HomeMy WebLinkAboutQuimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan - 2008Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
i
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
(Ordinance 2976)
Prepared for:
Jefferson Land Trust
Prepared By:
Sam Gibboney
Engineering and Management Services
& Associates
Christy Carr
Dr. Fred Sharpe
Jude Rubin
Timothy Witten
This document funded with the generous support of:
Hugh and Jane Ferguson Foundation
The Mountaineers Foundation
Horizons Foundation
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
ii
Table of Contents
LIST OF ACRONYMS………………………………………………………...iv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………...1
Purpose
Applicability Within the City Limits
Relationship to Other City Plans and Ordinances
The City of Port Townsend’s Role in Implementing the Plan
Project History
CHAPTER TWO: HABITAT ASSESSMENT……………………………………..7
General Introduction
Vegetation Inventory
Wildlife Habitat Value
Natural Disturbances and Human Impacts in the QWC
Long-Term Monitoring
CHAPTER THREE: LAND USE AND REGULATORY OVERVIEW……………...23
Washington State Regulations
Local Jurisdictions
The Planning Relationship
CHAPTER FOUR: LAND PROTECTION STRATEGY…………………………..32
Current Ownership
Acquisition Strategy Update
Alternative Protection Strategies
CHAPTER FIVE: INVASIVE PLANT SURVEY AND STEWARDSHIP…………….38
Methods
Results and Recommendations
Invasive Plant Control and Stewardship Priorities
CHAPTER SIX: NON-MOTORIZED TRAILS, SIGNAGE, AND INTERPRETIVE
DISPLAYS…………………………………………………………………...48
Trails and QWC – Areas of Overlapping Use
Areas for Signs and Interpretation
CHAPTER SEVEN: UTILITY ENCROACHMENT INTO THE QWC……………...58
Potential Future Utility Impacts
CHAPTER EIGHT: RESTORATION OPPORTUNITIES AND METHODS…………63
CHAPTER NINE: ACTION PLAN…………………………………………….71
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
1. OWNERSHIP………………………………………………………………………80
2. HABITAT TYPES…………………………………………………………………..81
3. HABITAT SEGMENTS AND CONNECTORS……………………………………….…83
4. OVERLAPPING USES………………………………………………………………85
5. UTILITY INTRUSIONS…………………………………………………………...…87
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: REFERENCES.................................................................................................87
APPENDIX B: CHAPTER THREE LAND USE AND REGULATORY OVERVIEW………………92
APPENDIX C: CHAPTER FIVE INVASIVE SPECIES NOTES..................................................110
APPENDIX D: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT, COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION……...…117
APPENDIX E: CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN……………………………………..….…116
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
iv
List of Acronyms
BAS Best Available Science
DNR Department of Natural Resources
DOE Department of Ecology
ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area
FPA Forest Practice Act
GIS Geographic Information System
GMA Growth Management Act
HPA Hydraulic Permit Application
JCCP Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan
JLT Jefferson Land Trust
NMTAB Non-Motorized Transportation Advisory Board
NMTP Non-Motorized Transportation Plan
PHS Protected Habitats and Species
P/OS Public Open Space [zoning classification]
PTCP Port Townsend Comprehensive Plan
PTMC Port Townsend Municipal Code
SEPA State Environmental Policy Act
SOC Species of Concern
UGA Unified Growth Area
WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
WSPRC Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Project Mission Statement
To preserve an undeveloped wildlife corridor of native vegetation
connecting important wildlife habitat areas
between Fort Worden and the Middlepoint Land Conservancy.
The Quimper Wildlife Corridor (QWC) is an ambitious project spearheaded by Jefferson
Land Trust (JLT). The Quimper Wildlife Corridor is a series of high quality wetlands,
floodplains, and forested connections located on the North Quimper Peninsula in East
Jefferson County, Washington. This 3.5-mile drainage course stretches from the
Middlepoint Land Conservancy near Protection Island on the west side of the Quimper
Peninsula to Chinese Gardens Wetland near Fort Worden State Park.
The wildlife corridor links six major wildlife habitat areas, including four significant and
high-priority wetlands. The wildlife corridor also contains areas of significant habitat
value within the connections between the major habitat areas.
Purpose
The purpose of this plan is to re-examine and refine the vision of the Quimper Wildlife
Corridor Project (QWCP) and to provide recommendations for long-term management
strategies for Jefferson Land Trust and its partners. The QWCP was first conceptualized
in 1992 and much has been accomplished since then. Consequently, the focus of this
document is not to complete a feasibility study but to provide management tools for long-
term protection between multiple property owners and governmental jurisdictions.
Primary goals include:
Establish a greenbelt of native vegetation
Protect and Improve wildlife habitat for multiple species with a corridor
that connects key habitat areas/nodes
Preserve the long-term viability of the QWC
Increase community stewardship
Secondary goals include:
Protection of the largest natural drainage basin within the City
Providing opportunities for passive recreational uses
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
2
Primary Objectives
The primary objectives of this plan are as follows:
Complete an inventory and habitat assessment of the corridor. Initial
feasibility studies of the QWC identified six major habitat areas. Since that initial
assessment, the research for this Plan has identified other significant habitat areas.
This plan will provide an inventory and assessment of the major habitat areas as
well as the connecting lands between.
Evaluate land use policy. This plan will examine current state and local land use
policies and regulations and assess their compatibility with the QWC.
Identify and/or update land acquisition strategy. JLT developed a tiered
acquisition strategy in 1999 at the onset of its capital campaign. This plan will
examine current ownership and provide recommendations on the final phases of
land acquisition for the project.
Identify protection strategies other than acquisition. Some areas are highly
developed and are unlikely to either be acquired or to have conservation
easements. This plan will identify alternative strategies for adding and protecting
wildlife habitat.
Manage invasive species. This plan will identify areas of invasive species and
make recommendations on containment strategies.
Evaluate trails and human usage and potential areas of conflict. This plan
will examine the City of Port Townsend’s adopted Non-Motorized Transportation
Plan and identify any potential areas of conflict. It will also examine points of
entry and identify areas for signage and interpretation.
Evaluate utility and infrastructure encroachment. This plan will identify
existing utility and infrastructure encroachments into the QWC and will also
identify potential future conflicts as proposed by utility comprehensive plans.
Identify areas for restoration. This plan will examine the corridor and identify
areas for potential restoration efforts.
Identify Mitigation Opportunities. This plan will consider identification of
opportunities for off-site mitigation through implementation of the City’s Critical
Areas Ordinance.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
3
Applicability Within the City Limits
This plan includes guidance for a corridor that traverses through unincorporated portions
of Jefferson County and within the municipal boundaries of the City of Port Townsend.
The City, through review and adoption of this plan, can implement only policies and
standards for lands located within its jurisdiction. Land located within unincorporated
Jefferson County is not subject to the standards and policies in this plan unless action is
taken by Jefferson County.
The City has further chosen to limit applicability of the plan to encompass only the
following lands:
Land located within the corridor protected by a conservation easement held by the
Jefferson Land Trust.
Land located within the corridor owned by the Jefferson Land Trust.
Land located within the corridor owned by the City of Port Townsend, excepting
the City’s Wastewater Treatment facility (i.e., the north-half of Block 11, all of
Blocks 20 and 21 of the California Addition to the City of Port Townsend) and
the northerly and westerly portions of the Levinski property (i.e., Tax Parcels 52-
57 inclusive and Tax Parcel 59).
In regards future land purchases by the city, this plan shall apply in cases where
stormwater funds are used to purchase parcels for the purpose of protecting the 100-year
floodplain.
This plan shall be considered advisory only for all other properties located within the
City’s jurisdiction. Although not mandatory, owners of private property located within
the corridor in the City are encouraged to implement the policies and standards of the
plan on a voluntary basis.
Relationship to Other City Plans and Ordinances
In 1996, the City of Port Townsend adopted a comprehensive plan consistent with the planning goals of the Growth Management Act (GMA). As an urban growth area, the city is charged with the responsibility to plan for urban density sufficient to absorb its allocated share of Jefferson County’s population growth over the planning horizon. Consistent with the GMA planning goals, the city’s comprehensive plan contains policies and goals to retain open space, enhance recreational opportunities, conserve fish and wildlife habitat, increase access to natural resource lands and water, and develop parks and recreation facilities. A number of the stated goals and policies of the City’s comprehensive plan support the Quimper Wildlife Corridor (QWC) project as further outlined in Chapter Three. The City of Port Townsend adopts the QWC Plan as a “functional” and “implementing” land use and development planning document for the City of Port Townsend, supplementing
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
4
and implementing the 1996 Comprehensive Plan, adopted by Ordinance 2539. Adoption of the QWC Plan significantly meets the city’s obligation to meet open space requirements within an urban growth area.
In the event of conflict between the provisions of the Critical Areas Ordinance (CAO),
codified in Chapter 19.05 PTMC, and the Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan,
the CAO shall prevail.
The City of Port Townsend’s Role in Implementing the Plan
Through adoption of this plan, the City fully implements the Comprehensive Plan’s Land
Use Element Policy 3.6.2. The direction of this policy is to “Support the establishment of
a Quimper Peninsula wildlife and open space corridor.”
Adoption of this plan allows for specific management policies and standards to be
applied to lands located within the corridor that are owned by the City or subject to a
Jefferson Land Trust conservation easement. The City, through its regulatory authority,
will ensure compliance with the requirements contained within the plan for applicable
properties.
A significant aspect of the plan is the direction to establish though either voluntary
agreement or purchase, permanent conservation easements on lands located within the
corridor. The City intends to seek funding to acquire key parcels within the corridor to
ensure their permanent protection. The City plans to pursue acquisition of these parcels
in partnership with the Jefferson Land Trust. This partnership will have designated roles:
the City will apply for grant funding and the Land Trust will seek donations,
contributions and/or funding from other sources to meet any required jurisdictional
“match” for grants obtained.
Several rezones of city-owned lands are recommended in the QWC Management Plan.
Recommended rezones will require a Comprehensive Plan amendment. The city will
require additional analysis and opportunity for public comment prior to acting on the
recommended rezones.
Project History
The Quimper Wildlife Corridor was first conceptualized in 1992. At that time the City of
Port Townsend and Jefferson County were experiencing one of the highest human
population growth rates in the state. Concurrently, both the City and the County were
working to implement the State of Washington’s Growth Management Act (GMA). The
purpose of the GMA is to address the problems of rapid growth and encourage planning
efforts and appropriate land use. One of the goals of the GMA legislation is to protect
“Critical Areas,” which include wetlands, fish and wildlife habitat areas, aquifer recharge
areas, and frequently flooded areas.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
5
The City formed the Wetlands and Stormwater Advisory Committee, which began work
on an inventory of wetlands and drainage corridors within the city limits. This committee
is largely credited with developing the “natural drainage system approach” that is
identified as a goal in the City’s comprehensive plan. This committee was the first to
identify the string of wetlands across the north Quimper Peninsula.
In the spring of 1992, Kathleen Mitchell, a local resident, biologist, and student,
completed a report: Investigating the Feasibility of an Urban Wildlife Corridor in Port
Townsend, Washington (Mitchell, 1992). This paper was the seminal work that launched
the QWCP. In her report, Mitchell notes the threat to wildlife habitat by urban
development and fragmentation. The paper also introduced the concept of the “wildlife
corridor” as a way to counter fragmentation.
Corridors are regarded as narrow strips of habitat that have wildlife value (Adam and
Dove, 1989). A corridor can connect “nodes” of high conservation value such as existing
parks, wetlands, natural areas, and forestlands. The paper then recommended that eight
habitat areas be identified as nodes within a corridor. Seven of these habitat areas, or
nodes, have been incorporated into the QWC (see Figure 1):
Fort Worden State Park
Chinese Gardens
Quaking Aspen (Levinski) Wetland
Winona Wetland
Tibbals Lake Reserve
Department of Natural Resources (DNR) State School Land Parcel
Middlepoint Land Conservancy
In 1995, the City of Port Townsend completed an area study of the city’s largest drainage
basin (Polaris Engineering and Surveying, 1995) that contains a good portion of the
QWC. This plan delineated and mapped the 100-year floodplain for the basin and
includes Winona Wetland, Quaking Aspen Wetland, and Chinese Gardens. This
delineated floodplain, along with the adopted “natural drainage system approach” to
stormwater management, spurred to City to obtain funding to acquire properties within
the floodplain. Much of Winona Wetland and the connecting properties between the
Levinski property (Quaking Aspen Wetland) and Winona Wetland were purchased using
funds from the Washington State Revolving Fund as a loan to the City’s stormwater
utility (see Figure 1).
Also in 1995, JLT adopted the QWCP as its first proactive land protection project. This
was a major policy shift for JLT. Traditionally, the land trust did not solicit conservation
easements or protection plans nor did they try to form geographically or biologically
cohesive ownership and protection patterns. In adopting the project, the JLT Board of
Directors sought to preserve the QWC through the acquisition of property and
conservation easements, partnerships with other government agencies, and educational
and outreach programs. In 1999, the JLT launched a major capital campaign for
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
6
acquisition of properties within the corridor. Over the years, more than $500,000 was
raised, which includes more than $80,000 of county Conservation Futures Funding. The
majority of this money has gone to purchase properties within the corridor (see Figure 2),
with a portion contributed to JLT’s stewardship fund for long-term protection.
Even with the amount of money raised, JLT knew that not enough money was available
to purchase all the land or conservation easements desired. Therefore, the following
priority tiering system was developed to strategically identify properties for acquisition or
easements:
Tier 1: top priority properties, with the highest habitat values and connectivity
Tier 2: properties with good habitat values, to be pursued if additional money
remaining after Tier 1 acquisitions or if there were landowners willing to donate
land or easements
Tier 3: properties adjacent to the corridor, with a focus on landowner outreach
and education
While the first phase of the QWCP, that of property acquisition, continues, it was never
the goal to simply acquire all of the property within and affecting the wildlife corridor.
That is simply unattainable. JLT also faces the challenge of managing its properties and
working with surrounding property owners and government agencies to preserve the
long-term viability of the QWC.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
7
CHAPTER TWO
HABITAT ASSESSMENT
“Green space and wildlife corridors help reduce
isolation and fragmentation…and enhance the
movement of animals which promotes genetic
exchange and population stability.”
D. R. Ludwig. 1995
Natural Areas Journal
The Quimper Wildlife Corridor Project (QWCP) began in 1992 with the goal to protect a
permanent “ribbon of green”, connecting six distinct wetlands and stretching 3.5 miles
across the Quimper Peninsula, from McCurdy Point, in close proximity to Protection
Island, to Fort Worden Sate Park, following the natural drainage path to the Strait of Juan
de Fuca. Protection Island and the shoreline of the Quimper Peninsula are on the Pacific
flyway and provide habitat for numerous migratory, resident, and breeding waterfowl
species. The QWCP provides safe passage and habitat critical to perpetuation of species
diversity in an area of looming urban development. It is home for a wide variety of flora
and fauna, from the rough-skinned newt and Calypso orchid to nearly 120 bird species
and numerous small and large mammals. These include: Bald eagle, Merlin, Wood duck,
Great Blue Heron, Pileated Woodpecker, western screech owl, barred owl, cougar, elk,
black tailed deer, and bob cat. Several of the species and habitats in the corridor have
been identified by WDFW as Priority Species and Priority Habitats. The corridor allows
these species and others the safety of cover to move between significant habitat areas.
The primary goal of the project is to protect intact habitat for multiple species.
Secondary goals include protection of the largest natural drainage basin within the City,
and providing opportunities for passive recreational uses such as hiking and bird
watching. This report examines these goals in the context of the current science available
about wildlife corridors and provides an assessment of the habitat found within the
original corridor route.
Design Guidelines
When establishing green space or wildlife corridors, it is important to look at the
structure and use of the surrounding landscape and see how each natural area fits within
the region as a whole (Diamond and May, 1976). Detailed biological information about
the species and habitats of concern is highly advantageous when designing natural areas.
However, in the absence of comprehensive information, the following guidelines are
recommended (Noss and Cooperrider, 1994; Ferguson, 2001).
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
8
1) Maintain large, intact patches of native vegetation by preventing fragmentation.
Blocks of habitat close together are better than blocks far apart.
2) Maintain connections among wildlife habitats by protecting corridors for
movement.
3) Minimize edge; round patches are optimal overall, though at a local scale,
complex edges, in contrast, provide more suitable habitat for wildlife, as they
increase cover and provide escape terrain.
4) Establish priorities for species protection.
5) Protect rare landscape features.
6) Maintain ecological processes.
7) Balance recreation with wildlife needs.
General Introduction
The QWC encompasses a landscape that is biologically and culturally complex. The
biological complexity is a function of the topography, hydrology, and soils that produce a
wide range of vegetation types (wetlands, riparian, shrub, prairie, and coniferous forest).
The cultural richness is evident from thousands of years of aboriginal presence and a
recent occupation by peoples of European origin. The degree to which human activities
have shaped the landscape varies widely across the corridor, ranging from moderate
density suburban neighborhoods in the San Juan Valley to larger relatively un-
fragmented tracts of coniferous forest in Middlepoint/DNR area.
Nearly all the habitat within the corridor exhibits mild to severe disturbance by humans in
the form of timber harvesting, clearing for roads, housing, agriculture, and fire
suppression. The QWC is a mélange of natural and human processes, native and non-
native plants, public and private interests. The degree to which the project is successful
will depend on the JLT’s ability to collaborate with the various stakeholders in unifying
their management vision.
History
The former aboriginal presence is evidenced by grassland soils and the Hall Street legacy
tree, which suggests that portions of the QWC (San Juan Valley, Tibbals Plateau) were
characterized by prairie and savanna-like conditions subject to frequent low-intensity
fires. The recent presence of Euro-Americans brought abrupt changes to the land during
the past 150 years. This included land clearing for agriculture, home sites, timber, and
roads. During this early land-clearing phase there was extensive use of fire, although in
more modern times, fire suppression has been practiced.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
9
General Site Description
The QWC falls within the western hemlock zone as described by Franklin and Dyrness
(1973). They recognized that the drier portions of this zone dominated by Douglas fir
would likely be reclassified as a separate vegetation unit. A subsequent classification by
Klinka et al., (1991) characterizes this region as part of the British Columbia Coastal
Douglas Fir Zone. This scheme recognizes the under-representation of western hemlock,
which is a distinctive feature of the Olympic Peninsula’s rainshadow areas and is
precisely the conditions found in the QWC. In the classification provided here, the native
forests are divided into three basic types: dry, mesic, and wet. Although each of these
forest types typically occurs as distinct and recognizable units, intermediate forest types
are pervasive. Higher resolution mapping will be required to delineate these intermediate
forest types. One native non-forested community is recognized, consisting of a
shrub/emergent mosaic. The final habitat noted is groomed pasture, which occurs
predominantly along the southern boundary of the corridor and is interspersed among
residential neighborhoods in the eastern lowlands.
Topography is the principal factor influencing vegetation characteristics of the corridor
lands. Greater moisture (and hence higher site potential) is found in low-lying areas and
basins. In contrast, drier conditions prevail on upland sites and on ridge tops. The
drainage system that dominates the eastern portion of the corridor is best described as a
shallow U-shaped basin that trends in an east to northeast direction. The slopes on the
north side of the basin tend to be drier (because of their southward orientation) while
slopes on the south side of the basin are more protected from sunlight and prevailing
winds. Consequently, these wetter northward-oriented slopes have superior growing
conditions and tend to produce larger trees with more structurally complex canopies (e.g.,
Winona Wetland buffer area).
The drainage system is characterized as a series of small, partially impounded, low-
gradient, intermittent, minerotropic wetlands. Minerotropic wetlands are those that
contain no marine-derived salts and are fed by water that has been in contact with mineral
soil (Damman, 1986; Kunze, 1994). Sphagnum moss and its associated plant species are
absent.
Soil characteristics are also an important feature influencing vegetation structure and
composition of the QWC. Wherever water can be impounded for extended periods,
hydric soils and vegetation favoring wet conditions develop. Nearly all of the soils in the
corridor are underlain by a compact till basement, which is nearly impervious to water
(Clallam Series). This basement is overlain by deposits of well-drained outwash that vary
widely in thickness (Hoypus Series). The soils are saturated in winter with a high water
table, while during the dry summer months most soils experience a moisture deficit.
