; however, we are making some headway in hiring and bringing new staff on board. We anticipate filling most if not all the vacancies in 2024. The City remains in a good financial position. Revenues are coming in as expected while expenses are under budget due to vacancies and timing of projects. The City is positioned for the higher expense activity (capital projects) that did not occur this year even as some of this moves into 2024. The Consumer Price Index or CPI peaked in 2022 and is now averaging 4% less than a year ago at this time. We continue to watch for other key indicators in the national economy that will impact us locally. Some of those indicators include the real estate market trends, corporate orders and profits, plus overall employment. There is no way to know the future, but the goal is to remain thoughtful and diligent while utilizing the resources we have available without overextending our bounds. Staff continues to look for the right balance. As a cash basis reporting entity, some of the variances to the annual budget identified in the report summaries may be a result of timing of either the cash receipt of the revenues or cash payment of the expenditures. ATTACHMENTS: 1. 2023 Fourth Quarter Fund Summary CITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION: N/A RECOMMENDED ACTION: No Action Required ALTERNATIVES: ❑ Take No Action ❑ Refer to Committee ❑ Refer to Staff ❑ Postpone Action ❑ Remove from Consent Agenda ❑ Waive Council Rules and approve Ordinance ❑ Other: [( N M O�i ' C- .y N O N m m 9 m HIM HIM HIM HIM k cl W W l�1 V I TIM m' h rIN C > a� d. 9 d' d' d' d' d' d' d' N `�° 2� i i d' d' 4 9� 1 N em d' d' em 9. �o 11 .ol N h ti.m 11 M �' l7 O iiiN m .y � m •� m w m m �o .y N`,. ttY •� � ' 4` +emu Q m ' � � R i3 ytiyyy 9f W = C w m h O m co m e1 XQ ti m m ti y G vri �t �O N ^ 9 x m �k fE` j m 4 m 3' 3' N o 2' `m° 4 3' .914 v� n� m n h w9 [filii N .y ti N .y ti j W W� N Fv�G fi 4 � O m sa w aN oar, ; �o v �o a co m 4Y G G ' h; N h ti n a N W 9 ry" .y m m .y ti 04 C ©� 04 M h m. I wwm m Iw y c m a o m / E w co of m N N E Y y c _ 0 _ Q 0 i D. W x .a [[[[ E G LL jg m E o u" E 7 a o o G a 3 3 v N Y E m E C y m w a E E N ¢ m_1 o u E E E z 3 E E y a a° EE m o a rm - LL a u ° a! w «« N a 3 3 z r�u a01 cityo fPort IIIyVVh6 Y M" Townsen 2023 Fourth Quarter Report 2023 - Fund Financial Status Analysis The following analysis is on the fourth quarter financial report for 2023. This analysis is based upon the City of Port Townsend's Fourth Quarter Financial Report for 2023 and provides a summary of the financial activity through December 31st. Financial results remain on target. The City's reserves continue to remain strong and within policy parameters, keeping the City in a strong financial position: • Overall General Fund revenues are 2% ($317k) over budget in 2023. • General Fund expenditures are under budget by 15% ($2.6m). • A.R.P.A. expenditures were approximately $622k which leaves a balance of $1.719m to be appropriated by the end of 2024 and spent by the end of 2026. • Street Operations experienced a reduction in fund balance (expenditures exceeding revenues) by almost $305k. This is a result of activity and a hold on interfund transfers. • The special revenue funds saw an overall decrease of more than $328k but this is primarily due to the use of ARPA funds and Street operations expenditures exceeding revenues. • General Capital (301) revenues were less than expenses due to a Commerce grant budgeted for $500k not being received and a hold placed on interfund transfers, both of which will be addressed in 2024. • Street Capital (305-CIP) was budgeted near $7m for roadway improvements ($6.84m) and yet only $700k ($529k for roadway) was used due to staffing and other causes for delay which pushed this to 2024. This is an example of areas significantly under budget that were not addressed in the budget supplement. • The enterprise funds significantly surpassed budgeted targets by nearly $4.7m. This is due to a combination of capital projects activity under budget and a hold on interfund transfers. • While the internal service funds revenues were under budget by 21 % expenditures came in under budget by 30% so the fund balances increased by nearly $232k. • The Engineering Services Fund (555) revenues received were significantly less than budgeted for ($592k) due to project billings not yet performed (activity less and later than anticipated). Another area to be addressed in year-end budget supplements. Overall, the City of Port Townsend's cash position increased from 2022 by $5.3m. I have referenced above a "hold" on interfund transfers. This was due to staff turnover and the budget supplement which did not include adjustments to areas that were currently under budget. When a budget supplement is prepared it includes adjustments to both areas that are over budget and under budget (significantly). 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