The past disturbance history (predominantly fire and human harvest) also strongly affect
vegetation structure and composition. In general, Douglas fir competes well after major
disturbance, but in many sites is gradually replaced by more shade-tolerant species such
as cedar, grand fir, and hemlock on the mesic to wet sites.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
10
Vegetation Inventory
The habitat assessment began with an inventory of vegetation associations. Seven site
visits were made to the corridor lands between the October 24, 2003 and December 7,
2003 totaling 18.5 hours of field observations. Field surveys were conducted by entering
the area on foot and making notes of the plant and animal communities. An aerial
reconnaissance flight was conducted on January 19, 2004 to obtain photographs and
video to assist with the vegetation mapping. Plants names follow Hitchcock and
Cronquest (1974).
Principal Native Habitat Types
Five principal native habitat types were identified throughout the corridor. One additional
non-native habitat type was also identified. These habitat types are described below and
their approximate boundaries are shown in Figure 2.
Dry Forests
This relatively simple plant association is dominated by Douglas fir and salal. This
community is found on dry, nutrient- poor sites with flat to southward-oriented slopes
(i.e., Tibbals Plateau). Madrona and ocean spray are present along edges and in forest
gaps.
Mesic Forests
This is the most widespread of the forest associations and is characterized by sites of
intermediate soil moisture such as north slopes and low-lying areas without standing
water (Winona-Levinski Connector, 50th Street Connector, Winona Wetland area,
DNR/Middlepoint Area). The principal conifer species are Western red cedar, grand
fir, and Douglas fir. The common broadleaf trees include red alder, Scouler’s willow,
and bitter cherry. The most prevalent shrubs are salmonberry and red elderberry.
Wet Forest
This localized association is characterized by hydric soils and standing water for all
or part of the year. It follows the main drainage channel through the 50th Street
Connector and is found at the Quaking Aspen (Levinski) Wetland, around the
periphery of Winona Wetland, and locally on the Tibbals Plateau. The principal trees
are Scouler’s willow, Pacific willow, red alder, red cedar, and locally trembling
aspen. Salmonberry, Nootka rose, and slough sedge occur as the principal understory
species.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
11
Shrub/Emergent Forb Wetland
Shrub and herbaceous communities are found in open wet sites. Primary species
include hardhack, Nootka rose, and canary grass (Winona Wetland, eastern 50th Street
Connector).
Kah Tai Prairie
Perhaps the most biologically significant and most degraded natural feature of the
QWC is native grasslands. That the Kah Tai Prairie once extended north to the Strait
of Juan de Fuca is evidenced by the pre-settlement grassland soils that underlie this
area (Chappel et al., 1998). Human development of the San Juan Valley, however,
has almost completely eliminated the prairie vegetation from this site, thus, it has not
been indicated on Figure 2). The open meadowland found around Chinese Gardens in
Fort Worden State Park is heavily degraded and dominated by exotic grasses.
Pasture
Open farmland occurs extensively along the southern perimeter of the QWC,
primarily beyond the city limits. The predominant plant species include non-native
bluegrasses, fescues, bromes, and other grasses.
Detailed Plant Associations
The following is a detailed description of the plant associations found along the corridor.
For narrative purposes the corridor was broken into the following habitat nodes (Figure
3):
North Beach Segment (from Chinese Gardens to Hendricks Street)
Quaking Aspen (Levinski) Wetland
Levinski-Winona Connector
Winona Wetland
Winona-Tibbals Connector
Tibbals-DNR Connector
DNR Parcel
North Beach Segment
The North Beach segment is heavily timbered and possesses considerable variation in
forest associations including 1) cedar/sword fern, 2) nearly pure stands of grand fir with a
heavily shaded poorly developed understory, and 3) Douglas fir/grand fir/cedar mix. In
the wetter portion of the corridor, deciduous species are more prevalent, including alder,
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
12
willow, cherry, wild pear, and rose. Crossing Jackman Street, the drainage corridor is
characterized by mowed field, culverts, and ditches. The vegetation is predominantly
shrubs and grasses including rose, wild pear, canary grass, common rush, and a variety of
pasture grasses. At the Chinese Gardens, bulrush and pickleweed compete favorably with
canary grass, presumably due to the elevated salinity.
Quaking Aspen (Levinski) Wetland
The most distinctive feature of the Quaking Aspen (Levinski) wetland is a stand of aspen,
which is situated in a slight depression where the drainage corridor widens. Willow is
present as a co-dominant, while the most conspicuous understory species are Nootka
rose, slough sedge, and minor amounts of hardhack. Along the southern edge of the aspen
grove is a forest composed principally of cedar and grand fir (with some standing dead
wood). On the north side of the aspen grove, drier conditions are present which favor
patches of Douglas fir and salal. The primary drainage corridor becomes less noticeable
as it traverses the remainder of the Levinski property between the aspen grove and Cook
Avenue. Moisture conditions are intermediate here, and the vegetation is typified by open
mixed stands of Douglas fir, cedar, hemlock with a well-developed shrub layer of willow,
cherry, and regenerating alder. Where the drainage corridor intercepts Cook Street, a
large patch of canary grass has become established.
Winona-Levinski Connector
This low-lying site possesses relatively moist conditions dominated by cedar, willow,
grand fir, and Douglas fir. To the north, the width of the drainage corridor appears
constrained by Sapphire Street. The southern portion of the Winona-Levinski connector
is moderately sloped and dominated by Douglas fir and salal (suggesting dry conditions
and past fire). However, there is robust regeneration of shade-tolerant cedar in the
understory, suggesting that this northward-orientated slope possess relatively mesic
conditions.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
13
Winona Wetland
This site possesses important wetland habitat despite considerable disruption by human
activities. Human perturbations include harvesting of forest buffers and the construction
of roads and a sewer line that encroach into the wetland. Along Peary Street, trenching
and diking has occurred (toward Cook Avenue), presumably contributing to the drying of
the wetland. As noted by Mitchell (1992), the construction of a dirt road along the east
side of the wetland may have facilitated flooding of the upland buffer, resulting in conifer
mortality in the mid-1980s. The wetland is also characterized by locally heavy
infestations of canary grass.
The vegetation in the central portion of the wetland is characterized by discrete patches of
cattail, hardhack, canary grass, and bentgrass. Pacific willow is present in the central
portion of the wetland, while Scouler’s willow is prevalent around the periphery. A low-
lying area extends to the northwest to Cook Avenue. This site contains some of the
largest/oldest trees noted on the corridor lands. The basin’s bottomland supports a diverse
mix of tree and shrub species including alder, cedar, grand fir, Douglas fir, bitter cherry,
elderberry, hawthorn, salmonberry, and Nootka rose. The largest trees (predominantly
grand fir and Douglas fir) are found on slightly elevated sites around the periphery of the
basin. The southern side of the basin is bounded by a relatively steep slope heading up to
the Tibbals Plateau. This slope protects the stand from winds, thus contributing to the
large size class of individual trees. Moving upslope, the presence of stumps indicates
past logging and apparently a low incidence of wildfire. No open water was noted
anywhere in the Winona Wetland area.
Winona-Tibbals Connector
This portion of the corridor is topographically and vegetationally diverse. The western
portion of the connector (Tibbals Plateau) occurs along a flat ridge top. In general, this
area supports dry Douglas fir forests. However, small-scale topographical undulations,
combined with extensive graded roadways, have produced a number of small pocket
wetlands, including the Elmira and Alwood wetlands. Consequently, the vegetation
changes abruptly from a dry fir/salal association (on raised sites) to wet forests in
depressions dominated by willow, alder, and slough sedge.
A single legacy tree was located just south of the corridor lands near the corner of 39th
and Hall Street. The age of this tree is unknown, but is estimated to be at least 200 years
and thus may predate European presence (Figure 3). Its short stature and dense, wind-
swept crown suggest open conditions formerly prevailed on this site. Fire scars on the
trunk suggest that fire formerly may have maintained this site in open park-like
conditions. To the north in the vicinity of Linden and Topaz Streets, the forest is a mix of
Douglas fir and Scouler’s willow and suggests relatively dry, hard-packed soils with
occasional standing water.
The eastern portion of the Winona-Tibbal’s Connector drops off steeply into the Winona
Wetland ravine. Conditions are more mesic, with cedar and alder becoming co-
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
14
dominants with Douglas fir and willow. In the ravine bottom land, cedar and alder
become the most conspicuous components of the canopy, with elderberry, salmonberry,
and nettle forming the understory. A portion of ravine bottom land is held in private
ownership and is being maintained in open conditions for intensive gardening. Moving
up the eastern slope of the ravine, alder and cedar are replaced by the Scouler’s
willow/Douglas. Near the top of the ravine (South Garnet Street), Douglas fir and salal
are dominant, suggesting relatively dry conditions.
Tibbals Lake
Tibbals Lake Reserve in held in common ownership through a property association
agreement. At the request of the property association and JLT, this property was not
examined.
Tibbals-DNR Connector
The environmental conditions in this part of the corridor are relatively dry, with wind
shear a major factor influencing stand characteristics. Exposure to prevailing southeast
winds is high, given the relatively flat open terrain and extensive farmland to the south.
In the Lewis/George Street area, the forests are dominated by second-growth Douglas fir
and salal. On the northern portion of this connector (View Street), the land slopes gently
to the north, producing more mesic conditions. Much of this area appears to be former
pastureland, and is currently being invaded by regenerating stands of alder, willow,
Douglas fir, and hemlock. A small swale situated along Walnut Street runs from Jacob
Miller to the Tibbals Lake property. The eastern portion of this swale contains well-
developed wetland vegetation including hardhack, Nootka rose, canary grass, and
Scouler’s willow. A few Douglas fir snags are situated immediately to the south of this
wetland.
DNR Property
This area contains dry to mesic forest types dominated by Douglas fir and grand fir.
Alder and other deciduous vegetation are being removed as part of the site’s management
plan. This parcel is not designated as a Natural Area Preserve or a Natural Resource
Conservation Area (Mike Cronin, pers. com.). Thus, the site should not be considered
protected indefinitely. The current management plan prescribes removal of one-third of
the stand’s volume every 20 years (Mike Cronin, pers. com.). The prescription practiced
on this block may be modified in the future and could include an expanded harvest,
trading, or selling for rural housing, although efforts are currently underway to enable
Jefferson County to lease this property for 50years from DNR in order to preserve its
habitat and recreational value.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
15
Wildlife Habitat Value
Once plant associations were identified and mapped, their value to wildlife was analyzed.
The four principal habitat types or vegetation associations can be further characterized as
either upland or riparian wildlife habitats. The previously described Dry Forest and Mesic
Forest are considered upland habitat, while the Wet Forest and Shrub/Emergent Forb
Wetland are considered riparian habitat. The relationships of these plant associations to
wildlife are described below.
Upland Forests and Dependent Species
Numerous studies have demonstrated that late successional or old-growth forests are
important for wildlife. Many species of birds reach their greatest abundance in stands
with greater vegetation height, structural complexity, and canopy layers (Olson et al.,
2001). Larger forest parcels provide more suitable habitat for interior species, and reduce
the microclimate nest parasites associated with edges.
This survey, in addition to previous studies (Resources Northwest, 1992), found no
evidence that any of the corridor forests support old-growth-dependent species such as
the marbled murrelet, Vaux’s swift, goshawk, or spotted owl. In addition, the projected
development over the next 50 years, suggests it is unlikely that a number of large- to
medium-sized mammals (bear, elk, cougar, bobcat, beaver) will be able to maintain
viable populations on the north Quimper Peninsula. Nonetheless, some of the forests
along the corridor were found to possess relatively high-quality habitat. These include the
deciduous component of the forests in the eastern lowlands (Winona Wetlands, Levinski
Wetland) that supports a number of riparian- or broadleaf-dependent bird species
including black-headed grosbeak, warbling vireo, and black-throated gray warbler. In
addition, the relatively tall crowns and open stand conditions found on the
DNR/Middlepoint lands provide excellent nesting habitat for the olive-sided flycatcher.
Regionally, there have been concerns that this neotropical migrant is declining due to
habitat loss on the breeding grounds. At least one WDFW priority species, the pileated
woodpecker has been identified in several areas of the QWC. Although not considered in
this study, it is likely that the QWC currently supports a diverse assemblage of small
mammals and amphibians. The Vaux’s swift may colonize the site in the future if
management activities promote snag development.
(Note: The following birds were noted during the field investigations: bald eagle,
pileated woodpecker, western screech owl, barred owl, downy woodpecker, northern
flicker, brown creeper, chestnut-backed chickadee, ruby-crowned kinglet, golden-
crowned kinglet, Hutton’s vireo, American robin, dark-eyed junco, purple finch, and
evening grosbeak. The local chapter of the Audubon Society has conducted annual bird
counts in the area of the corridor, and has documented over 120 species of birds.
Large trees, snags, and downed logs are known as “legacy structures.” These features are
ecologically important and regulate many basic forest processes including hydrology,
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
16
nutrient cycling, and habitat for fish and wildlife (Franklin and Waring, 1980). Large
trees, snags, and downed logs provide protection and habitat for birds, amphibians,
reptiles, and small mammals (Bigley, 2001). Habitat quality for species associated with
these legacy structures can be seriously diminished if management activities result in
their loss from the landscape (Hayes, 2001).
Assessment of Upland Forests in the QWC
Legacy structures are infrequent to lacking on corridor lands with the exception of the
Winona area and DNR/Middlepoint area. One of the most important factors associated
with the paucity of legacy features on corridor lands is human modification of the
landscape. Similar to lowland areas throughout Puget Sound, the Quimper Peninsula
underwent early and intensive lumbering activities. During the last 150 years, land
clearing, farming, road building, and housing have continued and have not facilitated
replacement of legacy structures. The absence of these structures is attributed to fire,
which has been shown to be a primary agent of wood degradation in drier forest types
(Rose et al., 2001). Given the corridor’s close proximity to the Kah Tai Prairie, it is likely
that aboriginal fires were relatively frequent during pre-settlement times (Norton 1979).
It is likely that forests bordering the prairie were “fire conditioned,” with open savanna-
like conditions. During the early settlement period, fire frequency and intensity likely
increased, as hot, stand-destroying fires were common in association with land clearing
(Mike Cronin, pers. com.).
Another important feature reducing the input of legacy structures to corridor lands is the
relatively poor growing conditions. These poor growing conditions are most evident on
drier Douglas fir stands, particularly in the Tibbals Plateau area.
Given that the drainage corridor is a low-energy system, flood events will lack sufficient
force to redistribute large logs along the corridor. Consequently, snags and downed logs
must be produced by trees growing in each specific locale. Sites along the corridor that
possess optimal growing conditions and large live trees should be given high priority for
protection. The opportunistic harvesting of downed logs for firewood should be strongly
discouraged.
Riparian Habitat
The habitats on the corridor lands with the greatest biological significance are those
found on wet sites. Riparian zones serve as natural corridors for migration routes,
particularly in highly fragmented landscapes (Kauffman, 1996). Riparian sites are of
biological importance given their strategic position between terrestrial and aquatic
environments. These habitats are hotspots of biodiversity by virtue of their high
productivity, deep soils, and availability of water (Kauffman, 2001). Wildlife makes
disproportionately greater use of wetland habitats in drier conifer-dominated landscapes
such as the Quimper Peninsula, which receives relatively low rainfall and has few
perennial streams. Many species of wildlife reach their greatest abundance here, while a
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
17
number of birds are restricted to the deciduous vegetation that proliferates in these sites
(McGarigal and McComb, 1993).
Assessment of Riparian Habitat within the QWC
Although the Winona drainage does not possess a free-flowing annual stream, it does
possess many of features indicative of a riparian zone. This includes a preponderance of
deciduous species and high-quality growing conditions for conifers. The relatively young
regenerating vegetation found over much of the Levinski property possesses a high
percentage of deciduous species (ocean spray, red alder, willow, wild cherry) and thus
encourages several deciduous inhabiting species to use this area including the Wilson’s
warbler and orange-crowned warbler.
Investigating and restoring the groundwater conditions to the Winona Wetland is critical.
In the recent past, the site possessed a much greater variety of riparian birds including
great blue heron, wood duck, and mallard. Recent inventories failed to locate other
typical wetland species such as common yellowthroat, marsh wren, or red-winged
blackbird. The marsh is drying, and is being invaded by more upland species such as non-
native grasses, thistle, and bedstraw. The aspen stand in the Levinski Wetland has been
compromised and reduced in size by the access road that transects the site. Restoration of
this wetland could include decommissioning of the road and converting to single-lane
recreation trail. Tilling of the compact road surface may permit aspen to reinvade.
Natural Disturbances and Human Impacts in the QWC
Once the vegetation community inventory and the wildlife habitat value assessment were
completed, an analysis of the natural disturbances and human impacts in the QWC was
undertaken. The following is a general description of impacts to wildlife habitat within an
urbanizing environment as well as specific observations of impacts within the QWC.
Habitat Fragmentation
Fragmentation can result in genetic isolation of less mobile species such as reptiles,
amphibians, and small mammals (Howard et al., 2001). Fragmentation is the result of
human activities dividing natural habitat into small areas that are isolated and
disconnected (Howard et al., 2001). This can have serious impacts for wildlife
(Dickerman, 1987). The richness and abundance of wildlife found in a fragmented
landscape depends on: 1) parcel size, 2) the amount of isolation between parcels, and 3)
the characteristics of the surrounding habitat.
1) Parcel Size: Smaller parcels provide less habitat to meet a species’ needs
(Andre, 1994). Smaller parcels also have greater amounts of edge relative to
interior habitat (Wilcove et al., 1986). Although edges are beneficial to a number
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
18
of wildlife species, they also are associated with higher densities of nest predators
(raccoons, jays, crows, cats, skunks, opossums) and nest parasites such as
cowbirds (Yahner, 1988). If these parasites and predators occur in sufficient
densities, they may create ecological traps.
2) Isolation: Habitat blocks that are close together are better than those that are
farther apart (Noss and Cooperrider, 1994). It should be a goal to maintain
connectedness between habitat parcels within corridors (Furguson, 2001).
3) Connecting Habitat: The impact of fragmentation depends on the surrounding
landscape between habitat parcels (Dorney, 1986). As the surrounding landscape
becomes increasingly developed, many species have greater difficulty moving
between habitat parcels (Bolger, 1999).
The consideration of these characteristics is the founding principal of the QWC concept:
To preserve an undeveloped wildlife corridor of native vegetation connecting important
wildlife habitat areas between Fort Worden and the Middlepoint Land Conservancy.
Observations of Impacts within the QWC
The following is an assessment of the existing impacts in or near the QWC and of the
state of “connectedness” between the habitat nodes.
Housing
Medium-density neighborhoods cover much of the San Juan Valley and portions of the
North Beach area. Low-density to rural neighborhoods characterize Fowlers Park and the
49th Street neighborhoods. It is not readily apparent where the historical boundary
between the forest and the Kah Tai Prairie was situated. Regardless, the medium-density
neighborhoods that now occur in the San Juan Valley/North Beach area appear to have
lost most of their former ecological function. Natural prairie vegetation has been almost
entirely eliminated and much of the native forest cover has been removed. The most
conspicuous natural features remaining in medium-density neighborhoods are shrub
communities and young conifers.
Landscape Aesthetics
The landscape in the connecting lands is heavily platted (with relatively small,
rectangular parcels) and contains numerous vehicular right-of-ways. As development and
land clearing continues in the surrounding lands, it will increase the regular or geometric
character of the landscape. Given the surrounding land use patterns (agriculture, hobby
farms, home sites, and roads), edges will often be abrupt. It was noted above in the design
guidelines that it is best to maintain habitat patches where the overall shape is round. At
a local scale however, complex edges, in contrast, provide more suitable habitat for
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
19
wildlife, as they increase cover and provide escape terrain (Edge, 2001). Consequently,
parcels acquired in Tier 2 or Tier 3 lands (including those not spatially linked to Tier 1
lands) will have considerable aesthetic value. Encouraging adjacent landowners to retain
fencerows and shelter belts and to maintain portions of their pastures in an unimproved
state will further “soften” the landscape and enhance value to wildlife.
Flooding
Periodic flooding is a natural process that contributes to the ecological functioning of
riparian communities (Olson et al., 2001). The maintenance of avian diversity in wetland
environment ultimately depends on maintenance of natural hydrological and disturbance
regimes (Kauffman et al., 2001). Flooding results in the deposition of sediments and
organic matter, increasing soil fertility (Boon et al., 2001). Flooding or periods of
elevated water levels can result in tree mortality, producing snags (e.g., Peary Street in
the Winona Wetland area). Flooding is a particularly important natural disturbance agent
in low-energy systems like the Winona drainage corridor where flowing water is
generally absent. In low-energy systems, disturbance in the form of bank cutting and tree
toppling is also lacking. Although fire was historically a major disturbance agent in the
corridor lands (Mike Cronin, pers. com.), it obviously is not practical under current
conditions. Consequently, less catastrophic forms of disturbance (i.e., small-scale
flooding) will likely remain the principal natural disturbance agent.
Non-Native Wildlife
Non-native wildlife can exert a variety of negative impacts. Starlings compete for food
resources, transmit disease, and usurp nest sites from many native cavity-nesting birds
including songbirds, woodpeckers, and waterfowl (Weitzel, 1988). Feral or free-ranging
cats are heavy predators of native birds and small mammals, and often found in high
densities in suburban environments (Coleman et al., 1997; Fitzgerald, 1988).
Starlings are common in the Port Townsend area. The species is known to have a
disproportionately greater impact on native birds when cavities are limited (Bursh, 1983).
The degree of cat predation on corridor lands is not known, but is presumed to be high
given the close proximity to human habitation.
Given that starlings make extensive use of human structures for nesting, starling
awareness campaigns in neighborhoods surrounding the corridor are advised. By
encouraging landowners to exclude starlings from buildings and trees, the local
population can decline (Johnson and Glahn, 1994). Starlings will disperse from high-
density roosts to forage over large areas (Glahn et al., 1991). Consequently, deterring the
species from roosts on structures in the downtown area of Port Townsend may reduce
starling density on corridor lands. Encouraging the use of “dissuader design” nest-boxes,
and delaying the erection of songbird nest boxes until later in the breeding season further
limits opportunities for starlings (Lamsden, 1986). Coyotes and other native carnivores
may help reduce the abundance of feral cats and other small mammals that prey on
songbirds, thus helping to maintain a natural ecosystem balance (Quinn, 1997)
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
20
Roads
Roads can impact wildlife by causing habitat fragmentation, altering drainage patterns,
facilitating the spread of non-native species, and causing direct mortality from vehicle
collisions (Forman, 1995). Roads can cut across long-established animal migration paths
(Rost and Bailey, 1979) and may pose barriers to movement for amphibians along
riparian zones.
The corridor lands are heavily impacted by roads. As development of the corridor and
surrounding lands continues, traffic will increase and smaller secondary roads will be up-
graded. The rough-skinned newt is known to cross roads regularly and is subject to
considerable vehicle-induced mortality (D Kelso, pers. com.).
As information is accumulated on the vertebrate biota of the corridor, management
prescriptions for individual road crossings can be implemented (i.e., speed reduction
features, reducing posted speed limits, modifying culverts, driver education).
Long-Term Monitoring
While it is beyond the scope of this document to develop a monitoring program, the
following discussion offers recommendations for monitoring.
Amphibians
Amphibians are good indicators of ecosystem health as they are especially sensitive to
pollution, water diversions, habitat loss, and increases in water discharge associated with
impervious surfaces (Booth and Reinelt, 1993; Howard et al., 2001). Because amphibians
have limited mobility and dispersal capabilities, continuous riparian zones are important
pathways for colonization of suitable habitat (Kauffman et al., 2001).
The rough-skinned newt is an ideal species for monitoring in the QWC as it 1) is locally
abundant, 2) benefits from very small wetlands, 3) is easily censused, and 4) is currently
the focus of an informal monitoring and management program (D. Kelso, pers. com.).
Perhaps most importantly, the newt’s life history patterns (i.e., moderate dispersal
distance, well-established travel corridors, reliance on ponds and riparian zones) suggest
that it is benefiting from the QWC conservation efforts.
Birds
A major factor impacting bird communities is the alteration or loss of native vegetation,
particularly riparian and understory deciduous vegetation. In particular, the loss of
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
21
structural complexity, such as snags and foliage height diversity, is critical (Van Druff et
al., 1994; Lancaster and Rees 1979).
The following are recommended indicator species to consider for long-term monitoring:
Neotropical migrants: Olive-sided flycatcher
Mature/old-growth: Townsend’s warbler, pileated woodpecker
Riparian obligates: warbling vireo, yellow warbler
Deciduous understory: Swanson’s thrush, Wilson’s warbler
Raptors: Coopers hawk, Red-tailed hawk, small owls, eagle roost trees
Mammals
In highly fragmented areas, small mammals with limited dispersal capabilities are
particularly susceptible to local extinctions (Soule et al., 1991). Elevated levels of
suburban predators (cats, dogs) also negatively effect populations (Beck 1974, Fitzgerald
1988). Small mammals are an important food resource for birds of prey, coyotes, and
medium-sized mammals. Monitoring of small mammals will give important information
as to the availability of food for larger predators.
In general, JLT should consider continuing to capture data from periodic monitoring such
as the Audubon Christmas bird count and breeding bird surveys. JLT should also
consider establishing permanent census plots.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
22
Action Plan
Habitat Assessment
Recommendation
Implementation Action
1. Update acquisition
and protection strategy
incorporating new
habitat assessment data.
Secure/protect the remaining larger habitat blocks
including the Winona Basin (with its remnant mature
growth), the DNR property, and the Levinski Property.
Retain the basic 3-tier corridor concept, while
broadening the search to include biologically significant
habitats within 1 km.
Secure protection for the Hall Street legacy tree, Ivy
Street wetland (Frog Forest), and the 43rd Street unit.
2. Develop specific
habitat and management
goals.
Delineate management units based on habitat type
and/or location.
Designate a lead entity responsible for managing each
management unit.
3. Develop public
outreach program.
Expand enhancement program guidelines for planting
with native vegetation and erecting nest boxes.
Produce educational materials on best practices for both
landowners and small woodlot managers residing in the
greater corridor area. Include information on invasive
plant and bird species as well as effect of pet and feral
cats and dogs.
Implement docent program to involve and educate
residents.
4. Develop long-term
monitoring program.
Establish long-term monitoring programs during all
seasons and spanning multiple years, with particular
emphasis on quantifying indicator species.
Continue efforts to gain insight into the corridor’s pre-
settlement plant communities through tree ring data,
photo archives, and vegetation analysis of analogous
sites.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
23
CHAPTER THREE
LAND USE AND REGULATORY OVERVIEW
The Quimper Wildlife Corridor is composed of seven major wildlife areas connected by a
greenbelt and is located in both the City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County. Both
Jefferson County and the City of Port Townsend have adopted Comprehensive Land Use
Plans consistent with the State of Washington Growth Management Act (GMA) that
include goals relating to land use patterns and preservation of fish and wildlife habitat.
Both jurisdictions have land use and environmental regulations which govern
development within and adjacent to the corridor. At this time, the majority of land use
and environmental regulations affecting the Quimper Wildlife Corridor are “trigger”
regulations; that is, they are triggered by a land use application. The exception can be the
Non-Motorized Transportation Plan, an adopted plan of the City of Port Townsend,
consistent with the 1996 Comprehensive Plan. In certain instances, the City of Port
Townsend may choose to implement the Non-Motorized Plan for parcels and right-of
ways in City ownership.
Federal Regulations____________________________________
Clean Water Act
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act regulates the placement of fill in waters and wetlands
of the United States. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers administers the permitting
program for this law. (for more detailed information, refer to Wetlands Regulations
Guidebook, Ecology Publication #88-5.)
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that proposed dredge-and-fill activities
permitted under Section 404 be reviewed and certified by the Washington Department of
Ecology to ensure that the proposed project meets State water quality standards. The
Federal permit is deemed invalid unless it has been certified by the State.
Washington State Regulations
Water Pollution Control Act
This WPCA [Chapter 90.48 RCW] and the Shoreline Management Act give the
Washington Department of Ecology authority to regulate wetlands. The WCPA’s
definitions of “pollution” [90.48.020] and “discharges” [90.48.080] are broad and include
all of the impacts that typically degrade wet land functions, including placing fill and
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
24
discharging stormwater runoff. The Act gives the DOE wide latitude in protecting waters
of the State, and designates the DOE as lead State agency for implementing provisions of
Sections 401 and 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act.
The implementing regulations for the statute include Surface Water Quality Standards
[Chapter 173-201A WAC]: the primary regulations that cover wetlands and other waters
of the State. The Antidegredation Policy [Chapter 173-201A-070 WAC] provides the
basis for protecting wetlands. The primary mechanism for implementing the provisions
of this statute is the State Water Quality Certification issued pursuant to Sections 401 and
404 of the Federal Clean Water Act. Because most wetland impacts are regulated under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, this process is used to address the State’s concerns
with wetland impacts. For those activities that degrade wetlands and fall outside the
purview of the 404 program, the DOE may use other State water quality permitting
processes such as wastewater discharge permits, short-term water quality modifications,
and administrative orders.
State of Washington Growth Management Act
The State of Washington adopted the amended GMA in 1995 to ensure local
implementation of statewide goals regarding land use, growth and environmental
protection. Included within the State GMA are goals specifically related to preservation
of “Critical Areas” including wetlands, geologically hazardous areas, fish and wildlife
habitat areas, aquifer recharge areas, and frequently flooded areas. GMA requires that
wetlands be recognized and rated according to their relative function, value, and
uniqueness in each city and county jurisdiction. Fish and wildlife habitat areas include
areas with threatened, endangered, and sensitive species habitats and species of local
importance; naturally occurring ponds under 20 acres that provide fish and wildlife
habitat; and state natural areas and preserves. The GMA allows that cities and counties
may consider classifying and designating habitat corridors. The GMA does not, in itself,
protect these areas; rather, it requires that cities and counties adopt regulations that will
provide Critical Areas protection consistent with the Act. The Act was amended to
require that cities and counties revise their critical areas protection to include Best
Available Science (BAS) requirements.
Addition of Best Available Science Requirements
Washington counties and cities are required to review and, if needed, revise their Critical
Areas policies and development regulations within certain specified timeframes. In doing
so, jurisdictions must abide by provisions that the state legislature added to the GMA in
2001 requiring local governments to:
Incorporate BAS when developing policies and regulations to protect the
functions and values of Critical Areas.
Give special consideration to conservation or protection measures to preserve or
enhance anadromous fisheries. (Anadromous fish include salmon, steelhead, and
sea-run cutthroat trout that hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, and then
return as adults to spawn in fresh water.)
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
25
These requirements increase the responsibilities that local governments have with regard
to protecting Critical Areas. The deadline for counties and cities to incorporate the
changes was December 1, 2004, though jurisdictions could petition to have the deadline
extended.
The state adopted a rule to guide jurisdictions in identifying and including BAS. This rule
provides local governments with a procedure for acquiring and evaluating scientific
information to determine whether it constitutes BAS. The rule also provides guidance to
help local governments demonstrate that they have included BAS in developing their
Critical Areas policies and that they have given special consideration to anadromous
fisheries.
While the rule states that information from non-scientific sources may be valuable to
consider, non-scientific information may be used to supplement—but not replace—valid
scientific information. In addition, the rule includes specific requirements for local
governments to follow in documenting that they have obtained and considered BAS.
Finally, if a city or county departs from science-based recommendations, it must explain
its rationale for doing so and identify how it will limit potential risks to the Critical Areas
at issue.
The Washington State Office of Community Development has published a handbook:
Citations of Recommended Sources of Best Available Science For Designating and
Protecting Critical Areas, March 2002 that guides local jurisdictions in implementing the
BAS requirements to update Critical Areas protections. Specific guidelines relating to
wildlife habitat protection include identification of wildlife species needs for adequate
environmental conditions to support reproduction, cover, foraging, resting, and dispersal
of animals at a variety of scales across the landscape. Fragmentation and habitat corridors
are specifically addressed. BAS provisions of the GMA do not apply until local
jurisdictions take action to amend their Comprehensive Plans and implement ordinances.
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) establishes and maintains the
State Habitats and Species Lists and Management Recommendations, issues Hydraulic
Project Applications (HPA) permits, and provides technical assistance and Geographic
Information System (GIS) information for land use planning purposes through a variety
of programs.
The State Habitats and Species Lists and Management Recommendations fulfills one of
WDFW’s most fundamental responsibilities—to provide comprehensive information on
important fish, wildlife, and habitat resources in Washington. Initiated in 1989, the PHS
(Protected Habitats and Species) Program was identified as the agency's highest priority.
Today, the PHS Program serves as the backbone of WDFW's proactive approach to the
conservation of fish and wildlife. There are 18 habitat types, 140 vertebrate species, 28
invertebrate species, and 14 species groups currently on the PHS List. These constitute
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
26
about 16 percent of Washington's approximately 1,000 vertebrate species and a fraction
of the state's invertebrate fauna. In addition, the agency maintains the Species of Concern
(SOC) List. This list includes those species that are listed as Endangered, Threatened, or
Sensitive or as Candidates for these designations. Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive
species are legally established in Washington Administrative Codes. Candidate species
are established by WDFW policy. There are currently 29 Endangered, 16 Threatened, 10
Sensitive, and 103 Candidate species on the SOC List.
The PHS List is the principal means by which WDFW provides important fish, wildlife,
and habitat information to local governments, state and federal agencies, private
landowners and consultants, and tribal biologists for land use planning purposes. PHS is
the agency's primary means of transferring fish and wildlife information from State
resource experts to those who can protect habitat. The PHS Program identifies which
species and habitat types are priorities for management and conservation, where these
habitats and species are located, and what should be done to protect resources when land
use decisions are made.
Specifically, the PHS List identifies habitats and species determined to be priorities based
on defensible criteria; maps the known locations of priority habitats and species using
GIS technology; provides information on the conditions required to maintain healthy
populations of priority species and viable, functioning priority habitats using BAS;
provides consultation and guidance on land use issues affecting priority habitats and
species; and distributes this information and makes it easily accessible
Habitats identified include both rural and urban natural open space areas, snags and
downed logs, freshwater wetlands, and aspen stands.
The State Habitat and Species List needs to be adopted by local jurisdictions and
integrated into local land use and environmental regulations in order to ensure that it is a
controlling regulation for the purposes of land use review. In addition, WDFW uses the
Habitat and Species List and Management Recommendations to review HPA and Forest
Practice Act (FPA) Applications. FPA applications are reviewed by the DNR and local
jurisdictions whenever a landowner proposes to cut or thin a significant amount of
standing timber. WDFW specifically uses the Habitat and Management recommendations
to respond to FPA applications through the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA)
review process administered by the local jurisdiction or the DNR and to comment
specifically on potential impacts to wildlife and habitat relating to the clearing of large
amount of trees. WDFW comments are recommendations only; the local jurisdiction
and/or DNR need to act on these recommendations. In addition, WDFW is a SEPA
review agency, and will be contacted for review and advice whenever a land use proposal
requires SEPA review at the local level. WDFW provides a significant source of
expertise and grant funding for landowners through a variety of programs that support
habitat restoration and acquisition.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
27
HPAs are required for work near, over, or in the waters of the state of Washington, which
may include larger wetland complexes such as the Quaking Aspen (Levinski) or Winona
wetlands.
Washington State Open Space Act
The Washington State Open Space Act (RCW 84.34.020) defines open space as any land
area, the preservation of which, in its present use, would:
Conserve or enhance natural, cultural or scenic resources.
Protect streams, stream corridors, wetlands, natural shorelines, and aquifers.
Protect soil resources and unique or critical wildlife and native plant habitat.
Promote conservation principles by example or by offering educational
opportunities.
Enhance the value of parks, forests, wildlife preserves, nature reservations, and
other open spaces.
Enhance recreational opportunities.
Preserve historic and/or archaeological sites.
The tax benefits provided under this Act could provide incentives to landowners to
protect open space and attendant habitat values.
Local Jurisdictions
Jefferson County Land Use Regulations
In 1998, Jefferson County adopted a Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Map consistent
with Washington’s GMA regulations. The City of Port Townsend is one of only two
designated Urban Growth Areas (UGA) on the Quimper Peninsula, and all lands included
in the Quimper Wildlife Corridor outside of the City of Port Townsend boundaries have
been zoned for Rural Residential (RR1) development. QWC lands located in the county
are subject to the County codes and plans discussed in the following sections.
Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan
The Comprehensive Plan was adopted by the Board of County Commissioners in 1998
following five years of community participation and review. Included in the
Comprehensive Plan was a Community Vision Statement intended to create a foundation
for land use decisions and provide for internal consistency within the document. The
Community Vision Statement includes the following statement: “…Protect and conserve
the environment, ecologically sensitive areas, and preclude development and land uses
which are incompatible with critical areas” (Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
28
(JCCP), 1998, Appendix C). Further goals, policies and text relating to the importance of
preserving wildlife habitat are included in Comprehensive Plan.
The Land Use chapter designates land uses for the unincorporated lands lying outside the
two UGAs. The chapter includes a land supply inventory and needs allocation that
recognizes that there is a 20-year demand for 500 residential lots, that 1,735 currently
exist, creating a 1,235 lot oversupply. All land areas located on the Quimper Peninsula
within the area of the QWC are designated as rural lands, with a proposed zoning
designation of 1 housing unit per 5 acres of land. The Land Use chapter recognizes
existing lots of record which may not be consistent with this designation as being
“grandfathered,” but adopts policies that may address the need to preserve larger parcels.
No existing areas of rural commercial development are identified within the QWC
planning area.
Open Space Strategy
The County adopted an Open Space Strategy that proposed planning goals and policies
designed to:
Protect and preserve the natural environment including air, water, soil, vegetation,
and wildlife habitat, as well as other significant ecosystem elements.
Integrate adequate open space into rural development projects in order to provide
amenities and help foster community identity.
Protect and manage natural resources for long-term productive use, including
buffering natural resource lands from adjacent non-resource-related land uses.
Create a county-wide system of interconnected open spaces, including forests,
farmland, parks, trails, waterways, meadows and tree stands, critical areas, and
natural resource lands both in public and private ownership.
In order to promote consistency and provide certainty in the application of the planning
goals and policies, the first step in this strategy is to define open space as it pertains to
Jefferson County. Open space is a broad term used to describe different types of lands
that have important values and provide benefits to the public. Generally, open space lands
include natural and environmentally critical areas such as wetlands; aquifer recharge
areas; lakes and streams; designated parks and trails; and natural resource lands, such as
agricultural and forest lands. Based upon the characteristics of the land and its uses, a
variety of open space lands are recognized in Jefferson County.
Jefferson County Unified Development Code
Jefferson County adopted its Unified Development Code in 2003. This code sets
development standards and outlines allowable land uses. This code also identifies
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) and establishes regulation for land uses within
their boundaries. ESAs identified include critical aquifer recharge areas, frequently
flooded areas, geologically hazardous areas, fish and wildlife habitat areas and wetlands.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
29
City of Port Townsend
City of Port Townsend Comprehensive Plan (PTCP)
The Port Townsend Comprehensive Plan was adopted in 1996 in compliance with the
GMA. Of the multitude of goals and policies contained within this document, many
directly or indirectly affect the QWC.
Natural Drainage System Approach. This approach to stormwater management
was adopted in the PTCP (Policy 5.4 of the Land Use Element). It calls for
preservation of natural drainage systems to convey and treat stormwater runoff.
This innovative approach has won much praise throughout Washington and led to
the identification of many of the natural features located in the QWC such as the
100-year floodplain and many of the wetlands.
Land Use R1 Zoning. The PTCP designates a vast majority of the land area of
the QWC found with the city limits as R1 residential (or ~ 4 units per acre). This
is less dense than the standard residential density of 8 units per acre found
throughout most of the rest of the city. The decision to lower the density in this
area was based on a basin area study funded by the Washington Department of
Ecology that identified and delineated the 100-year floodplain. This study found
that if development occurred at the standard 8 units per acre, the 100-year
floodplain would no longer have the capacity to convey the 100-year flood.
Designation of ESAs. Identified ESAs include critical aquifer recharge areas,
frequently flooded areas, geologically hazardous areas, fish and wildlife habitat
areas, and wetlands. ESAs and their regulatory process are codified in Title 19.05
of the Port Townsend Municipal Code (PTMC). The City’s Critical Areas
Ordinance of this code was updated in 2006 (Ordinance 2929 adopted September
15, 2006).
Designation of Potential Open Space. The PTCP and its land use map identify
areas to potentially be protected as open space, including most of the ESA’s found
within the QWC. The PTCP specifically mentions the QWC as part of its open
space planning (Policy 3.6.2, Land Use Element).
Transportation and Non-Motorized Transportation Planning. The PTCP
addresses both motorized and non-motorized transportation. The goals and
policies affect development of roads, trails, and protection of rights-of-way.
Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan
This plan addresses the need to protect open space as well as the connection between
open space and trail and non-motorized transportation development. The plan devotes a
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
30
relatively long section to the QWC and identifies cooperation between local and state
agencies and private landowners as a determining factor on the ultimate path of the
corridor.
Port Townsend Non-Motorized Transportation Plan (NMTP)
The NMTP seeks to develop a network of non-motorized transportation trails throughout
the city and especially in the relatively undeveloped northwest quadrant.
“The Non-Motorized Transportation Plan seeks to harmonize its
objectives with the goals of the Quimper Wildlife Corridor Project.
Facilities will be planned to be compatible and of low impact and
some areas of the corridor will be avoided entirely. This plan
attempts to minimize the number of paths crossing the corridor.”
(p.8)
Analysis of the NMTP and its potential impacts on the QWC is provided in Chapter Six
of this management plan.
Stormwater Management
The City adopted the Department of Ecology’s most recent Stormwater Management
Manual as part of its engineering design standards, thus, the City is in compliance with
statewide stormwater regulations. The 1999 Draft Stormwater Management Plan has yet
to be adopted. This draft plan contains strategies for regional stormwater management
systems that use the “natural drainage system approach” and calls for preservation of
natural hydrologic regimes. The plan also calls for continued funding of the land
acquisition within the 100-year floodplain found within the QWC as part of its capital
improvements plan.
The Planning Relationship
As one can tell from this very brief summary of relevant regulations, planning at the local
level has become a very complicated business. The relationship between local planning
and management of the QWC can, and should, be a two-way relationship. On one hand,
regulations equip JLT with tools for shaping and controlling growth and other factors
influencing the QWC. On the other hand, JLT can suggest or request revised or new
regulations, codes, and policies that contribute to the goal of managing the QWC.
Undoubtedly, the most successful relationship between JLT and especially the two local
governments (City of Port Townsend and Jefferson County) will be that of partnership.
However, this partnership relationship will be most effective if it extends beyond the
incidental. This plan recommends that both jurisdictions designate a key staff person to
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
31
act as a point of contact for JLT and the QWCP. This person can receive an in-depth
training as to the goals of the QWC and can help keep JLT informed as to how new rules
and policies may affect the project. They can also help other staff members to consider
the QWC while reviewing development proposals. The partnership can also work on
joint efforts for such things as funding and restoration efforts.
Action Plan
Land Use and Regulatory
Overview
Recommendation
Implementation Action
1. Develop an “active partnership”
with the City of Port Townsend and
Jefferson County.
Request that a staff person be designated
as a point of contact to better facilitate
communication.
Conduct a two-way training seminar
between agency staff and JLT staff.
Work with City staff to facilitate
acquisitions/mitigation along the QWC as
a viable off-site mitigation site in
situations where on-site mitigation is
determined to be infeasible or of minimal
value.
2. Develop compatibility between
trail placement and design and the
QWC.
Ensure 2008 supplement to the Non-
Motorized Transportation Plan addresses
potential conflicts, as is currently
proposed.
Work with Non-Motorized
Transportation Advisory Board to ensure
any new trails are compatible.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
32
CHAPTER FOUR
LAND PROTECTION STRATEGY
The QWC will ultimately consist of a patchwork of property owned by JLT, the City of
Port Townsend, other public agencies such as Jefferson County, Washington DNR, and
private individuals. It has not been the goal of the QWCP to acquire all the land within
and affecting the wildlife corridor. Rather, it is the goal of JLT to create a common vision
of long-term management of properties to insure the viability of the wildlife habitat.
Current Ownership
First, the current ownership of the significant habitat nodes was examined in the context
of long-term protection of the property from a natural resources management perspective
(Figure 1). The originally identified seven major habitat nodes were analyzed first.
These properties have been considered the nodes of the wildlife corridor.
Originally Identified Significant Habitat Nodes
Areas 1 and 2 – Fort Worden State Park and Chinese Gardens. Management of
these properties falls under the purview of the Washington State Parks and Recreation
Commission. Consequently, long-term management of these areas falls outside the scope
of this document, though there may be opportunities to work with WSP as they develop
their Park Plan.
Area 3 –Quaking Aspen/Levinski Wetland. This property is commonly referred to as
the Levinski property and is owned by the City of Port Townsend (Tax Parcels 52-60).
The property was purchased with wastewater funds as a possible site for meeting future
wastewater treatment needs. The Seaview sewer crosses the site impacting the Quaking
Aspen itself, as well as leaving vulnerable the access road as a disturbed area prone to
invasive plant species. In recent years, several non-motorized trails have been developed
on the property. It is currently zoned as public/open space-mixed use (POS-B), and
consideration should be given to changing this to POS as this designation would be more
consistent with the goals of this Plan. The actual wetland and drainage corridor comprise
only a small portion of the property. However, as discussed in the habitat assessment
section of this plan, the site also contains other significant habitat. A 14.5 – acre portion
of the Levinski property is permanently protected through a conservation easement, (Tax
Parcel 60) and the remaining property cannot be considered protected with regards to the
QWC. With adoption of this plan, the City intends to increase the area of permanently
protected land to include Tax Parcel 58 (approximately 6.84 acres).
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
33
Area 4 – Winona Wetland. This large wetland consists of dozens of 50- x 100-foot lots.
The City of Port Townsend has purchased most of the area including the buffer using a
Washington State Revolving Fund loan as part of its “natural drainage system approach”
to stormwater management. Deed restrictions have not been placed on these properties,
but requirements of the grant funding used for their purchase limit their use. The City’s
adoption of this Plan will clarify its policy regarding use of these properties (i.e., that the
parcels remain in their current or restored condition). Again, the City may consider a
rezone of the Winona parcels in order for the long-term land-use to be consistent with
QWC goals.
Area 5 – Tibbals Lake Reserve. Tibbals Lake is an open-water wetland located just
outside of Port Townsend city limits. The wetland is on a 43-acre privately owned
reserve that was established to protect the wetland, while allowing for a limited number
of development/house sites on the perimeter of the property. The majority of the property
is held in common by the owners of these properties and is managed through a property
owners association. Building, development, and vegetation removal are managed by
restrictive covenants. While JLT does not hold a conservation easement on the property,
it has worked with the property owners association to steward the property. If a
commitment can be continued by both JLT and the Tibbals Reserve property association
to work in partnership, this property could be considered protected with regards to the
QWC.
Area 6 – DNR School Trust Lands Property. This parcel is not designated as a Natural
Area Preserve or a Natural Resource Conservation Area (Mike Cronin, pers. com.). Thus
the site should not be considered protected indefinitely. The current management plan
prescribes removal of one-third of the stand’s volume every 20 years (Mike Cronin, pers.
com.). The prescription practiced on this block may be modified in the future and could
include an expanded harvest, trading or selling for rural housing. DNR is considering a
50 year lease of this parcel to Jefferson County as part of its Trust Land Transfer
Program, which could provide some protection measures to this significant habitat area.
Area 7 – Middlepoint Land Conservancy. JLT holds a conservation easement on this
private development. Monitoring of the observance of the terms of this easement is
conducted annually by the JLT stewardship committee. This property can be considered
protected with regards to the QWC.
Connectors and other Significant Habitat
The habitat assessment completed in this plan as well as refinement of the acquisition
goals by JLT staff have revealed areas of significant wildlife habitat that were not
originally identified (see Figure 3). The current ownership of these significant habitat
areas was examined in the context of long-term protection of the property from a natural
resources management perspective.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
34
50th Street Connector. Four blocks along this stretch have been purchased by
the City (Blocks 8-11 of the Montana Addition). Through adoption of this plan,
the City indicates its intent to permanently retain these areas in their natural or
restored condition. A portion of this connector remains in private ownership.
Future development of these parcels would be subject to the City’s CAO, though
this does not prohibit all development. Consequently, this connector can be
viewed as partially protected.
49th Street Wetlands. These wetlands are bisected by 49th/Cook Avenue and are
also impacted by the sewer access road. JLT owns the property on the northeast
corner of this property, and the City owns the property on the southwest corner
(Tax Parcel 58). Through adoption of this plan, the City indicates its intent to
permanently retain Tax Parcel 58 in its natural or restored condition (See
Applicability in Chapter 1).
Levinski-Winona Connector. The City has purchased land within this connector.
The majority is, however still held in private ownership. This portion of the
corridor cannot be considered protected with regards to the QWC. Through
adoption of this plan, the City indicates its intent to permanently retain city-
owned lands in this area in their natural or restored condition (excepting portions
of the Levinski property, see Applicability in Chapter 1).
TeePee Wetland. This wetland lies within the 100-year floodplain to the south of
Winona. JLT has purchased the majority of the wetland, and those lots held by
JLT may be considered protected. A small portion of the wetland remains in
private ownership and thus cannot be considered protected.
Ivy Street Wetland. The wetland forest has old-growth characteristics rarely
seem in east Jefferson County, and is a haven for songbirds and amphibians. The
area appears to be connected hydrologically to Elmira Wetland, and is adjacent to
significant JLT holdings.
Winona-Tibbals Connector. This area is where JLT has focused much of its
acquisition efforts and much of the area is now owned by JLT. Property owned
by JLT can be considered protected. JLT is currently seeking funding to add to its
holdings in this area.
Tibbals – DNR Connector. JLT has purchased a small amount of property in
this area, which can be considered protected. Other privately owned parcels
cannot be considered protected at this time.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
35
Acquisition Strategy Update
Ownership of property by JLT, the City of Port Townsend, and Washington DNR offers
varying degrees of protection with regard to the QWC. The following are
recommendations to further clarify the long-term protection of these habitat lands.
In adopting this plan, the City clarifies its intent to retain all of the property
purchased with stormwater funds located within the QWC in their natural or
restored state (excepting portions of the Levinski property and the Kuhn Street
Wastewater Treatment Plant, See Chapter 1, Applicability). It is recommended
that the City consider transferring conservation easements on these properties so
that these policies can be enforced in perpetuity. Discuss areas within the City of
possible rezoning to P/OS.
Transfer conservation easements to an eligible agency (likely the City of Port
Townsend) for JLT properties. This “double layer” of protection will insure the
long-term preservation of the habitat.
Continue working to secure the long-term protection of the DNR parcel. This 80-
acre parcel is a very large, vulnerable piece of the corridor that cannot currently
be considered protected.
Some property remains to be acquired to “fill in the gaps” of the corridor. Some of the
parcels have been identified as significant habitat areas, but are not currently protected by
either ownership or regulation by either City or County ESA or Critical Areas ordinances.
As discussed previously, these regulations offer only limited protection. Figure 1 depicts
the acquisition priorities (Tiers 1 and 2). Alternative protection measures that might be
employed are discussed below.
Alternative Protection Strategies
Portions of the QWC are already developed to a relatively high density. This is
especially true in the eastern end nearing Fort Worden. Much of the habitat value has
been lost and some homes have been located in the 100-year floodplain. The following
are alternatives to acquisition:
Owner Outreach - Backyard Wildlife Sanctuaries. This type of educational, outreach
program seeks landowners to voluntarily improve their property as habitat. Practices
generally involve planting native vegetation and employing organic gardening methods.
They may also encourage small water features or other ways to encourage wildlife.
These programs typically provide education by way of brochures, resource lists, and
workshops. The program may also help provide native vegetation at reduced or no cost.
This type of program seems ideally suited as an outreach program for JLT. Partnerships
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
36
could also be formed with Jefferson Conservation District to obtain native plant starts and
technical expertise. Properties that would benefit from this type of an outreach program
are shown as Tier 3 in Figure 1.
Right-of-Way Vacations. Many of the existing platted rights-of-way within the corridor
are semi-developed, usually without a permit or other permission from governmental
agencies. Some are vestiges of logging roads, others are impacts from off-road vehicular
traffic. As JLT and the City secure more properties, rights-of-way that are bounded on
both sides by protected properties can be considered for street vacation (Figure 1). This
process would reduce future threats of development. It is important to note that the right-
of-way vacation process is fundamentally different within the city limits and outside the
limits (Jefferson County jurisdiction). Those rights-of-way shown platted in Jefferson
County have been statutorily abandoned and require a quiet title process to vacate them.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
37
Action Plan
Land Protection
Strategy
Recommendation
Implementation Action
1. Coordinate with City of
Port Townsend staff on the
use of city-owned property
within the QWC.
Form a study group with JLT and City of Port
Townsend staff.
Ensure that the adopted natural drainage system
approach is incorporated into the Stormwater Master
Plan.
Request that the City designate a staff member to be a
point of contact for issues involving the QWC to
better facilitate communication.
Discuss possible rezoning of some protected parcels
owned by the City or JLT.
2. Transfer conservation
easements to an eligible
agency (likely the City of
Port Townsend) for JLT
properties.
Investigate ownership alternatives with the above
recommended study group.
Investigate mechanisms for placing conservation
easements or transferring development rights.
3. Secure the long-term
protection of the DNR
School Lands parcel.
Form a study group with Jefferson County staff to
investigate how this parcel fits within the County’s
open space goals.
Work with Jefferson County staff to accept 50-year
lease to Jefferson County under DNR’s Trust Land
Transfer program.
4. Update Acquisition
Strategy.
Use the map provided in this plan to determine a new
cost estimate for remaining acquisitions.
Develop a funding strategy to complete acquisitions.
5. Pursue street vacations. Identify rights-of-way eligible for vacation.
Begin vacation applications with City of Port
Townsend.
Begin quiet title process for those rights-of-way in
Jefferson County jurisdiction as appropriate.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
38
CHAPTER FIVE
INVASIVE PLANT SURVEY AND STEWARDSHIP
Invasive plants threaten native plant and animal communities in the wildlife corridor.
Because they evolved in a different locale, there are few ecological mechanisms—such as
animal browsing or fire—to keep non-native plants in check. They are often “pioneer
species” well adapted to disturbed environments, and they have rapidly and tenaciously
stabilized the soil disturbances along roads, trails, and the sewer access right-of-way.
Their rapid spread prevents native plant species from obtaining the water, sunlight, space,
and nutrients they need. Since native insects, birds, and mammals have evolved to depend
on native plant food sources, invasive plants directly diminish wildlife populations. Once
established, invasive plant species can be extremely difficult and expensive to control.
In winter 2003-2004, a field study was conducted to verify the extent, location, and types
of non-native plant invasions present within select areas of the QWC. This report is a
synopsis of the field study, and offers recommendations for stewardship.
Given the grid work of platted and constructed roads and trails (abandoned roads) that
intersect that corridor throughout its length, the QWC has surprisingly few areas of
severe non-native plant invasions; many of the gaps along old roads are sufficiently
covered over by native plants. That said, there are several severe problem areas. The
worst invasions occur along the biggest land scars: large roads such as 49th Street, and the
path of the sewer line such as in Winona Wetland.
The corridor has benefited from past efforts to remove invasive species, most notably in
Elmira Wetland, where multiple road intersections through the wetland would have
caused much more invasion if not for stewardship interventions.
Methods
Field studies were conducted on December 31, 2003 and January 1-2, 2004 in clear
winter conditions, when plants were easy to see and identify, due to the lack of deciduous
leaf growth. In each of seven areas, site location was confirmed on both a plat map and
with Global Positioning System (GPS) readings, and all non-native plants were noted
along 100-foot transects in several directions. For all transects, compass direction was
taken using magnetic north. In some cases, additional field observations were made en
route to study sites. Conditions were clear and sunny, and the corridor was surveyed from
northeast to southwest.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
39
Locations listed here cite street names that were used on the original plat map, but many
exist on the ground only as trails, as many roads have not (yet) been constructed, or were
roughed in but never completed.
Areas Surveyed
1) 50th Street Connector
2) 49th Street Wetland
3) Quaking Aspen (Levinski) Wetland
4) Levinski -Winona Connector
5) Winona Wetland
6) TeePee Wetland
7) Alwood/Elmira Wetland
Results and Recommendations
Non-native plants identified in the QWC include: reed canary grass (Phalaris
arundinacea), English holly (Ilex aquilifolium), English and other ivies (Hedera helix,
Parthenocissus sp.), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), evergreen blackberry
(Rubus lacinatus), Scot’s broom (Cytisus scoparius), and bamboo (species not identified).
Their distribution is described below.
In general, recommendations are to remove invasive species and attempt to re-establish
native populations. Specific methods are described in each appropriate section. Note that
where herbicides are recommended, they should be applied 1) only where other methods
have been tried unsuccessfully, 2) in the lowest possible effective dose and 3) and by
trained, licensed applicators.
Descriptions of the invasive plants found in the surveyed areas as well as
recommendations for removal and replanting with native species are found below.
50th Street Connector
In this area, English holly (Ilex aquifolium) seedlings and several mature (fruiting) trees
thrive in the shady understory of an otherwise native forest. Holly is insidious because
birds disperse the seeds of fruits in their droppings, and seeds can germinate in deep
shade. Although their initial growth is partially suppressed by shade, they are poised to
out-compete the native evergreen tree species (such as Western red cedar and grand fir)
when mature falling trees create light gaps. Holly, a prickly, tough-leaved evergreen
imported from England, has no native browsers.
Also, in this neighborhood, landowners have planted potentially invasive species such as
Butterfly bush (Buddleia sp.) in their yards, which have the potential to invade the
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
40
wildlife corridor. Many people plant this bush to attract butterflies, but it may prove to be
invasive in wetland and riparian (streamside) areas.
In the yards of residential homes to the north of 49th Street, ivy is growing on many of the
mature trees. This is clearly visible from the road. While technically this area is “outside”
of the corridor, it is ecologically connected to the corridor and should be treated as such.
Recommendations:
1) Remove mature holly trees and seedlings. English holly is an escaped
ornamental, which often invades upland forests and wetland areas. English holly
often grows into a tall, thick-trunked tree. Removal in winter would be best, as
plants are easier to see. Seedlings must be pulled up including roots, or they will
re-sprout. Re-sprouting is a problem with mature trees as well; a new multi-
stemmed shrub or tree will grow back immediately from a pruned stump. Cut
stumps should be judiciously painted with herbicide as soon as they are cut. The
wound will absorb the herbicide and thus kill the root of the plant.
2) Replant with natives. Wherever holly is removed, replant with red cedar (Thuja
plicata), sword fern (Polystichum munitum), Indian plum (Oemelaria
cerasiformis), and dwarf native rose (Rosa gymnocarpa).
3) Work with neighbors to spread understanding about the threat of invasive plants
to the adjacent wildlife corridor and their special relationship to the corridor.
Encourage them to be proactive about replacing non-native plants with native
species. Residents along 49th Street should be encouraged to pull ivy from their
trees. These residents may also be helpful in efforts to remove invasive plants
from the nearby 49th Street Wetland, described below.
4) Recognize and praise volunteer stewardship activities. Note that landowners
adjacent to the eastern edge of the sedge/open water wetland, Mike and Laurel
Dawson, are already removing English ivy (Hedera helix) from the Douglas fir
(Psudotsuga menzisii) trees on their property, immediately adjacent to the QWC
to the east. This stewardship should be recognized and encouraged; if they
stopped, the ivy would quickly move into the sedge wetland. Other efforts
throughout the corridor should likewise be encouraged.
49th Street Wetland
This is the most severe invasion of non-native plants in the QWC. The wetland is
located at the intersection of 49th Street and the public path/sewer line access road
heading due south, located just west of Hendricks Street. Approximately one-third acre of
wetland—including at least 12 mature trees—is entirely covered in ivy (Hedera helix, as
well as Parthenocissus sp.). In this area, native vegetation is almost entirely suppressed
on the ground. In addition, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) covers much of this
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
41
area. Also penetrating this area are small patches of Himalayan blackberry (Rubus
discolor) and Scot’s broom (Cytisus scoparius).
This area, especially the wetland and trees visible from 49th street (looking south)
presents a major stewardship challenge for the Jefferson land Trust and it partners.
Along the sewer access road, there are invasions of Scot’s broom along the east-westerly
trail along “46th Street” between “Hancock” and “Rosecrans” trails.
Recommendations:
1) Remove ivy from mature trees and ground in the area just south of 49th Street,
just west of Hendricks. Winter will be the easiest time to accomplish this.
Remove plant debris from site, as it will re-root if left in place. Large ivy stumps
(>2 inches in diameter) should be judiciously painted with a “wetland safe”
herbicide just after cutting.
2) Remove non-native blackberry. Himalayan blackberry was introduced from
Asia by way of England. It prefers disturbed, open, upland sites, but you will find
it here in some shady areas as well. Birds and animals readily spread it, as its
fruits are delicious. Best removal techniques are to prune back vines to the ground
(leave in a heap to dry out in an open area), and judiciously paint the cut stems
with a “wetland safe” herbicide.
3) Manage reed canary grass. This is the most invasive grass species in wetlands
of the Pacific Northwest. It is a rhizomatous, mat-forming perennial, which takes
over wetland habitats. It is especially fond of wet, disturbed areas. Reed canary
grass is a native of Eurasia. It was widely planted in this area between the 1930s
and 1980s for erosion control. Attempted control methods include: changing
hydraulic conditions, mowing, herbicide application, hand pulling, fire, and
others. In this area, a combination of mowing and herbicide application to
resprouting clumps in spring may be the preferred alternative.
4) Narrow the roadbed. Along the sewer access road or the “46th Street trail,” the
trail is wide enough to invite Scot’s broom and blackberry invasion. This area
could be cleared of Scotch broom by pulling mature and seedling plants up by the
roots, tilling the old roadbed, and replanting with sun-tolerant species such as
Douglas fir, dwarf native rose (Rosa gymnocarpa), and small seedlings of Pacific
madrone (Arbutus menziesii). A limiting factor in restoration will be the road
width needs of sewer maintenance vehicles.
Quaking Aspen Wetland (Levinski property)
This otherwise pristine (and unique) grove of aspen (Populus sp. — locally referred to as
Quaking aspen (P. tremuloides-- but efforts were not made to confirm species)) harbors a
single 3-inch diameter ivy vine climbing a tree in its epicenter, as well as at least three
mature English holly trees. On the small trail that circumnavigates the entire wetland,
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
42
Himalayan blackberry abounds along the western edge only. The northern edge is quite
intact.
Recommendations:
1) Remove ivy and English holly trees from interior of wetlands. Scour more
carefully for seedlings in summer when water conditions permit.
2) Remove blackberry. This will be an ongoing task in the trail to the west of the
Levinski wetland.
Winona-Levinski Connector
Deep within the Winona–Levinski connector are some scattered patches of English holly,
Himalayan blackberry, and Scot’s broom. Problem areas include Magnolia Street-Bell
Street, south of East Sapphire Street, and Willamette Street-Caines Street south of East
Sapphire Street.
Recommendations:
1) Remove non-native plants, including English holly, Himalayan blackberry, and
Scot’s broom as described above.
2) Replant with natives such as red cedar (Thuja plicata), sword fern (Polystichum
munitum), Indian plum (Oemelaria cerasiformis), and dwarf native rose (Rosa
gymnocarpa).
Winona Wetland
This wetland site was disturbed by the construction of the Seaview sewer line. Reed
canary grass covers almost the entire wetland. An academic debate continues about
whether this species is actually non-native to the continent. It may have, in fact, been
present on the Pacific Northwest coast for several centuries, based on evidence of use in
basketry “by the Halq’emylem and probably other Salish groups” (Pojar and Mackinnon,
1994). However, all sides agree that the plant has become unusually invasive in wetlands.
Reed canary grass invasion to the extent it is present in the Winona Wetland is usually
the result of artificially altered hydrology and soil disturbance.
Scattered cattails and sedges throughout indicate the past vegetation of Winona Wetland.
Generally, when a wet site becomes a bit drier (i.e., water levels decrease), or when
frequency of flooding to a wetland decreases, reed canary grass out competes natives.
Thistle, Scot’s broom, and blackberries are also present on this site, but are in smaller
populations.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
43
Recommendations:
1) Explore the possibility of restoring or simulating native water flow regime.
Options should be evaluated for answering the following questions: What are the
advantages and disadvantages of altering stormwater runoff to increase flooding
in the wetland from nearby housing? Is there some way to change the topography
of the site to allow for more flow?
2) Manage reed canary grass removal. Attempted removal methods include: heavy
mulching, mowing, herbicide application, and fire. Removal by hand or machine
is strongly discouraged, as this plant re-sprouts vigorously from the root mat.
Note, however, that these methods are short- and mid-term solutions, and do not
account for the process that allowed the reed canary grass to become established
and thrive. Therefore, before attempting labor-intensive, expensive solutions,
further study should be conducted to determine whether a creative solution could
be found to create a water flow pattern more favorable to native sedges, rushes,
and tules. (See Appendix C for additional notes on reed canary grass.)
3) Continue efforts to pull Scot’s broom, blackberry, and thistle.
TeePee Wetland
This wetland area is very unusual. The south end is forested, with an overstory of alder
(Alnus rubra) and willow (Salix spp.). The north end is an intensive garden plot,
complete with a fence, benches, raised beds, and small garden shed. The only potentially
invasive species here is the bamboo planted along the north edge of the garden. There are
approximately six recent privacy plantings (1-2 inches in diameter), as well as one large
(12-foot) clump to the east side. Bamboo is highly invasive, spreading by woody runners
underground. Once established, it is very tenacious and hard to eradicate.
Also on this site is a fresh quarter-acre clearing on the west side of the garden plot (bare
soil).
There are scattered clumps of blackberry along the southern edge of the trail leading from
S. Garnet to S. Ruby along “39th Street trail.”
Recommendations:
1) In coordination with the City, contact landowners to determine whether
improvements are consistent with the Critical Areas Ordinance. In addition,
determine if they are willing to have bamboo taken out and replaced with Western
red cedar or some other native plant that provides the same function they seek. If
landowners are willing, remove large bamboo clump and small plantings. Inquire
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
44
about their intentions for the cleared area. A fruit orchard would not be a threat to
the QWC. A bamboo nursery, however, would.
2) Continue efforts to cut back blackberry from southern trail.
Alwood/Elmira Wetland
On “Lenore Street Trail,” between TeePee Wetland and Alwood/Elmira Wetland, there is
an unusual abundance of Scot’s broom. Elmira Street as well as Cook Avenue divides
Alwood Wetland. Considering this fragmentation, the site is in good condition. Alwood
Wetland itself contains some trash and debris, but very few non-native plants. Evidence
of past Scot’s broom removal was noted. On the east side of the wetland, Alwood Street
roadbed restricts water flow.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
45
Recommendations
1) Continue to pull Scot’s broom seedlings, which could persist for seven more
years.
2) Consider removing old roadbed on the “Alwood Street trail” and replacing it
with a wooden plank walkway to reestablish water flows. This might be a good
public service project for a youth group.
Ivy Street Wetland or “Frog Forest”
This intact, forest wetland is bounded by Elm Street to the west, 39th to the north, Spring
Street to the east, and 35th Street to the south. The wetland forest has old-growth
characteristics rarely seem in east Jefferson County, and is a haven for songbirds and
amphibians. The area appears to be connected hydrologically to Elmira Wetland, and is
adjacent to significant JLT holdings. No invasive species were noted in this area, and the
area is only mentioned here because it impressed the field surveyor with its wildlife
habitat value and charm.
Notes
According to the Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board, the QWC contains only
one “Class B Weed,” Scot’s broom. However, this list was designed for agricultural needs
rather than wildlife protection. “Class B Weeds are non-native species presently limited to
portions of the state. Species are designated for control in regions where they are not yet
widespread. Preventing new infestations in these areas is a high priority. In regions where
a Class B species is already abundant, control is decided at the local level, with
containment as the primary goal” (Washington Noxious Weed Board, 2004). Although
Scotch Broom does fix nitrogen in soil, removal is recommended.
English ivy is listed as a “Class C Weed, species that are considered widespread in the
state. Long-term programs of suppression and control are a county option, depending upon
local threats and the feasibility of control in local areas” (Washington Noxious Weed
Board, 2004). Removal is recommended.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
46
Invasive Plant Control and Stewardship Priorities
Areas can be grouped according to both the degree of problem, and the ease with which
these can be remedied. When prioritizing stewardship in the QWC, it may be helpful to
managers to consider the following questions:
How intact or pristine is the micro-site?
What disturbances or processes caused the invasion?
How severe is the invasion? What processes exacerbate it?
How do adjacent areas affect stewardship?
What are known remedies? Are they “do-able”?
Are remedies long-term or short-term solutions?
Advanced invasion/ difficult to remedy:
“49th Street Wetlands” (southeast of Cook/Hendricks/49th): English and
other ivies, reed canary grass and Himalayan blackberry are overtaking more
than a quarter acre of wetlands. See notes below for suggestions.
Winona Wetland: Reed canary grass, Himalayan blackberry, and Scot’s
broom cover most of this wetland. Encroaching housing developments will
cause further hydrologic disruptions as stormwater runoff increases and/or
flooding frequencies change.
High concern/early invasion/easy to remedy:
Quaking Aspen (Levinski) Wetland: An otherwise pristine (and unique)
quaking aspen grove harbors a single 3-inch diameter ivy vine climbing a tree
in its epicenter, as well as at least three mature English holly trees. Ivy and
holly could be removed from this site in one day.
Moderate invasion/difficult to remedy:
The Levinski-Winona Connector: Between Winona Wetland and Quaking
Aspen (Levinski) Wetland are scattered pockets of Himalayan blackberry,
Scot’s broom, and English holly. Removal will require frequent revisits to
scour the area, especially in springtime to pull sprouts. Long-term, sustained
effort is required.
Alwood/Elmira Wetland: The wetland is in surprisingly good condition. A
roadbed at Alwood Street trail just east of Cook could be removed and
converted into a plank walkway, thus allowing hydrologic recovery.
Moderate invasion/easy to remedy:
50th Street Wetland: English holly seedlings and trees could easily be
removed and replanted with native plants.
TeePee Wetland: Residents have recently established “privacy plantings” of
bamboo, which is very highly invasive. Working with the landowners to
remove this and replant with natives may be easy or difficult, depending on
the landowner. One planting is >12 feet in diameter; others are much smaller.
There is also a large (approximately a quarter acre) new clearing adjacent to
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
47
the large garden/farm in the north end of TeePee Wetland, which may or may
not invite invasive plants in the near future.
Action Plan
Invasive Plant
Control
Recommendation
Implementation Action
1. Begin invasive species
control program.
Follow recommendations of this plan for species
removal/control and revegetation with native species.
Incorporate this program into ongoing JLT
stewardship program.
Consider forming a “Friends of the QWC” volunteer
program. Trained stewards can be responsible for
ongoing invasive species control in addition to
organized work parties.
2. Incorporate invasive
species control into larger
restoration programs.
Winona Wetland and 49th Street Wetland invasive
species control must be considered in the context of
overall restoration. Consider partnerships to seek
funding and implement comprehensive restoration
activities at these two sites.
3. Develop a local
Backyard Wildlife
Sanctuary Program and/or
other owner outreach
programs.
Incorporate this program into on-going JLT
stewardship activities.
Develop partnerships to implement this program, e.g.,
Jefferson Conservation District, Audubon Society, etc.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
48
CHAPTER SIX
NON-MOTORIZED TRAILS WITHIN THE QWC, SIGNAGE,
AND INTERPRETIVE DISPLAYS
The establishment of a non-motorized trail system and the protection of a wildlife
corridor are both worthy goals. However, trail development and usage can have a
significant negative impact on wildlife habitat. With careful planning and continuing
communication between land managers responsible for trails and wildlife corridors,
impacts can be minimized and the two public uses can successfully co-exist.
Trails and QWC - Areas of Overlapping Use
This section identifies areas of overlapping use within the corridor and provides
recommended measures to minimize impacts to natural resources. Areas of overlapping
use are those in which trails or other human uses cross, intersect, intrude upon, or
otherwise impact, a designated Habitat Area and/or fall within the 100-year flood plain
(see Chapter Two for definitions of these areas). Sixteen such overlapping areas were
identified and are shown in Figure 4. Recommended measures to minimize or mitigate
impacts to natural resources include physical responses and management responses. Each
area of overlapping use and a measure recommended for that area are summarized below.
Areas of Overlapping Use
Table 6-1 lists the 16 areas of overlapping use identified in the corridor. These areas were
identified through a comprehensive review of the Port Townsend and Jefferson County
Non-Motorized Transportation Plans (NMTPs). The trail data from each of these plans
were overlaid with the mapped Habitat Areas and 100-year floodplain within the corridor
(see Figure 4). Areas of overlapping use were identified where trails cross, intersect,
intrude upon, or otherwise impact, an area designated as Habitat Area, and/or fall within
the 100-year floodplain. While it is recognized that there may be other human uses that
may overlap with these areas, none was found in the analysis conducted for this plan.
The majority of the overlaps are with proposed trails. There are a number of these
conflicts, because the Port Townsend NMTP, in general, proposes the construction of as
many trails as possible in the undeveloped rights-of-way in the northwest part of the city.
The goal of the NMTP is to weave a “network” so that non-motorized users travel
between almost any two points in that area of the City without using an open, paved
street. While such a network of trails may be consistent with the management goals of the
corridor, the impacts of these proposed trails should be investigated prior to construction.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
49
The Port Townsend NMTP addresses the impact of trails on the natural environment in
following statements:
"[The goal is to] develop a comprehensive open space and trails plan and
implementation program which protects the natural environment and significant
cultural resources, provides passive recreation opportunities, is integrated with
the non-motorized component of the Transportation Element, and is designed to
link neighborhoods with parks, significant open spaces, schools, shoreline access
areas, mixed use centers and employment centers."
-Open Spaces & Trails Goal excerpted from the 1996
Comprehensive Plan
“The Non-Motorized Transportation Plan seeks to harmonize its objectives with
the goals of the Quimper Wildlife Corridor Project. Facilities will be planned to
be compatible and of low impact and some areas of the corridor will be avoided
entirely. This plan attempts to minimize the number of paths crossing the
corridor” (p.8)
“This multi-modal loop also unites neighborhoods with an extensive system of
parks and open spaces, including many environmentally sensitive areas that
provide significant wildlife habitat.” (p. 21)
While it is clear from these statements that such impacts were a consideration in the
policies and other text of the NMTP, it appears the conceptual trail alignments did not
considered the impacts of trails on environmentally sensitive and protected lands. Many
proposed trails cross environmentally sensitive areas. However, as indicated in the
concerns and intent expressed in the body of the NMTP—in addition to those in the
Comprehensive Plan—impacts of the trails on natural resources will be an important
consideration in the final planning of any trail. A 2008 supplement to the NMTP is
expected to address these concerns and to include a policy of finding alternate routes for
trails that are proposed across wetlands or other critical habitat areas.
Recommended Measures
A wide variety of potential measures exists to address overlapping uses. The challenge
within the corridor is to maximize natural resource protection while avoiding significant
restriction of the outdoor recreation experience or manipulation of the non-motorized
transportation network. Recommended measures are grouped into three broad categories:
no action, physical measures, and management measures. Many of these measures are
adopted from current publications on trail design and management. These publications
and suggested resources for further reading are included at the end of this section.
Physical measures can be implemented for new trail construction and/or where
realignment/reconstruction is necessary. Proper trail design, layout, and maintenance are
essential for natural resource protection and also contribute positively to trail user
satisfaction. Proper design can encourage users to utilize the trail in ways that minimize
resource degradation. Given that there is an extensive network of existing and proposed
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
May 19, 2008
50
trails throughout the corridor, proper trail design, layout, and maintenance should be a
primary consideration. Physical design, layout, and maintenance measures that can help
avoid or minimize natural resource impacts in overlapping areas include adequate
buffers, design and construction of trails to accommodate expected use and minimize
erosion, adding (or leaving) physical barriers, and implementing an effective maintenance
program.
Management measures are intended for trails that are already in place. Management
measures can be divided into two broad categories: 1) interpretation and education, and
2) regulations and enforcement. It is common that natural resource impacts resulting from
trail use are often the result of uninformed or unintentional actions. Effective
communication regarding the location and value of natural resources within the corridor
can prevent further impact and degradation. Specific examples of interpretation and
education elements are provided in Table 6-2. These elements include entrance and
directional signs and interpretive signs and displays. Regulations such as speed limits,
separating users (e.g., mountain bikes and pedestrians), right-of-way yield requirements,
and closing trails or trail sections during sensitive seasons could be established to
minimize impacts in overlapping areas.
Measures will differ depending upon whether the trail is existing or proposed and, in
some cases, a number of different measures may be appropriate. In some cases, no action
is recommended for overlapping areas located along existing, permanently paved
roadways. Specific recommended measures for each area of overlapping use are
summarized in Table 6-1.
Trail Design, Construction, and Management Resources
Ryan, Karen-Lee, ed. 1993. Trails for the Twenty-first Century: Planning, Design and
Management Manual for Multi-Use Trails. Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. Island Press: Covelo,
CA.
Flink, C. and R. Searns. 1993. Greenways: A Guide to Planning, Design, and Development.
Island Press: Washington, D.C.
Knight, R.L. and D.N. Cole. 1995. Wildlife responses to recreationists. In: Wildlife and
Recreationists: Coexistence through Research and Management. A.L. Knight and K. Gutzwiller,
eds. Island Press: Covelo, CA. Pp. 51-69.
Smith, D. and P. Hellmund. 1993. Ecology of Greenways. University of Minnesota Press:
Minneapolis, MN.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan May 19, 2008
51Ta
b
l
e
6
-
1
A
r
e
a
s
o
f
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
U
s
e
Ma
p
No
It
e
m
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
(
E
)
o
r
Pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
(
P
)
St
r
e
e
t
(
i
f
ap
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e
)
Fr
o
m
T
o
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
of
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
*
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
N
o
t
e
s
/
Comments
1
T
r
a
i
l
P
4
9
th
L
a
n
d
e
s
H
o
l
c
o
m
b
X
F
P
N
o
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road.
2
T
r
a
i
l
P
K
u
h
n
5
0
th
5
1
st
S
a
m
e
a
s
ab
o
v
e
No
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road.
3
T
r
a
i
l
P
J
a
c
k
m
a
n
4
9
th
5
0
th
S
a
m
e
a
s
ab
o
v
e
No
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road.
4
T
r
a
i
l
P
C
l
e
v
e
l
a
n
d
4
9
th
5
2
nd X
E
S
A
,
SE
/
W
F
H
A
an
d
F
P
No
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road; proposed trail provides north-south connector for NMTP.
5
T
r
a
i
l
E
-
-
C
o
o
k
/
49
th
Ea
s
t
Di
a
m
o
n
d
Ex
t
r
a
i
l
X
ES
A
,
E
H
A
an
d
F
P
Ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
:
R
e
m
o
v
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
wi
t
h
i
n
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
r
e
a
a
n
d
re
l
o
c
a
t
e
t
o
C
o
o
k
A
v
e
n
u
e
R
O
W
.
Pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
c
i
r
c
u
m
v
e
n
t
s
th
e
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
.
In City ROW within City property; restoration of existing trail area following relocation.
6
T
r
a
i
l
E
-
-
[
4
7
th
]
4
5
th
&
Ro
s
e
c
r
a
n
s
Ex
T
r
a
i
l
X
ES
A
,
W
F
HA
a
n
d
F
P
Ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
:
R
e
m
o
v
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
wi
t
h
i
n
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
r
e
a
a
n
d
re
l
o
c
a
t
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
tr
a
i
l
c
i
r
c
u
m
v
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
In City ROW within City property; restoration of existing trail area following relocation.
7
T
r
a
i
l
E
,
P
T
h
o
m
a
s
L
o
r
e
n
a
[
4
7
th
]
B
o
t
h
t
r
a
i
l
s
X
ES
A
,
H
A
Ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
:
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
t
o
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
im
p
a
c
t
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
d
r
a
i
n
a
g
e
,
e
r
o
s
i
o
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
)
;
a
d
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
t
o
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
en
t
r
y
i
n
t
o
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
.
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
di
s
p
l
a
y
.
Proposed trail routed along wetland edge will minimize impacts.
*
L
e
g
e
n
d
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
b
e
l
o
w
Ta
b
l
e
6
-
1
A
r
e
a
s
o
f
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
U
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan May 19, 2008
52Ma
p
No
It
e
m
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
(
E
)
o
r
Pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
(
P
)
St
r
e
e
t
(
i
f
ap
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e
)
Fr
o
m
T
o
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
of
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
N
o
t
e
s
/
Comments
8
T
r
a
i
l
E
,
P
W
i
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
P
e
a
r
y
[
4
5
th
]
E
x
t
r
a
i
l
a
n
d
P
tr
a
i
l
X
E
S
A
,
SE
/
W
F
H
A
an
d
F
P
Ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
:
R
o
u
t
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
on
t
o
L
a
n
d
T
r
u
s
t
p
a
r
c
e
l
a
n
d
ot
h
e
r
p
a
r
c
e
l
s
t
o
t
h
e
e
a
s
t
o
f
Wi
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
.
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
.
Involves private property owners’ agreement or new Land Trust purchases of at least 2 properties.
9
T
r
a
i
l
P
M
i
c
h
i
g
a
n
P
l
C
o
o
k
P
e
a
r
y
P
t
r
a
i
l
X
SE
/
W
F
H
A
an
d
F
P
Ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
:
R
e
m
o
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
tr
a
i
l
f
r
o
m
N
M
T
P
.
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
.
Winona Wetland/Forest historically and significantly disturbed; should avoid future impacts; other trails in immediate vicinity provide adequate access/opportunity
10
T
r
a
i
l
P
4
2
nd
[
E
m
e
r
a
l
d
]
R
u
b
y
P
t
r
a
i
l
X
F
P
N
o
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road.
11
T
r
a
i
l
E
,
P
3
9
th
V
e
n
u
S
h
a
s
t
a
B
o
t
h
t
r
a
i
l
s
X
ES
A
,
H
A
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
.
12
T
r
a
i
l
E
,
P
3
9
th
I
v
y
S
p
r
i
n
g
B
o
t
h
t
r
a
i
l
s
X
ES
A
a
n
d
W
F
HA
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
g
n
.
13
T
r
a
i
l
P
C
o
o
k
E
l
m
i
r
a
O
n
e
o
n
t
a
X
E
S
A
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
s
i
g
n
.
14
T
r
a
i
l
P
E
l
m
i
r
a
3
9
th
A
l
w
o
o
d
/
E
l
mi
r
a
X
E
S
A
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
s
i
g
n
.
15
T
r
a
i
l
P
E
l
m
L
e
w
i
s
G
e
o
r
g
e
X
E
S
A
N
o
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road.
16
T
r
a
i
l
P
E
l
m
i
r
a
W
a
l
n
u
t
S
u
t
t
e
r
P
l
X
E
S
A
(H
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
Sl
o
p
e
)
a
n
d
HA
“
E
l
m
i
r
a
We
t
l
a
n
d
”
No
n
e
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
n
existing paved road.
Ke
y
t
o
A
b
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
:
X
=
c
r
o
s
s
e
s
;
E
x
=
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
;
P
=
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
;
E
S
A
=
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
r
e
a
;
H
A
=
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
a
r
e
a
;
S
E
=
s
hrub emergent; WF = wet forest;
DF
=
d
r
y
f
o
r
e
s
t
;
E
=
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
t
;
M
F
=
m
e
s
i
c
f
o
r
e
s
t
;
R
=
r
u
r
a
l
;
P
=
p
a
s
t
u
r
e
;
R
O
W
=
r
i
g
h
t
-
o
f
-
w
a
y
;
F
P
=
F
E
M
A
1
0
0
-
y
e
a
r
f
l
o
o
d
p
l
a
i
n
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
Draft 05/05/08
53
Areas for Signs and Interpretation
Signs and interpretive elements will serve to enable and assist JLT and other landowners
of corridor properties to achieve several goals. These goals can be divided into the
following two categories:
1) Informing users of efforts to protect, preserve, and facilitate enhancement
and/or restoration of the corridor, and informing users of ownership and
custodianship status of lands. This goal will be achieved primarily through the use
of signs. These signs will typically be either simple indicators of the entrance or
boundary of the corridor, ownership and/or stewardship, and maps of the corridor
or section of the corridor.
2) Informing and educating users of particular characteristics of the surrounding
lands and other natural features. This goal will be achieved primarily through the
use of interpretive elements. The interpretive elements will typically address a
specific area of interest and be placed within view of that area of interest. They
will typically contain informative literature and possibly accompanying diagrams,
illustrations, photographs and maps.
A strategy for employing the signs and interpretive elements should divided into the
following phases. These are also designated in Table 6-2.
1) Addressing existing features and situations on existing trails
2) Addressing future – or planned – features and situations on existing trails
3) Addressing features and situations on proposed trails
A countervailing view is that the QWC contains areas that are sufficiently wild, rural,
undeveloped, and uncontrolled that any formalization of the area will compromise those
characteristics. This view would hold that any signs, maps, and interpretive elements
would damage many of the QWC’s rare—if not unique—qualities. Perhaps the most
important aspect of this view is that the QWC, because it is largely in a natural state, and
because its trails are mostly unmapped and perplexing, provides an intriguing, even
mysterious, adventure to those who are willing to explore it. For many Port Townsend
urban dwellers, this is not only an enchanting experience, but one that is rarely available
to people in other cities. In this view, the signs, maps, and interpretive elements, while
helping some visitors appreciate and understand the surrounding natural environment, are
simultaneously obliterating some of those very characteristics and making the area
similar to many others that one can find much more easily across the country.
For these reasons, the placement of signs and other elements that formalize the
experience of visiting and traveling through the QWC should be done extremely
judiciously. The recommendations in Table 6-2 seek to address both concerns: the desire
to promote the preservation and conservation of sensitive areas and the desire to maintain
the Corridor’s rare combination of wildness, informality and proximity to an urban area.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
Draft 05/05/08
54
The majority of the signs in the table are simply informing passersby that the lands
adjacent to a trail are either owned by JLT or are otherwise protected or sensitive. An
interpretive element is recommended, either at Thomas and East Sapphire or east of the
intersection of Willamette and Morton. More detailed site inspections should determine
which of these locations is chosen. Either location will help direct visitors to an
accessible part of the QWC, will provide beautiful and interesting surroundings, and will
be located within a short walking distance of paved streets.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
55Ta
b
l
e
6
-
2
A
r
e
a
s
f
o
r
S
i
g
n
s
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ma
p
No
.
It
e
m
Ty
p
e
It
e
m
Co
d
e
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
N
o
t
e
s
/
C
o
m
m
e
n
t
s
1
S
A
N
e
w
t
r
a
i
l
o
n
C
o
o
k
a
t
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
“
4
9
th
St
r
e
e
t
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
”
–
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
o
n
n
e
w
t
r
a
i
l
a
t
He
n
d
r
i
c
k
s
a
s
w
e
l
l
Si
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
a
n
d
s
i
g
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
in
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
Po
s
s
i
b
l
y
m
a
p
o
f
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
;
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
i
g
n
(
s
)
de
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
f
u
t
u
r
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
r
a
i
l
t
h
a
t
be
c
o
m
e
s
“
m
a
i
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
”
f
r
o
m
Co
o
k
/
4
9
th
/H
e
n
d
r
i
c
k
s
a
r
e
a
2
S
C
O
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
o
n
C
l
e
v
e
l
a
n
d
,
a
t
5
1
st
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
E
S
A
M
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
3
I
A
T
h
o
m
a
s
a
n
d
E
S
a
p
p
h
i
r
e
O
R
(e
a
s
t
o
f
)
W
i
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
a
n
d
M
o
r
t
o
n
In
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
P
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
o
f
“
r
e
s
t
a
r
e
a
”
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
:
be
n
c
h
(
e
s
)
a
n
d
p
i
c
n
i
c
t
a
b
l
e
4
S
B
E
a
s
t
S
a
p
p
h
i
r
e
a
n
d
W
i
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
S
i
g
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
di
s
p
l
a
y
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
di
s
p
l
a
y
5
S
B
4
5
th
a
n
d
T
h
o
m
a
s
S
i
g
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
di
s
p
l
a
y
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
di
s
p
l
a
y
6
S
A
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
A
r
i
z
o
n
a
P
l
a
c
e
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
m
a
y
n
o
t
w
a
r
r
a
n
t
s
i
g
n
;
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
t
o
b
e
a
m
o
r
e
f
o
r
m
a
l
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
7
S
C
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
P
e
a
r
y
,
S
s
i
d
e
o
f
C
o
o
k
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
Ma
y
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
o
n
l
y
v
e
r
y
l
o
n
g
t
e
r
m
8
S
C
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
M
i
c
h
i
g
a
n
,
S
s
i
d
e
o
f
C
o
o
k
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
Ma
y
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
o
n
l
y
v
e
r
y
l
o
n
g
t
e
r
m
9
S
C
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
W
i
n
o
n
a
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
Ma
y
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
o
n
l
y
v
e
r
y
l
o
n
g
t
e
r
m
10
S
C
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
L
i
n
d
e
n
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
Ma
y
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
o
n
l
y
v
e
r
y
l
o
n
g
t
e
r
m
KE
Y
t
o
A
b
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
:
IT
E
M
T
Y
P
E
:
S
=
s
i
g
n
I
=
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
IT
E
M
C
O
D
E
:
A:
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
n
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
s
B:
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
r
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
n
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
s
C:
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
r
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
56
Ta
b
l
e
6
-
2
A
r
e
a
s
f
o
r
S
i
g
n
s
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
(c
o
n
t
.
)
Ma
p
No
.
It
e
m
Ty
p
e
It
e
m
Co
d
e
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
N
o
t
e
s
/
C
o
m
m
e
n
t
s
11
S
A
3
9
th
a
n
d
H
o
w
a
r
d
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
,
m
a
p
,
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
in
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
Ad
v
i
s
e
r
e
g
u
l
a
r
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
i
g
n
f
o
r
va
n
d
a
l
i
s
m
;
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
s
i
g
n
“
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
”
12
S
C
M
c
C
l
e
l
l
a
n
a
n
d
U
m
a
t
i
l
l
a
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
r
a
n
c
e
t
o
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
Ma
y
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
o
n
l
y
v
e
r
y
l
o
n
g
t
e
r
m
13
S
C
E
l
m
i
r
a
,
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
A
n
n
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
L
a
n
d
T
r
u
s
t
ow
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
14
S
C
C
o
o
k
,
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
E
l
m
i
r
a
a
n
d
A
l
b
a
t
r
o
s
s
S
i
g
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
L
a
n
d
T
r
u
s
t
ow
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
15
S
A
3
9
th
,
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
C
o
o
k
a
n
d
T
o
p
a
z
S
i
gn
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
L
a
n
d
T
r
u
s
t
ow
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
KE
Y
t
o
A
b
b
r
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
:
IT
E
M
T
Y
P
E
:
S
=
s
i
g
n
I
=
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
IT
E
M
C
O
D
E
:
A:
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
n
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
s
B:
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
r
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
n
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
s
C:
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
r
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
Quimper Wildlife Corridor
Management Plan
Draft 05/05/08
57
Non-Motorized Trails, Signage,
and Interpretive Displays
Recommendation
Implementation Action
1. Resolve existing and potential future
trail conflicts within the QWC.
Support the Port Townsend NMTAB
in rerouting trails as recommended.
Work with the Port Townsend
NMTAB to update the plan to reflect
new trail alignments as recommended.
2. Provide signage and interpretive
displays in the QWC.
Work with the Port Townsend
NMTAB to coordinate signage needs.
JLT has recently acquired funding to
provide signage and interpretive
display(s) in the QWC.
3. Minimize impacts of trails to habitat. Work with Port Townsend NMTAB
and others to develop trail maintenance
schedule to prevent widening trail
impact areas.
Follow restoration recommendations
for rerouted trails and narrowing
impact areas of trails.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
58CHA
P
T
E
R
SEV
E
N
UTI
L
I
T
Y
ENC
R
O
A
C
H
M
E
N
T
I
N
T
O
T
H
E
QW
C
Th
e
Q
W
C
o
c
c
u
r
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
n
a
r
e
a
o
f
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
a
n
d
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
y
t
h
a
t
wa
s
p
l
a
t
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
r
e
g
a
r
d
t
o
t
o
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
o
r
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
r
e
a
s
i
n
t
h
e
1
8
9
0
s
.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
u
t
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
i
n
fr
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
b
a
s
e
d
u
p
o
n
th
e
s
e
h
i
s
t
o
r
i
c
p
l
a
ts has continued
wi
t
h
o
u
t
m
u
c
h
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
r
r
e
g
a
r
d
f
o
r
we
t
l
a
n
d
s
a
n
d
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
.
Th
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
s
p
u
b
l
i
c
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
ed
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
o
f
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
I
t
a
l
s
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
s
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
uture
en
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
a
s
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
p
u
b
l
i
c
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
s
.
Wh
i
l
e
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
t
o
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
n
e
x
h
a
u
s
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
ysis of the
im
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
s
u
c
h
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
s
,
i
t
d
o
e
s
m
a
k
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
t
o
t
h
o
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
t
h
a
t
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
ne
f
i
t
m
o
s
t
f
r
o
m
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
r
e
a
s
w
h
e
r
e
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
cr
o
s
s
e
s
,
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
i
n
t
o
,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
a
ff
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
l
ocations in
re
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
a
r
e
a
s
.
49
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
(
#
1
)
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
m
p
a
c
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
e
a
v
i
e
w
s
e
w
e
r
l
i
n
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
ac
c
e
s
s
r
o
a
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
l
s
o
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
b
e
w
a
t
e
r
l
i
n
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
,
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
y
p
r
o
b
a
b
l
y
h
a
v
e
l
i
t
t
l
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
.
The access road
ha
s
l
e
f
t
a
g
o
o
d
d
e
a
l
o
f
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
e
d
a
r
e
a
t
h
a
t
i
s
p
r
o
n
e
t
o
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
l
v
e
r
t
u
n
d
e
r
4
9
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
un
d
o
u
b
t
e
d
l
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
e
r
i
o
d
o
f
t
h
e
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
o
u
t
h
.
T
h
i
s
a
r
e
a
i
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
fi
e
d
a
s
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
Qu
a
k
i
n
g
A
s
p
e
n
(
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
)
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
(#
2
)
.
T
h
e
S
e
a
v
i
e
w
s
e
w
e
r
l
i
n
e
a
n
d
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
ac
c
e
s
s
r
o
a
d
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
Q
u
a
k
i
n
g
A
s
p
e
n
We
t
l
a
n
d
a
n
d
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
s
o
n
e
c
o
r
n
e
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
v
ic
e
r
o
a
d
i
s
w
i
d
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
a
n
d
is prone to
in
v
a
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
t
s
.
T
h
i
s
a
r
e
a
i
s
a
l
s
o
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
a
n
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
Wi
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
S
t
r
e
e
t
a
c
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
1
0
0
-
y
e
a
r
f
l
o
o
d
p
l
a
i
n
(
#
3
)
.
A
w
a
t
e
r
l
i
n
e
w
a
s
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d
h
e
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
l
a
te
1
9
7
0
s
a
n
d
h
a
s
c
e
r
t
ainly affected the
hy
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
W
i
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
i
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
c
o
n
i
f
e
r
m
o
r
t
a
l
i
t
y
.
A
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
“
r
o
a
d
”
re
m
a
i
n
s
h
e
r
e
a
n
d
i
s
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
t
r
a
i
l
.
However, the
tr
a
i
l
w
a
s
n
e
v
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
t
o
a
n
y
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
a
n
d
i
s
a
nn
u
a
l
l
y
i
n
u
n
d
a
t
e
d
.
B
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
i
s
a
r
ea
h
a
s
a
f
a
i
r
l
y
l
a
r
g
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
bike and
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
59pe
d
e
s
t
r
i
a
n
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
,
t
h
e
“
t
r
a
i
l
”
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
s
t
o
w
i
d
e
n
a
s
u
s
e
r
s
s
e
e
k
t
o
a
v
o
i
d
t
h
e
q
u
a
g
m
i
r
e.
T
h
i
s
a
r
e
a
i
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
on and for
re
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
l
i
f
a
n
a
l
t
e
rn
a
t
e
r
o
u
t
e
c
a
n
b
e
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
d
.
Ka
r
n
o
S
t
r
e
e
t
D
e
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
P
o
n
d
(
#
4
)
.
A
r
e
c
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
w
a
s
p
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
a
d
e
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
p
o
n
d
o
n
C
i
t
y
-
o
w
n
e
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
an
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
e
r
o
f
W
i
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
s
u
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
r
e
v
i
e
w
e
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
n
o
lo
n
g
e
r
a
l
l
o
w
s
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
er
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
r
i
ghts of way
ex
c
e
p
t
i
n
u
n
i
q
u
e
c
i
r
c
u
m
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
o
r
fo
r
a
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
in
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
’
s
C
A
O
[
1
9
.
0
5
.
1
1
0
(
D
)
(
5
)
]
.
Wi
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
(
#
5
)
.
T
h
e
S
e
a
v
i
e
w
s
e
w
e
r
l
i
n
e
w
a
s
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
d
d
l
e
of
W
i
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
.
T
h
i
s
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
o
u
b
t
e
d
l
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
s
th
e
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
a
n
d
m
a
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
lo
c
a
l
s
u
r
f
i
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
t
e
r
f
l
o
w
s
.
T
h
is
a
r
e
a
h
a
s
a
l
s
o
b
e
e
n
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
restoration
an
d
m
a
y
b
e
o
n
e
a
r
e
a
w
h
e
r
e
r
e
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
f
f
e
n
d
i
n
g
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
l
i
n
e
m
a
y
b
e
w
a
r
r
a
n
t
e
d
.
Th
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
e
p
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
a
m
u
lti-year
hy
d
r
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
nt
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
d
e
ve
l
o
p
i
n
g
a
n
a
c
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
.
Po
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
F
u
t
u
r
e
U
t
i
l
i
t
y
I
m
p
a
c
t
s
St
r
e
e
t
s
Th
e
C
i
t
y
’
s
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
P
l
a
n
[
F
i
g
.
VI
-
1
]
s
h
o
w
s
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
3
9
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
W
i
n
o
n
a
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
o
n
l
y
an
d
w
i
l
l
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
a
m
o
r
e
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
A
l
l
p
a
r
t
i
e
s
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
e
d
n
e
e
d
to
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
i
n
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
op
t
i
m
a
l
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
i
s
c
o
mpatible with
th
e
Q
W
C
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
.
Fr
o
m
W
i
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
Q
W
C
a
n
d
dr
a
i
n
a
g
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
/
1
0
0
-
y
e
a
r
f
l
o
o
d
p
l
a
i
n
l
i
e
i
n
a
w
e
s
t
t
o
e
a
s
t
f
a
s
h
i
o
n
.
T
o
t
h
e
n
o
r
t
h
,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
(Fowler’s
Pa
r
k
a
r
e
a
)
a
n
d
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
u
t
i
l
it
y
a
n
d
r
o
a
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
v
e
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
d
.
A
s
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
io
n
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
t
r
e
n
d
may move to
th
e
s
o
u
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
Q
W
C
,
a
n
d
i
t
i
s
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
h
a
t
a
r
o
a
d
c
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
a
c
r
o
ss
t
h
e
Q
W
C
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
.
J
L
T
s
h
o
u
l
d
w
o
r
k
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
t
o
d
evelop an
al
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
i
n
a
r
e
v
i
s
e
d
ar
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
t
r
e
e
t
p
l
a
n
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
60
St
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
1)
Pu
r
s
u
a
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
’
s
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
P
l
a
n
,
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
h
a
s
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
a
“
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
d
r
a
i
n
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
”
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
(P
o
l
i
c
y
5
.
4
o
f
t
h
e
L
a
n
d
U
s
e
E
l
e
m
e
n
t
)
.
S
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
c
o
l
o
g
y
’
s
m
o
s
t
r
e
c
e
n
t
S
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
M
a
n
u
a
l
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
it
s
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
,
t
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
i
s
i
n
c
o
m
p
l
i
a
nc
e
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
t
e
w
i
d
e
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
c
i
t
y
’
s
m
o
s
t
c
u
rr
e
n
t
1
9
9
9
D
r
a
f
t
S
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
P
l
an
,
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
a
w
a
i
t
i
n
g
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
the
fu
t
u
r
e
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
p
l
a
n
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
d
r
a
i
n
a
g
e
b
a
s
i
n
t
o
b
e
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
to
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
p
l
a
n
.
Se
w
e
r
a
n
d
W
a
t
e
r
Th
e
C
i
t
y
’
s
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
s
e
w
e
r
a
n
d
w
a
t
e
r
p
l
a
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
a
n
y
p
l
an
n
e
d
m
a
j
o
r
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Q
W
C
p
l
a
n
n
ing
ar
e
a
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
i
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
n
o
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
th
e
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
w
a
s
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
w
e
r
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
f
u
n
d
.
(
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
p
erty does
co
n
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
S
e
a
v
i
e
w
s
e
w
e
r
l
i
n
e
.
)
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
c
l
a
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
i
n
te
n
d
e
d
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
i
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
61Ac
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
Ut
i
l
i
t
y
E
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
Im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
i
o
n
1.
M
i
t
i
g
a
t
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
en
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
u
t
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
o
we
t
l
a
n
d
s
.
An
a
l
y
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
u
t
i
l
i
ti
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
ov
e
r
a
l
l
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
io
n
f
o
r
W
i
n
o
n
a
,
Q
u
a
k
i
n
g
As
p
e
n
/
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
,
a
n
d
4
9
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
.
Co
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
t
o
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
f
r
o
m
ut
i
l
i
t
y
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
2.
M
i
t
i
g
a
t
e
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
r
o
a
d
s
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
C
i
t
y
P
u
b
l
i
c
W
o
r
k
s
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
t
o
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
ro
a
d
s
(
S
e
a
v
i
e
w
s
e
w
e
r
,
W
i
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
S
t
r
e
e
t
)
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
na
r
r
o
w
i
n
g
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
s
u
c
h
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
r
e
-
ve
g
e
t
a
t
e
a
s
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
.
3.
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
st
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
t
o
Q
W
C
.
En
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
a
n
y
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
d
wi
t
h
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
f
u
n
d
s
th
a
t
a
r
e
n
o
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
pr
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
oc
c
u
r
s
i
n
a
m
a
n
n
e
r
t
h
a
t
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
s
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
im
p
a
c
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
Th
e
J
L
T
s
h
o
u
l
d
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
w
i
t
h
c
i
t
y
s
t
a
f
f
on
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
1
9
9
9
d
r
a
f
t
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
p
l
a
n
a
n
d
ur
g
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
in
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
.
Wo
r
k
t
o
e
d
u
c
a
t
e
a
n
d
u
p
d
a
t
e
C
i
t
y
a
n
d
C
o
u
n
t
y
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
t
a
f
f
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
Q
W
C
.
4.
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
ut
i
l
i
t
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
Re
v
i
e
w
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
s
w
i
t
h
J
L
T
a
n
d
we
t
l
a
n
d
a
n
d
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
62QW
C
.
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
t
h
a
t
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
a
n
d
C
o
u
n
t
y
de
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
a
s
t
a
f
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
s
a
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
f
o
r
QW
C
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
i
s
s
u
e
s
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
63CHA
P
T
E
R
EIG
H
T
RES
T
O
R
A
T
I
O
N
OPP
O
R
T
U
N
I
T
I
E
S
A
N
D
MET
H
O
D
S
Th
i
s
c
h
a
p
t
e
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
r
e
s
t
o
r
at
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
a
n
d
a
n
a
lysis of
pr
i
m
a
r
y
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
t
y
p
e
s
,
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
an
d
s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
o
f
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
es
,
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
n
o
n
-
m
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
p
r
ovided in other
se
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
w
e
r
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
b
a
s
e
li
n
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
n
e
e
d
an
d
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
es for restoration. The
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
s
e
t
f
o
r
t
h
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
w
i
ll serve to meet
th
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
(
s
e
e
p
a
g
e
5
)
.
Re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
g
o
a
l
s
,
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
ti
o
n
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c restoration
op
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
b
e
l
o
w
.
Re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
G
o
a
l
s
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Q
W
C
a
r
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
r
e
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
g
o
a
l
s
:
Es
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
g
r
e
e
n
b
e
l
t
o
f
n
a
t
i
v
e
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
Im
p
r
o
v
e
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
In
c
r
e
a
s
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
Th
e
s
e
g
o
a
l
s
a
r
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e
t
o
t
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
c
o
rr
i
d
o
r
.
I
t
i
s
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
go
a
l
s
,
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
will be developed
fo
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
ts
o
n
a
c
a
s
e
-
b
y
-
c
a
s
e
b
a
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
g
o
a
l
s
d
i
s
c
us
s
e
d
b
e
l
o
w
a
r
e
i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d
t
o
a
c
h
i
eve the overall
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Es
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
g
r
e
e
n
b
e
l
t
o
f
n
a
t
i
v
e
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
As
s
t
a
t
e
d
e
a
r
l
i
e
r
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
,
t
h
e
Q
W
C
b
e
g
a
n
a
s
a
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
a
gr
e
e
n
b
e
l
t
o
f
n
a
t
i
v
e
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
2
0
0
f
e
e
t
w
i
d
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
s
e
v
e
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
n
o
d
e
s
.
L
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
64
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
n
g
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
a
n
d
n
a
t
i
v
e
p
l
an
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
w
i
l
l
h
e
l
p
e
n
s
u
r
e
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
c
e
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
re
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
t
o
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
s
.
A
s
J
L
T
c
o
n
t
i
nu
e
s
t
o
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
p
a
r
c
e
l
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
,
e
a
c
h
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
s
h
o
u
l
d be
as
s
e
s
s
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
na
t
i
v
e
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n
a
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
Im
p
r
o
v
e
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
.
A
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
n
v
e
n
t
or
y
o
f
t
h
e
Q
W
C
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
n
e
a
r
l
y
a
l
l
h
a
b
i
ta
t
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
dor exhibits mild
to
s
e
v
e
r
e
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
(
s
e
e
C
h
a
p
t
e
r
T
w
o
)
.
Im
p
r
o
v
e
d
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
(
e
.
g
.
,
p
l
a
n
t
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
l
e
g
a
c
y
s
t
r
u
c
t
ures,
et
c
.
)
c
a
n
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
l
o
c
a
l
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
p
e
rs
i
s
t
e
n
c
e
o
f
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
.
In
c
r
e
a
s
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
.
G
i
v
e
n
t
h
e
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
u
r
b
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
h
u
m
a
n
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
wi
t
h
i
n
a
n
d
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
Q
W
C
,
a
cr
i
t
i
c
a
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
th
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
t
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
a
nd
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
i
n
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
F
o
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
b
l
i
c
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
r
e
st
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
w
i
l
l
h
e
l
p
m
eet
ov
e
r
a
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
R
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
Th
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
o
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
a
t
i
c
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
p
r
i
o
ri
t
i
z
e
w
h
e
r
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
ge
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
o
c
c
u
r
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
a
n
d
su
g
g
e
s
t
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ar
o
u
n
d
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
su
c
h
t
h
a
t
,
i
f
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
ion projects
wi
l
l
m
e
e
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
g
o
a
l
s
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
a
b
o
v
e
a
n
d
a
c
h
ie
v
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Th
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
a
r
e
a
s
a
r
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
:
JL
T
-
o
w
n
e
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
.
R
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
c
u
r
r
e
nt
l
y
o
w
n
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
J
L
T
.
T
h
i
s
w
i
l
l
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
ne
e
d
s
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
J
L
T
’
s
g
o
a
l
s
s
e
t
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
.
A
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
J
L
T
-
o
w
n
e
d
p
r
o
perties
wi
l
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
g
o
o
d
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
o
w
n
e
rs
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
n
d
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
65
Ar
e
a
s
o
f
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
i
n
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
n
i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
o
f
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
ec
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
(
s
e
e
C
h
ap
t
e
r
F
i
v
e
)
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
e
a
r
l
y
t
o
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
i
n
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
s
e
rv
e
a
s
a
f
o
c
u
s
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
ac
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a
s
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
k
n
o
w
n
d
i
sturbances
wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
m
a
na
g
e
d
w
i
t
h
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
t
o
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
c
o
s
t
.
Fo
r
m
e
r
n
o
n
-
m
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
r
o
u
t
e
s
.
A
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
o
n
-
M
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
s
lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
r
a
i
l
r
o
u
t
e
s
c
r
o
s
s
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
hi
g
h
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
v
a
lu
e
a
n
d
/
o
r
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
I
n
s
o
m
e
c
a
s
e
s
,
f
u
t
u
r
e
t
rails are
pl
a
n
n
e
d
s
u
c
h
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
r
e
r
o
u
t
e
d
a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
O
n
c
e
t
h
e
s
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
t
r
a
i
l
s
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
,
r
e
s
t
o
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
e
r
t
r
a
i
l
routes
sh
o
u
l
d
o
c
c
u
r
.
R
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
u
l
d
a
l
s
o
f
o
cu
s
o
n
v
a
c
a
t
e
d
r
o
a
d
r
i
g
h
t
s
-
o
f
-
w
a
y
a
n
d
a
b
a
n
do
n
e
d
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
e
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
s
i
f
t
h
e
y
a
r
i
s
e
.
Ar
e
a
s
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
t
t
o
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
T
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
v
i
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
sh
o
u
l
d
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
a
r
e
a
s
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
t
t
o
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
I
t
i
s
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
a
r
e
l
o
ca
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
h
i
g
h
d
i
s
turbance;
th
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
w
o
u
l
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
a
r
e
a
s
v
i
s
i
b
l
e
to
b
o
t
h
u
s
e
r
s
o
f
a
n
d
v
i
s
i
t
o
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Ad
j
a
c
e
n
t
(
n
o
n
-
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
)
p
a
r
c
e
l
s
.
H
a
b
i
t
a
t
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
i
s
a
n
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
g
o
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
r
e
s
t
o
r
at
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
f
o
c
u
s
on
a
r
e
a
s
t
h
a
t
w
i
l
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
n
d
/
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
s
s
a
m
o
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
qu
a
l
i
t
y
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
b
l
o
c
k
s
(
o
r
p
a
t
c
h
e
s
)
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
A
r
e
as that
ar
e
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
(
i
.
e
.
,
f
a
r
t
h
e
r
a
p
a
r
t)
f
r
o
m
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
h
a
v
e
a
l
o
w
e
r
pr
i
o
r
i
t
y
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
l
e
s
s
u
seful for
wi
l
d
l
i
f
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
c
e
.
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
Th
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
o
p
i
c
s
a
r
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
a
r
o
u
n
d
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
p
r
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
ns are
ap
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
a
n
d
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
l
y
o
f
o
n
e
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
or
i
n
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
o
n
a
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
b
a
s
i
s
.
In
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
I
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
t
s
t
h
r
e
a
t
e
n
n
a
t
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
t
a
n
d
a
n
i
m
a
l
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
I
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
,
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
ar
e
t
o
r
e
m
o
v
e
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
,
a
n
d
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
t
o
r
e
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
n
a
ti
v
e
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
C
h
a
p
t
e
r
F
i
ve
sh
o
u
l
d
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
A
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
p
t
i
o
n
m
a
y
b
e
t
o
c
h
o
o
s
e
a
le
v
e
l
o
f
i
n
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
at
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e with other restoration
go
a
l
s
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
66
Ha
b
i
t
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
n
e
ed
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
f
o
r
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
ar
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
C
h
a
p
t
e
r
T
w
o
.
T
h
e
s
e
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
,
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
(e
.
g
.
,
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
H
a
b
i
t
a
ts
an
d
S
p
e
c
i
e
s
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
–
s
e
e
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
ww
w
.
w
d
f
w
.
w
a
.
g
o
v
/
h
a
b
/
p
h
s
r
e
c
s
.
h
t
m
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
n
a
t
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
t
as
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
rr
i
d
o
r
,
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
op
a
n
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
E
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
gram
co
u
l
d
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
c
a
n
o
p
y
t
h
i
n
n
i
n
g
,
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
u
n
in
g
,
s
n
a
g
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
p
l
a
n
t
sp
e
c
i
e
s
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
.
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
,
a
n
d
p
o
tential
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
,
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
th
e
W
i
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
i
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
Re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
p
l
a
n
.
I
t
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
t
h
a
t
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
io
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Q
W
C
i
s
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
,
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
p
h
a
s
e
d
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
-
w
i
d
e
o
r
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
a
s
a
s
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
si
n
g
l
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
A
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
p
l
a
n
fo
r
t
r
e
e
s
,
s
h
r
u
b
s
,
a
n
d
h
e
r
b
a
c
e
o
u
s
n
a
t
i
v
e
s should
be
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
o
r
k
.
In
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
s
s
t
a
t
e
d
e
a
r
l
i
e
r
,
f
o
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
s
t
ew
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
b
l
i
c
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
w
i
l
l
h
e
l
p
me
e
t
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
id
o
r
.
A
n
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
d
uc
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
rk
fo
r
p
u
b
l
i
c
o
u
t
r
e
a
c
h
,
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
on
,
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
s
(e
.
g
.
,
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
d
e
s
i
g
n
)
re
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
s
,
p
u
b
lications,
an
d
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
A
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
i
n
te
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
rt
w
i
l
l
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
.
Co
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
l
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
.
A
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
l
a
n
d
wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Q
W
C
i
s
o
w
n
e
d
a
nd
/
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
b
y
o
t
h
e
r
p
u
b
l
i
c
en
t
i
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
:
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
D
N
R
,
W
a
sh
i
n
g
t
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
P
a
r
k
s
a
n
d
R
e
c
r
ea
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
W
S
P
R
C
)
,
t
h
e
City of Port Townsend,
an
d
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
y
.
I
t
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
J
L
T
w
o
r
k
c
l
o
s
e
l
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
e
e
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
t
o
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
v
i
s
i
o
n for the
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
r
e
st
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
i
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
g
i
v
e
n
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
e
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
m
a
n
a
g
e
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
habitat
ar
e
a
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
.
A
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
i
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
r
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
o
f
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
pr
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
wi
l
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
a
t
a
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
n
d
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
.
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
w
i
l
l
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
ng and
re
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
r
v
i
v
a
l
,
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
of
w
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
,
w
a
t
e
r
r
e
gi
m
e
,
a
n
d
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
67Sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
R
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
It
i
s
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
l
o
c
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
w
i
l
l
d
e
p
e
n
d
u
p
o
n
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
such as funding
me
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
,
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
o
c
c
u
rr
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
a
t
a
s
t
r
o
p
h
i
c
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
(
e
.
g
.
,
e
x
tr
e
m
e
f
l
o
o
d
o
r
w
i
n
d
e
v
e
n
t
s
)
.
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g relative
im
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
sh
o
u
l
d
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
s
,
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
corridors, and
bu
f
f
e
r
s
.
L
o
w
e
r
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
sh
o
u
l
d
g
o
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
s
e
v
e
r
e
l
y
i
n
f
e
s
t
e
d
a
r
e
a
s
th
a
t
w
i
l
l
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
t
h
e
g
r
e
a
t
e
s
t
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
i
nitial effort and
fo
l
l
o
w
-
u
p
c
a
r
e
.
H
i
g
h
e
r
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
a
s
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
a
r
ea
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
e
a
s
i
l
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
e
a
s
i
l
y
r
e
m
e
d
i
e
d
.
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
op
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
l
i
s
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
8
-
1
ar
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
a
r
e
a
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
th
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y in need of
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
/
o
r
r
e
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
of
s
o
m
e
s
o
r
t
.
R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
r
e
s
t
or
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
z
e
d
an
d
m
a
t
c
h
e
d
w
i
t
h
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
r
e
s
t
oration
lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
(
s
)
m
a
y
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
Ta
b
l
e
8
-
1
:
R
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
Op
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
R
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
No
r
t
h
B
e
a
c
h
S
e
g
m
e
n
t
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
49
th
a
n
d
5
0
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
2,
4
,
6
,
7
Qu
a
k
i
n
g
A
s
p
e
n
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
(
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
)
2
,
3
,
4
,
8
Wi
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
3
,
4
,
6
,
7
,
8
Fo
r
m
e
r
t
r
a
i
l
r
o
u
t
e
s
49
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
t
o
E
.
D
i
a
m
o
n
d
47
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
t
o
4
5
th
a
n
d
R
o
s
e
n
c
r
a
n
s
Ot
h
e
r
s
a
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
3,
6
,
7
,
9
Wi
n
o
n
a
-
T
i
b
b
a
l
s
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
Te
e
P
e
e
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
El
m
i
r
a
1,
3
,
5
,
8
,
9
Mi
d
d
l
e
p
o
i
n
t
2
,
3
,
6
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
68
Re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
t
er
a
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
a
s
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
C
h
a
p
t
e
r
F
i
v
e
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
r
e
s
toration
me
t
h
o
d
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
1.
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
l
e
g
a
c
y
t
r
e
e
n
e
a
r
t
h
e
c
o
r
n
e
r
o
f
3
9
th
a
n
d
H
a
l
l
S
t
r
e
e
t
.
M
u
l
c
h
r
o
o
t
a
r
e
a
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
n
e
a
r
b
y
t
o
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
t
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
.
Co
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
m
y
c
r
o
r
h
y
z
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
so
i
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
f
i
n
e
r
o
o
t
g
r
o
w
t
h
.
2.
En
h
a
n
c
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
b
u
f
f
e
r
s
.
A
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
b
u
f
f
e
r
s
a
r
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
i
n
pr
o
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
a
s
w
e
ll as individual
re
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
)
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
P
e
r
i
m
e
t
e
r
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
pl
a
n
t
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
s
n
e
e
d
t
o
b
e
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
.
W
o
r
k
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
d
j
a
cent
la
n
d
o
w
n
e
r
s
t
o
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
i
n
g
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
ed
g
e
s
w
i
l
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
w
a
t
e
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
,
p
l
a
n
t
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
, and
wi
l
d
l
i
f
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
.
3.
Se
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
r
y
w
i
th
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
h
r
u
b
s
.
U
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
r
y
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
s
a
r
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
m
o
s
t
l
y
t
o
r
e
c
l
a
i
m
a
r
e
a
s
w
h
e
r
e
na
t
i
v
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
l
o
s
t
t
o
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
i
n
c
u
rs
i
o
n
o
r
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
d
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
.
M
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
o
n
-
s
i
t
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
e
d
w
h
e
n
r
e
p
l
a
n
t
ing.
Bo
t
h
s
h
r
u
b
a
n
d
h
e
r
b
l
a
y
e
r
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
e
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
.
4.
Re
s
t
o
r
e
a
n
d
/
o
r
s
t
a
b
i
li
z
e
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
ha
v
e
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
h
y
d
r
o
p
e
r
i
o
d
s
d
u
e
t
o
r
o
a
d
a
n
d
ut
i
l
i
t
y
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
h
u
m
a
n
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
nc
e
.
T
h
i
s
a
l
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
s
s
h
i
f
t
e
d
t
h
e
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
l
a
n
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
ed in the
sp
r
e
a
d
o
f
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
.
V
o
l
u
m
e
a
n
d
fl
o
w
r
a
t
e
s
,
i
m
p
o
u
n
d
m
e
n
t
s
,
s
i
t
e
t
o
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
a
n
d
gr
a
d
i
n
g
s
h
o
u
l
d
a
l
l
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
i
n
w
e
t
l
a
nd
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
.
5.
Re
m
o
v
e
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
d
t
r
e
e
s
.
D
i
s
e
a
s
e
d
t
r
e
e
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
W
e
s
t
e
r
n
h
e
m
l
o
c
k
w
it
h
r
o
o
t
r
o
t
)
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
a
s
ne
e
d
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
o
f
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
vi
s
i
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
of
t
h
e
f
o
r
e
s
t
c
a
n
o
p
y
.
E
a
r
l
y
d
e
t
e
ct
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
w
i
l
l
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
t
r
e
e
l
o
s
s
f
r
o
m
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
.
6.
Im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
t
l
a
b
e
l
i
n
g
/
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
P
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
m
a
y
f
o
s
t
e
r
vi
s
i
t
o
r
s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
b
e
co
m
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
i
n
r
e
s
t
o
r
at
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
7.
Am
e
n
d
s
o
i
l
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
s
a
f
t
e
r
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
es
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
c
l
e
a
r
e
d
a
n
d
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
.
I
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
w
e
e
d
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
w
i
l
l
l
i
k
e
l
y
re
s
u
l
t
i
n
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
b
a
r
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
a
go
o
d
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
a
m
e
n
d
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
s
o
i
l
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
n
u
t
r
i
e
n
t
u
p
t
a
k
e
a
n
d
w
a
t
e
r
r
e
t
e
ntion of
ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
n
e
w
p
l
a
n
t
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
a
r
e
a
s
cl
e
a
r
e
d
o
f
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
a
n
d
/
o
r
re
p
l
a
n
t
e
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
w
e
l
l
-
m
u
l
c
h
e
d
t
o
s
u
p
p
r
e
s
s
t
h
e
r
e
t
u
r
n
o
f
in
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
a
n
d
t
o
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
e
s
o
i
l
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
69
8.
In
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
.
In
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
c
a
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e
wi
l
d
l
i
f
e
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
.
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
en
t
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
n
a
g
s
,
n
e
s
t
b
o
x
e
s
,
a
n
d
l
o
g
s
.
9.
En
s
u
r
e
f
o
r
e
s
t
c
a
n
o
p
y
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
t
y
.
S
u
p
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
r
e
e
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
wh
e
r
e
v
e
r
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
t
o
p
l
a
n
t
a
r
e possible, such as in spot
op
e
n
i
n
g
s
,
w
h
e
r
e
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
o
r
d
i
s
ea
s
e
d
t
r
e
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
,
o
r
w
h
e
r
e
b
l
o
w
do
w
n
s
h
a
v
e
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
d
.
N
a
t
i
v
e
c
o
n
i
f
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
co
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
d
e
c
i
d
u
o
u
s
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
s
a
r
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
70
Ac
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
Re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
Im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
i
o
n
1.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
fo
u
n
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
.
2.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
an
d
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
p
l
a
n
f
o
r
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Us
e
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
S
p
e
c
i
e
s
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
gu
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
.
De
v
e
l
o
p
a
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
p
l
a
n
o
f
t
r
e
e
s
,
s
h
r
u
b
s
,
a
n
d
he
r
b
a
c
e
o
u
s
p
l
a
n
t
s
f
o
r
u
s
e
w
i
t
h
in
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
t
y
p
e
s
.
3.
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e
a
r
e
a
s
f
o
r
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
Wo
r
k
t
o
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
J
L
T
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
f
i
r
s
t
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
M
T
A
B
t
o
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
re
r
o
u
t
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
Re
s
t
o
r
e
a
r
e
a
s
a
l
o
n
g
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
Re
s
t
o
r
e
n
o
n
-
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
a
r
e
a
s
.
4.
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
la
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
s
fo
r
n
o
n
-
J
L
T
-
o
w
n
e
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
.
Sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
f
o
c
u
s
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
W
i
n
o
n
a
,
Qu
a
k
i
n
g
A
s
p
e
n
/
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
,
a
n
d
4
9
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
.
5.
E
d
u
c
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
.
Us
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
a
s
an
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
vo
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
s
.
Us
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
a
s
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ad
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
g
e
o
r
i
n
te
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
.
In
f
o
r
m
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
l
us
e
r
s
o
f
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
v
i
a
C
i
ty
N
e
w
s
l
e
t
t
e
r
,
b
r
o
c
h
u
r
e
s
,
ma
i
l
i
n
g
s
,
e
t
c
.
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
71CHA
P
T
E
R
NIN
E
ACT
I
O
N
PLA
N
Th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
i
s
t
o
r
e
-
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
a
n
d
r
e
f
i
n
e
t
h
e
v
i
s
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
Q
u
i
m
p
e
r
W
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
C
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
Pr
o
j
e
c
t
(
Q
W
C
P
)
a
n
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
ra
t
e
g
i
e
s
f
o
r
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
L
a
n
d
T
r
us
t
a
n
d
i
t
s
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
pl
a
n
h
o
p
e
s
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
ement
to
o
l
s
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
m
u
l
t
i
p
le
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
o
w
n
e
r
s
a
n
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
j
u
r
i
s
d
ic
t
i
o
n
s
.
A
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
n
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
es an immense
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
t
a
b
l
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
z
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
ac
t
i
o
n
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
.
I
t
a
l
so
n
a
m
e
s
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
s
)
be
s
t
s
u
i
t
e
d
t
o
t
a
k
e
t
h
e
l
e
ad
o
n
a
c
t
i
o
n
i
t
e
m
s
.
W
h
e
r
e
a
n agency has not
ad
o
p
t
e
d
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
,
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
a
s
k
s
c
a
n
o
n
l
y
s
e
r
v
e
a
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
m
u
c
h
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
c
o
m
p
l
i
s
h
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
in the spirit of
pa
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
.
I
t
i
s
h
o
p
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
wi
l
l
s
e
r
v
e
t
o
r
e
-
i
n
v
i
g
o
r
a
t
e
a
l
l
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
pa
r
t
n
e
r
s
a
n
d
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
t
o
m
a
k
e
m
e
a
n
i
ngful
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
A
c
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
i
o
n
L
e
a
d
Pa
r
t
n
e
r
(
s
)
Ha
b
i
t
a
t
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
1.
U
p
d
a
t
e
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
an
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
n
g
n
e
w
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
as
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
d
a
t
a
.
Se
c
u
r
e
/
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
i
n
g
l
a
r
g
e
r
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
bl
o
c
k
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
W
i
n
o
n
a
B
a
s
i
n
(
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
re
m
n
a
n
t
m
a
t
u
r
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
)
,
t
h
e
D
N
R
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
P
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
.
Re
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
b
a
s
i
c
3
-
t
i
e
r
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
,
w
h
i
l
e
br
o
a
d
e
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
o
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
1
k
m
.
Se
c
u
r
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
H
a
l
l
S
t
r
e
e
t
l
e
g
a
c
y
t
r
e
e
,
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
72Su
m
m
a
r
y
A
c
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
i
o
n
L
e
a
d
Pa
r
t
n
e
r
(
s
)
Iv
y
S
t
r
e
e
t
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
(
F
r
o
g
F
o
r
e
s
t
)
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
4
3
rd
St
r
e
e
t
u
n
i
t
.
2.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
ha
b
i
t
a
t
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
go
a
l
s
.
De
l
i
n
e
a
t
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
n
i
t
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
ty
p
e
a
n
d
/
o
r
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
De
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
a
l
e
a
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
ea
c
h
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
n
i
t
.
JL
T
3.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
p
u
b
l
i
c
ou
t
r
e
a
c
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Ex
p
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
f
o
r
pl
a
n
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
n
a
t
i
v
e
v
e
g
e
ta
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
n
e
s
t
bo
x
e
s
.
Pr
o
d
u
c
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
o
n
b
e
s
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
fo
r
b
o
t
h
l
a
n
d
o
w
n
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
m
a
l
l
w
o
o
d
l
o
t
ma
n
a
g
e
r
s
r
e
s
i
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
gr
e
a
t
e
r
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
a
r
e
a
.
Im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
d
o
c
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
t
o
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
a
n
d
ed
u
c
a
t
e
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
s
.
JL
T
4.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Es
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
w
i
t
h
pa
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
s
o
n
q
u
a
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
sp
e
c
i
e
s
.
I
n
c
l
u
d
e
“
s
p
a
c
e
f
o
r
t
i
m
e
”
p
l
o
t
s
b
y
sa
m
p
l
i
n
g
i
n
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
r
ea
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
l
o
t
s
w
i
l
l
tr
a
c
k
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
e
a
s
o
n
s
o
v
e
r
a
pe
r
i
o
d
o
f
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
y
e
a
r
s
.
Co
n
t
i
n
u
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
t
o
g
a
i
n
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
JL
T
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
73Su
m
m
a
r
y
A
c
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
i
o
n
L
e
a
d
Pa
r
t
n
e
r
(
s
)
co
r
r
i
d
o
r
’
s
p
r
e
-
s
e
t
t
l
e
m
e
n
t
p
l
a
n
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
r
e
e
r
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
,
p
h
o
t
o
a
r
c
h
i
v
e
s
,
a
n
d
ve
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
n
a
l
o
g
o
u
s
s
i
t
e
s
.
La
n
d
U
s
e
a
n
d
Re
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
y
Ov
e
r
v
i
e
w
1.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
n
“
a
c
t
i
v
e
pa
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
”
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
an
d
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
y
.
Re
q
u
e
s
t
t
h
a
t
a
s
t
a
f
f
p
e
r
s
on
b
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
d
a
s
a
po
i
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
o
b
e
t
t
e
r
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Co
n
d
u
c
t
a
t
w
o
-
w
a
y
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
s
e
m
i
n
a
r
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
ag
e
n
c
y
s
t
a
f
f
a
n
d
J
L
T
s
t
a
f
f
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
C
i
t
y
s
t
a
f
f
t
o
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
ac
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
/
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
Q
W
C
a
s
a
vi
a
b
l
e
o
f
f
-
s
i
t
e
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
si
t
e
i
n
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
h
e
r
e
on
-
s
i
t
e
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
t
o
b
e
i
n
f
e
a
s
i
b
l
e
or
o
f
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
Je
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
Co
u
n
t
y
2.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
c
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
r
a
i
l
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
En
s
u
r
e
2
0
0
8
s
u
p
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
N
o
n
-
M
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
s
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
s
,
as
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
N
o
n
-
M
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ad
v
i
s
o
r
y
B
o
a
r
d
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
n
y
n
e
w
t
r
a
i
l
s
a
r
e
co
m
p
a
t
i
b
l
e
.
JL
T
NM
T
A
B
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
74La
n
d
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
St
r
a
t
e
g
y
1.
C
o
o
r
i
d
n
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
on
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
c
i
t
y
-
o
w
n
e
d
pr
o
p
e
r
t
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
QW
C
.
Fo
r
m
a
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
t
h
J
L
T
a
n
d
C
i
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
To
w
n
s
e
n
d
s
t
a
f
f
.
Fo
r
m
a
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
t
h
J
L
T
a
n
d
C
i
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
To
w
n
s
e
n
d
s
t
a
f
f
.
En
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
d
r
a
i
n
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
ap
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
s
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
S
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
Ma
s
t
e
r
P
l
a
n
.
Re
q
u
e
s
t
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
a
s
t
a
f
f
m
e
m
b
e
r
t
o
be
a
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
f
o
r
i
s
s
u
e
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
QW
C
t
o
b
e
t
t
e
r
f
a
c
i
l
it
a
t
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Di
s
c
u
s
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
r
e
z
o
n
i
ng
o
f
s
o
m
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
pa
r
c
e
l
s
o
w
n
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
o
r
J
L
T
.
In
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
p
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
i
n
g
co
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
e
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
C
i
t
y
-
o
w
n
e
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
to
J
L
T
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
2.
T
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
ea
s
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
o
a
n
e
l
i
g
i
b
l
e
ag
e
n
c
y
(
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
o
f
Po
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
)
f
o
r
J
L
T
pr
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
.
In
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
o
w
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
a
l
t
e
rn
a
t
i
v
e
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
.
In
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
f
o
r
p
l
a
c
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
ea
s
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
r
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
i
n
g
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
r
i
g
h
t
s
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
3.
S
e
c
u
r
e
t
h
e
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
pr
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
D
N
R
Sc
h
o
o
l
L
a
n
d
s
p
a
r
c
e
l
.
Fo
r
m
a
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
w
i
t
h
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
y
s
t
a
f
f
to
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
h
o
w
t
h
i
s
p
a
r
c
e
l
f
i
t
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Co
u
n
t
y
’
s
o
p
e
n
s
p
a
c
e
g
o
a
l
s
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
u
p
w
i
t
h
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
5
0
-
y
e
a
r
l
e
a
s
e
b
y
t
h
e
JL
T
Je
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
75Su
m
m
a
r
y
A
c
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
n
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
A
c
t
i
o
n
L
e
a
d
Pa
r
t
n
e
r
(
s
)
Co
u
n
t
y
f
r
o
m
D
N
R
.
C
o
u
n
t
y
Wa
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
DN
R
4.
U
p
d
a
t
e
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
.
Us
e
t
h
e
m
a
p
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
a
ne
w
c
o
s
t
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
f
o
r
r
e
m
a
i
n
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
De
v
e
l
o
p
a
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
t
o
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
ac
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
JL
T
5.
P
u
r
s
u
e
s
t
r
e
e
t
va
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Id
e
n
t
i
f
y
r
i
g
h
t
s
-
o
f
-
w
a
y
e
l
i
g
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
v
a
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Be
g
i
n
v
a
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
C
i
t
y
o
f
P
o
r
t
To
w
n
s
e
n
d
.
Be
g
i
n
q
u
i
e
t
t
i
t
l
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
fo
r
t
h
o
s
e
r
i
g
h
t
s
-
o
f
-
w
a
y
in
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
y
j
u
r
i
s
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
a
s
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
Je
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
Co
u
n
t
y
In
v
a
s
i
v
e
P
l
a
n
t
Co
n
t
r
o
l
1.
B
e
g
i
n
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
sp
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
f
o
r
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
re
m
o
v
a
l
/
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
r
e
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
n
a
t
i
v
e
sp
e
c
i
e
s
.
In
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
i
n
t
o
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
J
L
T
JL
T
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
76
st
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Co
n
s
i
d
e
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
“
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
Q
W
C
”
vo
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
r
a
i
n
e
d
s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
c
a
n
b
e
re
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
in
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
e
d
w
o
r
k
p
a
r
t
i
e
s
.
2.
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
sp
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
t
o
la
r
g
e
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
pr
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
Wi
n
o
n
a
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
a
n
d
4
9
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
W
e
t
l
a
n
d
in
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
i
n
th
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
st
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
pa
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
t
o
s
e
e
k
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
t
w
o
si
t
e
s
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
3.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
l
o
c
a
l
Ba
c
k
y
a
r
d
W
i
l
d
l
i
f
e
Sa
n
c
t
u
a
r
y
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
an
d
/
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
o
w
n
e
r
ou
t
r
e
a
c
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
In
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
g
ra
m
i
n
t
o
o
n
-
g
o
i
n
g
J
L
T
st
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
.
De
v
e
l
o
p
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
t
o
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
e.
g
.
,
J
e
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
C
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
,
A
u
d
u
b
o
n
So
c
i
e
t
y
,
e
t
c
.
JL
T
No
n
-
M
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
Tr
a
i
l
s
,
S
i
g
n
a
g
e
,
&
In
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
Di
s
p
l
a
y
s
1.
R
e
s
o
l
v
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
u
t
u
r
e
t
r
a
i
l
co
n
f
l
i
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
QW
C
.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
o
n
-
M
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
A
d
v
i
s
o
r
y
B
o
a
r
d
i
n
r
e
-
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
tr
a
i
l
s
a
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
M
T
A
B
t
o
up
d
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
t
o
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
n
e
w
t
r
a
i
l
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
a
s
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
NM
T
A
B
JL
T
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
77
2.
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
g
e
a
n
d
in
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
i
n
th
e
Q
W
C
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
M
T
A
B
t
o
co
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
s
i
g
n
a
g
e
n
e
e
d
s
.
JL
T
h
a
s
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
si
g
n
a
g
e
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
p
la
y
(
s
)
i
n
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
3.
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
tr
a
i
l
s
t
o
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
M
T
A
B
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
s
to
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
t
r
a
i
l
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
nc
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
wi
d
e
n
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
r
e
a
s
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
r
o
u
t
e
d
tr
a
i
l
s
a
n
d
n
a
r
r
o
w
i
n
g
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
Ut
i
l
i
t
y
En
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
78
1.
M
i
t
i
g
a
t
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
ut
i
l
i
t
y
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
o
we
t
l
a
n
d
s
.
An
a
l
y
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
u
t
i
l
i
ti
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
ov
e
r
a
l
l
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
io
n
f
o
r
W
i
n
o
n
a
,
Q
u
a
k
i
n
g
As
p
e
n
/
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
,
a
n
d
4
9
th
S
t
r
e
e
t
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
.
Co
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
t
o
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
h
y
d
r
o
l
o
g
y
f
r
o
m
ut
i
l
i
t
y
e
n
c
r
o
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
2.
M
i
t
i
g
a
t
e
a
n
d
mi
n
i
m
i
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
ut
i
l
i
t
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
r
o
a
d
s
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
C
i
t
y
P
u
b
l
i
c
W
o
r
k
s
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
t
o
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
ro
a
d
s
(
S
e
a
v
i
e
w
s
e
w
e
r
,
W
i
l
l
a
m
e
t
t
e
S
t
r
e
e
t
)
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
na
r
r
o
w
i
n
g
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
s
u
c
h
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
re
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
e
a
s
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
.
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
3.
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
st
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
t
o
Q
W
C
.
En
s
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
a
n
y
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
s
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
ed
w
i
t
h
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
fu
n
d
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
n
o
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
i
s
pl
a
n
o
c
c
u
r
s
i
n
a
m
a
n
n
e
r
t
h
a
t
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
s
st
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
Q
W
C
.
Th
e
J
L
T
s
h
o
u
l
d
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
w
i
t
h
c
i
t
y
s
t
a
f
f
on
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
1
9
9
9
d
r
a
f
t
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
p
l
a
n
an
d
u
r
g
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
l
a
n
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
.
Wo
r
k
t
o
e
d
u
c
a
t
e
a
n
d
u
p
d
a
t
e
C
i
t
y
a
n
d
C
o
u
n
t
y
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
t
a
f
f
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
Q
W
C
.
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
JL
T
Je
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
Co
u
n
t
y
4.
M
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
im
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
QW
C
.
Re
v
i
e
w
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
l
a
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
pr
e
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
.
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
t
h
a
t
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
C
i
t
y
a
n
d
C
o
u
n
t
y
de
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
a
s
t
a
f
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
s
a
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
f
o
r
QW
C
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
i
s
s
u
e
s
.
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
JL
T
Je
f
f
e
r
s
o
n
Co
u
n
t
y
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
79Re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
1.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
sp
e
c
i
e
s
.
Fo
l
l
o
w
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
co
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
l
a
n
.
JL
T
2.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
p
l
a
n
f
o
r
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
.
Us
e
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
S
p
e
c
i
e
s
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
gu
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
.
De
v
e
l
o
p
a
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
p
l
a
n
o
f
t
r
e
e
s
,
s
h
r
u
b
s
,
a
n
d
he
r
b
a
c
e
o
u
s
p
l
a
n
t
s
f
o
r
u
s
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
ty
p
e
s
.
JL
T
3.
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
e
a
r
e
a
s
f
o
r
re
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
Wo
r
k
t
o
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
J
L
T
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
f
i
r
s
t
.
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
o
r
t
T
o
w
n
s
e
n
d
N
M
T
A
B
t
o
re
s
t
o
r
e
r
e
r
o
u
t
e
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
Re
s
t
o
r
e
a
r
e
a
s
a
l
o
n
g
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
l
s
.
Re
s
t
o
r
e
n
o
n
-
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
a
r
e
a
s
.
JL
T
4.
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
la
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
Wo
r
k
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
pl
a
n
s
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
J
L
T
-
o
w
n
e
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
.
Sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
f
o
c
u
s
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
Wi
n
o
n
a
,
Q
u
a
k
i
n
g
A
s
p
e
n/
L
e
v
i
n
s
k
i
,
a
n
d
4
9
th
St
r
e
e
t
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
.
JL
T
Ci
t
y
o
f
P
T
Wa
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
DN
R
5.
E
d
u
c
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
Us
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
a
s
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
in
v
o
l
v
e
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
s
.
Us
e
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
a
s
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
pr
o
v
i
d
e
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
ge
o
r
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
v
e
di
s
p
l
a
y
s
.
In
f
o
r
m
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
l
u
s
e
r
s
o
f
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
an
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
v
i
a
C
i
t
y
N
e
w
s
l
e
t
t
e
r
,
br
o
c
h
u
r
e
s
,
m
a
i
l
i
n
g
s
,
e
t
c
.
JL
T
Quimper Wildlife Corridor Management Plan Draft 05/05/08
80